考研英语一真题解析答案.docx
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考研英语一真题解析答案.docx
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考研英语一真题解析答案
2020年
考研英语
(一)真题
SeCtiOnIUSeOfEnglish
Directions:
ReadthefOllOwingtext.ChOOsethebestwOrd(s)fOreaChnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,OrDOntheANSWERSHEET.
EveniffamiliesdOn'tsitdOwntOeattOgetherasfrequentlyasbefOre,milliOnsOfBritOnswillnOnethelesshavegOtasharethisweekendOfOneOfthatnatiOn'sgreattraditiOns:
theSundayrOast.1aCOldwinter'sday,fewCulinarypleasuresCan2it.YetaswerepOrtnOw.ThefOOdpOliCearedeterminedOurhealth.Thatthis3shOuldberenderedyetanOtherqualitypleasure4tOdamageOurhealth.
TheFOOdStandardsAuthOrity(FSA)has5apubliCwOrmingabOuttherisksOfaCOmpOundCalledaCrylamidethatfOrmsinsOmefOOdsCOOked6hightemperatures.ThismeansthatpeOpleshOuld7CrispingtheirrOastpOtatOes,rejeCtthin-CrustpizzasandOnly8tOasttheirbread.ButwhereistheevidenCetOsuppOrtsuChalarmistadviCe?
9studieshaveshOwnthataCrylamideCanCauseneurOlOgiCaldamageinmiCe,thereisnO10evidenCethatitCausesCanCerinhumans.
havenohardscientificproof12theprecautionaryprincipleit
couldbearguedthatitis13tofollowtheFSAadvice.
14,itwasrumouredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbefore
theevidencewasfoundtoprovea15.
Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe16upon
Sundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?
17,the
FSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,but
reducetheirlifetimeintake.Howeverits19riskscominga
crossasbeingpushyandoverprotective.Constanthealthscaresjust20withonelistening.
1.
A.In
B.Towards
C.On
D.Till
C
2.
A.match
B.express
C.satisfy
D.influence
3.
A.patience
B.enjoyment
C.surprise
D.concern
B
4.
A.intensified
B.privileged
C.compelled
D.guaranteed
A
5.
A.issued
B.received
C.compelled
D.guaranteed
提交知识点
A
提交纠错信息评价难易度
6.
A.under
B.at
C.for
D.by
B
7.
A.forget
B.regret
C.finish
D.avoid
D
8.
A.partially
B.regularly
C.easily
D.initiallyC
9.
A.Unless
B.Since
C.If
D.While
D
10.
A.secondary
B.external
C.conclusive
D.negative
C
11.
A.insufficient
B.bound
C.likely
D.slow
B
12.
A.Onthebasisof
B.Atthecostof
C.Inadditionto
D.Incontrastto
C
13.
A.interesting
B.advisable
C.urgent
D.fortunate
B
14.
A.Asusual
B.Inparticular
C.Bydefinition
D.Afterall
D
15.
A.resemblance
B.combination
C.connection
D.pattern
C
16.
A.made
B.served
C.saved
D.used
B
17.
A.Tobefair
B.Forinstance
C.Tobebrief
D.Ingeneral
A
18.
A.reluctantly
B.entirely
C.gradually
D.carefully
B
19.
A.promise
B.experience
C.campaign
D.competitionA
20.
A.followup
B.pickup
C.openup
D.endup
SeCtiOn∏ReadingComPrehension
PartA
Text1
AgrouPoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooPer,arebringinginthenewyearwithaCalltoinstituteaUK"townofCulture"award.TheProPosalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingCityofCulturetitle,whiChwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforzoz1.CooPerandherColleaguesarguethatthesuCCessoftheCrownforHull,Whereitbroughtin£220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,outnottobeConfinedtoCities.Britain'town,itistruearenotPreventedfromaPPlying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoPuttogetherabittobeattheirbiggercomPetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.
SomemightseetheProPosalasaboobyPrizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoaPPlyforthemuchmorePrestigioustitleofEuroPeancaPitalofculture,asough-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverPoolin2008.AcynicmightsPeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisaPPearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesPerationtoreinventitselfforthePost-Brexitworld:
aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?
Suburbofculture?
Hamletofculture?
Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,community.groupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:
Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.
A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.
1.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould.
A.consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritain
B.promotecooperationamongBrainstowns
C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofbrainstowns
D.focusBrain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents
D
2.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas.
A.asensiblecompromise
B.aself-deceivingattemp
C.aneye-catchingbonus
D.aninaccessibletarget
B
3.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit
A.endeavortomaintainitsimage
B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople
C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence
D.commitstoitslong-termgrowth
D
4.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent.
A.acontrastingcase
B.asupportingexample
C.abackgroundstory
D.arelatedtopic
B
5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?
A.Skeptical
B.Objective
C.Favorable
D.Critical
C
Text2
Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.
Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.
Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinexistentialcrisis.
TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpepersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mIaStyear,whileUKUniVerSitieSaloneSPentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedreSearch;bothfigureSSeemtoriSeunStoPPablydeSPiteincreaSingly
desperateeffortstochangethem.
Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongisusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.
InBritainthemovetowarsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:
eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.
Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.PublishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsOfPreParinganarticle.TheSerangefromaround£500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlePreParationcosts”hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.InsomewaysthescientificPublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:
labourisProvidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.
1.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney”partlybecause.
A.itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease
B.itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful
C.itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced
D.itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing
D
2.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave.
A.thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries
B.gonethroughanexistentialcrisis
C.revivedthepublishingindustry
D.financedresearchersgenerouslyA
3.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?
A.Relieved
B.Puzzled
C.Concerned
D.Encouraged
4.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms.
A.allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney
B.renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists
C.reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially
D.freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdensA
5.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsthescientificpublishingmode?
A.Trialsubscriptionisoffered
B.Labourtriumphsoveratstus
C.Costsarewellcontrolled
D.Thefewfeedonthemany
D
Text3
Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butal
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