大学英语4级翻译练习(真题集合).pptx
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大学英语4级翻译练习(真题集合).pptx
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“你要茶还是要咖啡?
”是用餐人常被问到的问题。
许多西方人会选咖啡,而中国人则会选茶。
相传,中国的一位帝王于五千多年前发现了茶,并用来治病。
在明清(theMingandQingDynasties)期间,茶馆遍布全国。
饮茶在六世纪传到日本,但直到十七、十八世纪才传到欧美。
如今,茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一。
茶是中国的民族饮品,也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
“Teaorcoffee?
”Thatsaquestionoftenaskedwhenpeoplehaveameal.Manywesternerswouldchoosecoffee,whiletheChinesewouldchoosetea.LegendhasitthatteawasdiscoveredbyaChineseemperorfivethousandyearsago,andwasusedtocurediseases.DuringtheMingandQingDynasties,teahouseswerealloverthecountry.TeadrinkingwasintroducedtoJapaninthe16thcentury,butitwasnotuntilthe17thorthe18thcenturythatitspreadtoEuropeandAmerica.Nowadays,teaisoneofthemostpopularbeveragesintheworld.ItisnotonlythenationalbeverageofChina,butalsoanimportantpartofChinesetraditionandculture.中国结(theChineseknot)最初是由手工艺人发明的,经过数百年不断的改进,已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。
在古代,人们用它来记录事件,但现在主要用于装饰的目的。
“结”在中文里意味着爱情、婚姻和团聚。
中国结常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。
这种形式的手工艺(handicraft)代代相传,现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
TheChineseknotwasoriginallyinventedbythecraftsmen.Afterhundredsofyearscontinuousimprovement,ithasbecomeakindofelegantandcolorfulartandcraft.Inancienttimes,itwasusedtorecordevents,butnowitisusedmainlyfordecorativepurposes.Knot,pronounced“jie”inChinese,meanslove,marriageandreunion.TheChineseknotisusedasgiftstoexchangeorasdecorationstoprayforgoodluckandwardoffevilspirits.Thisformofhandicrafthasbeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration,andhasbecomeincreasinglypopularinChinaandaroundtheworld.许多人喜欢中餐。
在中国,烹饪不仅被视为一种技能,而且也被视为一种艺术。
精心准备的中餐既可口又好看,烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。
但好的烹饪都有一个共同点,总要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养。
由于食物对健康至关重要,好的厨师总是在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡,所以中餐既美味又健康。
ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.InChina,cookingisconsideredasnotonlyaskillbutalsoanart.Thewell-preparedChinesefoodisbothdeliciousandgoodlooking.AlthoughcookingmethodsandfoodingredientsvarywildlyindifferentplacesofChina,itiscommonforgoodcuisinetotakecolor,flavor,tasteandnutritionintoaccount.Sincefoodiscrucialtohealth,agoodchefisalwaystryingtoseekbalanceamongcereals,meatandvegetables,thusmakingChinesefoodtastyaswellashealthy.中国人的姓(surname)有一个字的单姓,也有两个字或两个字以上的复姓。
当代中国人正在使用的汉姓约有3,500个。
在其中100个常见姓氏中,最大的三个姓氏是李、王、张。
在中国,姓在前,名在后。
中国人的名也具有自己的传统和特点。
名有一个字的,也有两个字的。
同一个家族(clan)中名字常要按辈份排列。
同辈的名字(如果是两个字)里往往有一个字相同。
ThesurnamesofChinesepeoplecanbeone-charactersurnamesorcompoundsurnamesmadeupoftwoormorecharacters.ContemporaryChineseuseabout3,500Chinesesurnames.Amongthe100commonlyusedsurnames,thethreemostcommonareLi,WangandZhang.InChina,thesurnamecomesfirst,andisfollowedbythegivenname,andthelatterhasitsowntraditionsandfeatures.Itcanhaveoneortwocharacters.Inthesameclan,thegivennameisoftenarrangedintheorderofseniorityinthefamilyhierarchy.AndthegivennamesofthepeersusuallyhaveoneChinesecharacterincommoniftherearemorethanonecharacterintheirgivennames.黄河全长5,400多千米,是中国的第二长河。
