大学英语六级议论文写作1.ppt
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大学英语六级议论文写作1.ppt
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argumentation,writing,议论文写作方法,提出议题,辨明自己的态度,观点鲜明,开门见山。
提出正反两方面的观点,形成对照的对比法。
列出错误的观点,逐条批驳的驳论法。
用推理法、归纳法得出结论。
写作类型及写作模板,现象阐释型,问题解决型,对比选择型,观点论证型,利弊评述型,I.观点论证型,要求根据题目所给的论点,按照题目要求通过摆事实、讲道理的方式对该论点进行论证或反驳。
基本结构:
1.提出要论证或反驳的论点;2.提出论据对其进行论证或反驳;3.表明自己的立场和看法。
观点论证型2015年6月六级真题,题目1:
writeanessaycommentingonthesaying“Knowledgeisatreasure,butpracticeisthekeytoit.”Youcanciteoneexampleortwotoillustrateyourpointofview.题目2:
Ihavenospecialtalents.Iamonlypassionatelycurious.,第一段:
引出论题用核心词引入+带出引言+引言的目的,Inthisconstantlychangingworld,howtoputtheknowledgeacquiredeverydayintorealityhasintriguednumerouspeople.Asaproverbgoes,“Knowledgeisatreasure,butpracticeisthekeytoit.”Apparently,thissayingaimstodeliverthemessagethatifwetrulywanttomastertheknowledgewelearn,weoughtnottostoppracticingit.,第二段:
解释引言中心句+两个原因+举例(举例应用对比法),Thereareseveralreasonsaccountableforthisstatement.Tobeginwith,humanbeingareforgetfulbeings;therefore,onlywhenweuseknowledge,makemistakes,andtrytouseitagainwillwebeabletorememberitbyourheart.Moreover,knowledgehasbecomegrowinglycomplicatedandwecanseldomgenuinelygrasptheessenceofitifwedonotpracticeitandponderitoveragainandagain.,Forinstance,thereusedtobesimplediseases,suchasthecoldandmeasles,andadoctormighthavetheknowledgetotreatallthecommonones.However,withourlivingenvironmentbecomingeverincreasinglyharsher,thediseaseshaveevolvedintoweird,irremediable,andunpredictableones.Therefore,themedicationhasbeendividedintonumerousbranches,anddoctorsofeachonehavetopracticeforyearsonlyinordertocurethediseasesbelongingtothesimilarsort.,第三段:
总结该引言的合理+两个理由+提出建议,Practicing,tosumup,isofgreatestimportanceforthosewhoaredeterminedtolearnknowledgewell.Notonlydoesitassistpeopletorememberknowledgebetter,butweareabletocatchupwiththespeedoftheevolutionofknowledge.Asastudent,Ihopethattheyoungcanfocusmoreattentiononpracticingwhattheylearnthanonrememberingitblindlysothattheknowledgewillbecomeourrealtreasureandmakeourlifemoresplendid.,Ihavenospecialtalents.Iamonlypassionatelycurious.,TheabovesayingfromEinsteinvividlyechoesapieceofquotation:
stayhungry;stayfoolish,whichisputforwardbyStevenJobs,thelateCEOofAppleInc.Undoubtedly,bothofthetwogreatmenattachimportancetocuriosity.Tosomeextent,wemaysafelymaintainthatwithoutcuriosity,withoutsuccess.,观点论证型,Inthefirstplace,curiosityisthepremiseofinnovation,whichcanbeseenasthekeytosuccess.BesidesEinstein,acaseinpointisStevenJobs,whoalwayskeepscurious,devotedtoinnovation.So,thereisnoexaggerationtosaythatthesuccessofAppleIncdoesntsurpriseusatall.Inthesecondplace,thequalityofbeingcuriousprovidesuswiththedrivetogoforward.Toputitanotherway,wherethereiscuriosity,thereisadvancement.Forexample,ifascientistdesirestomakeprogressinhisresearchfield,hemustpossessacuriousmind;otherwise,hisresearchwilleventuallygointoacorner.,SAMPLE,观点论证型,Inconclusion,itisnottoomuchtosaythatcuriosityplaysanindispensablerolebothinpersonalandcorporatesuccess.So,itiswiseforustobearinmindthegreatmenssayingsconcerningcuriosityandpracticethemasmuchaspossible.,II.现象阐述型,对某一现象进行解释说明,分析其原因并加以评论基本结构:
1.描述现象并说明其现状;2.分析这种现象的原因或批驳;3.最后提出建议或总结观点。