从地图上看,黄河的形状是一个巨大的“几”字。
黄河上游是中国羊毛、皮革和其他畜产品的主要产地。
中、下游是中国农业发源地之一。
黄河是中华民族的母亲河。
黄河流域被称为中华民族的摇篮,也是世界文明的发祥地之一。
相传中华民族的始祖之一的黄帝就出生在这里。
传说人就是天神女娲用黄河泥捏成的。
TheYellowRiverisover5,400kmlongandisthesecondlongestriverinChina.Seenfromthemap,theYellowRiverliesintheshapeofahuge“几”.TheupperreachesoftheYellowRiverarethemainproducingareaofwool,leatherandotherlivestockproducts.ThemiddleandlowerreachesareoneoftheoriginsofChinasagriculture.TheYellowRiverisconsideredastheMotherRiveroftheChinesepeople.ThedrainageareaoftheYellowRiverishonoredasthecradleoftheChinesepeopleandalsooneoftheoriginsofworldcivilization.ItissaidthatHuangdi,legendaryrulerandancestoroftheChinesenation,wasbornhere.ItissaidmanwasmadebyNvWa(alegendarygoddess)withthemudintheYellowRiver.中国是一个农业大国,同时也是世界上农业发展历史最悠久的国家之一。
水稻等农作物都起源于中国。
中国政府十分重视农业生产,不断加大农业投入,积极进行农田水利基本建设,从而提高了农业生产的现代化水平,使农业取得了辉煌的成就。
最突出的表现是:
中国依靠占世界不足7%的耕地,养活了占世界22%的人口。
Chinaisabigagriculturalcountry.Itisalsooneofthecountrieswiththelongesthistoryofagriculturaldevelopmentintheworld.CropslikericeoriginatedfromChina.TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreatsignificancetoagriculture.Itconstantlyincreasesinvestmentinagriculturebyactivelybuildingfarmlandirrigationandwaterconservationinfrastructure.TheseeffortshaveledtoChinasimprovementofagriculturalmodernizationandgreataccomplishmentsinagriculture.ThisisparticularlyshownbythefactthatChinahasmanagedtofeed22%oftheworldpopulationwithlessthan7%oftheworldscultivatedland.给红包(redpackets)是过春节的一个传统,就是在一个红色的小信封里装上钱,寓意幸运和财富。
红色是幸运色,能给收到红包的人带来好运。
红包一般是父母给儿女,爷爷奶奶给孙儿孙女,或者亲戚朋友给小孩子的,一般说来,都是除夕夜给的。
这笔钱也称作是压岁钱,代表长辈对晚辈的美好祝福,希望小孩在新的一年里平安、健康。
大年初一串亲戚朋友,也要给孩子送礼物和红包。
GivingredpacketsduringtheSpringFestivalisatradition.Aredpacketissimplyaredenvelopwithmoneyinit,whichsymbolizesluckandwealth.Redistheluckycolorandwillbringgoodlucktothepersonreceivingthepresent.Redpacketsareusuallyhandedouttoyoungergenerationsbytheirparents,grandparents,relatives,closeneighborsandfriends,andareusuallygiventochildrenonNewYearsEve.Themoneyisalsocalledgiftmoney,whichissymbolofgoodwishesfromtheeldersinthehopethatchildrenaresafeandhealthyinthenewyear.Startingfromthesecondday,peoplebegintogoouttovisitfriendsandrelatives,takingwiththemgiftsandredpacketsforthechildren.每年4月4日、5日或6日是清明节(theQingmingFestival)。
清明节后气温升高,雨水增多。
清明节既是中国的传统节日,也是最重要的祭祀(commemoration)节日。
在这一天,汉族和一些少数民族都会供奉祖先,为逝去的人扫墓。
清明节也是阳光明媚、草木吐绿的时节。
自古以来,人们就有清明踏青(Springoutings)的习俗。
人们还会在清明节放风筝。
这时植树树苗存活率高,之后长得也快,因此清明节也是植树的好时候。
TheQingmingFestivalfallsonApril4,or5,or6eachyear.Afterthefestival,thetemperaturerisesupandrainfallincreases.TheQingmingFestivalisnotonlyatraditionalfestivalinChina,butalsothemostimportantfestivalofcommemoration.BoththeHanpeopleandsomeminorityethnicgroupsoffersacrificestotheirancestorsandsweepthetombsofthedeceasedatthistime.TheQingmingFestivalisatimewhenthesunshinesbrightly,thetreesandgrassbecomegreen.Sinceancienttimes,peoplehavefollowedthecustomofSpringoutings.PeoplelovetoflykitesduringtheQingmingFestival.TheQingmingFestivalisalsoagoodtimetoplanttrees,forthesurvivalrateofsaplingsishighandtreesgrowfastlater.Togetasenseofhowwomenhaveprogressedinscience,takeaquicktourofthephysicsdepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Thisisastoriedplace,the1_ofsomeofthemostimportantdiscoveriesinmodernsciencestartingwithErnestLawrencesinventionofthecyclotronin1931.Agenerationago,femalefaceswere2_and,eventoday,visitorswalkingthroughthefirstfloorofLeConteHallwillseeafullcorridorofexhibits3_themanydistinguishedphysicistswhomadehistoryhere,4_allofthemwhitemales.Butclimbuptothethirdfloorandyoullseea5_display.There,amongthephotosofcurrentfacultymembersandstudents,areportraitsofthe6_headofdepartment,MarjorieShapiro,andfourotherwomenwhoseresearch7_everythingfromthemechanicsofTheuniversetothesmallestparticlesofmatter.Asixthwomanwashiredjusttwoweeksago.Althoughtheyrestillonlyabout10%ofthephysicsfaculty,womenareclearlyapresencehere.Andthereal8_maybeinthesmallerphotostotheright:
graduateandundergraduatestudents,about20percentofthemfemale.EveryyearBerkeleysendsitsfreshfemalephysicsPhDstothecountrystopuniversities.ThatmakesShapirooptimistic,butalso9_.“Ibelievethingsaregettingbetter,”shesays,“buttheyrenotgettingbetteras10_Iwouldlike.”Whatdoesittaketobeawell-trainednurse?
Theanswerusedtobetwo-yearassociatesorfour-yearbachelorsdegreeprograms.Butasthenursingshortage1_,agrowingnumberofschoolsandhospitalsareestablishing“fast-trackprograms”thatenablecollegegraduateswithnonursing2_tobecomeregisterednurseswithonlyayearorsoof3_training.In1991,therewereonly40fast-trackcurricula;nowtherearemorethan200.typicalisColumbiaUniversitysEntrytoPracticeprogram.Studentsearntheirbachelorofscienceinnursinginayear.Thosewhostayonforan4_twoyearscanearnamastersdegreethat5_themasnursepractitioners(执业护士)orclinicalnursespecialists.Manystudentsarerecent6_;othersarecareerswitchers.RudyGuardron,32,a2004graduateofColumbiasprogram,wasapremedicalstudentincollegeandthenworkedforapharmaceutical(药物的)researchcompany.AtColumbia,hewas7_asanursepractitioner.“Isawthatnurseswereinhigh8_anditlookedlikeareallygoodopportunity,”hesays.“Also,Ididntwanttobeinschoolforthatlong.”Thefast-tracktrendfillsaneed,butitsalsocreatingsome9_betweennewcomersandveterans.“Nursesthatarestillatthebedside10_thesekidswithsuspicion,”saysLindaPellico,whohastaughtnursingatYaleUniversityfor18years.“Theywonder,howcantheydoitquicker?
”Theansweristheydont.Themobilephoneisamagicdevicewidelyusedthesedays.Althoughithasbeennearly30yearssincethefirstcommercialmobile-phonenetworkwaslaunched,advertisershaveyettofigureouthowtogettheir1_outtomobile-phoneusersinabigway.Thereare2.2billioncell-phoneusersworldwide,a2_thatisgrowingbyabout25%eachyear.Yetspendingonadscarriedovercell-phonenetworkslastyear3_tojust$1.5billionworldwide,afractionofthe$424billionglobaladmarket.Butasthenumberofeyeballsgluedto4_screensmultiplies,sotoodoesthemobilephonesvalueasapocketbillboard(广告牌).Consumersare5_usingtheirphonesforthingsotherthanvoicecalls,suchastextmessages,downloadingsongsandgames,and6_theinternet.By2010,70millionAsiansareexpectedtobewatchingvideosand
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