2014年12月六级作文,Writeanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthendiscusswhatqualitiesanemployershouldlookforinjobapplicant.Youshouldgivesoundargumentstosupportyourviews.,Accordingtothepicture,anemployerturnsdownajobapplicant,forhisdegreeislessadvancedthantheotherapplicants,eventhoughhehasagoodresume.Actually,whatsbehindthecartoonisthetendencythatemployersfocusontheapplicantsacademicperformancewhenhiring.,Noonedisputesthatacollegeorhigherdegreeopensdoors.Despitethat,Ifirmlybelievethatacademicdegreeshouldnotbetheprimarycriteriainselectingtalents.Firstofall,academicdegreesonlyrepresenttheapplicantsproficiencyintheirschoolwork,andcannotdemonstratetheirpersonalityorotherabilities.Forinstance,theresponsibilityofahumanresourcesmanageristodealwithpeople,andthusitrequiresadvancedpersonalskillwhichisbynomeansshowninthediploma.,Second,emphasisondegreesmayhinderthedevelopmentofthecompany.Theywillloserealtalentsiftheyjudgepeopleonlybytheireducationalbackground,whileitisoftenthecasethatcollegedrop-outslikeBillGates,MichaelDell,SteveJobs,etc.,runwildlysuccessfulenterprises.Therefore,insteadofrunningafterapplicantswithhigherdegrees,companiesshouldbecomemoreconcernedaboutwhatittakestodothejobandwhatacollegeeducationactuallyprovides.,对比选择型,比较两种观点或两种做法,进而表明自己对问题或事物的态度或观点。
基本结构:
1.对要评价的事物或现象进行整体介绍;2.陈述两种不同的观点或做法及其理由;3.表明自己的观点或态度。
2014年12月六级作文,Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthendiscusswhetherthereisashortcuttolearning.,Asisdepictedinthecartoon,astudentisaskingalibrarianwhetherthereisabookonhowtoperformwellinschoolwithoutlearning,andthelibrariantellsthestudentthattodowellinschoolwithoutstudyingonlyhappensinfictions.Undoubtedly,thecartoonistaimsatremindingusofafactthatthereisnoshortcuttolearning.,Therapidlivingtempoinfluencesourlifedeeply,butwhilerunningafterhigh-efficiency,weshouldholdacorrectattitudetowardlearning,becauselearningrequireslong-termandpains-takingeffortanddiligence.Infact,hardlycanweachievesuccesswithoutpersisitentlearningattitude.Ascompetitioninalllinesofworkgrowsincreasinglyfierce,wemustdefeatourrivalsthroughdiligentlearning.Numerousexamplesavailablecanbegiven,butacaseinpointisThomasEdison,whoin1879,aftermorethan1,000trials,eventuallyinventedaninexpensivealternativetocandles:
thelamp.Edisonsstoryvividlyechoesawell-knownproverbRomeisnotbuiltinoneday.,Hence,itisvitalforustoderivepositiveimplicationsfromtheabovepicture.Foronething,weshouldfrequentlyuseittoenlightentheyoung.Foranother,weshouldcultivatetheirawarenessthatcorrectandproperlearningattitudecarriesgreatimportance.Onlybydoingso,cantheyoungergenerationbecomewinnersinthefaceoflearningandlife.,议论文段落总结,引入段(IntroductoryParagraph)1、背景1)直接引入法2)提问或名言警句2、观点的表达,somemethodsofintroduction:
(1)Beginwithabroad,generalstatementofyourtopicandnarrowitdowntoyourthesisstatement;
(2)Startwithanideaorasituationthatistheoppositeoftheoneyouwilldevelop;(3)Explaintheimportanceofyourtopictothereader;(4)Useanincidentorabriefstory;(5)Askoneormorequestions;(6)Useaquotation.摘自美国大学英语写作,主体段(BodyParagraph),主题句(TopicSentence)论证点支撑句(SupportingS.)论据两类论据:
分析性论据实例性论据,段落发展方式,1)分类Booksareanimportantpartofmanypeopleslivesintheworldtoday.Withinthewidevarietyoftopicsthatbooksarewritten,theycanbebroadlyclassifiedintofictionandnon-fiction.Thesetwotypeseachhavetheirownmeritsanditwouldnotbefairtoonlyreadabout“realevents,realpeople”,whentherecanbesomuchtolearnfromimaginaryeventsandimaginarypeople.,2)举例,Buttoomuchsport,orimproperguidance,canbeharmful.Beingtooinvolvedusuallyresultsinthechildfeelingtiredallthetime,orhavingsportstakinguptoomuchtimethatwasoriginallymeantforstudyorplay.Childrencaneasilygettooworkedupincompetitionsandifthisgoeswithoutsteering,thechildmaydevelopwrongviewstowardswinningandlosing,andlifeingeneral.Itmayalsobeharmfultowardsachildsbody.Gymnastics,forinstance,isknowntobeharshtowardsthegymnasts,bodiesusuallyendingthemupsmallandshort.Manysportsaredangerous,andchildrenmaybecrippledwheninjuredinthecourseofgame.,3)对比,Dissatisfactionandapermanentneedorwantstartsataveryyoungage.Evenwhilewearebabies,wewantthistoy,andthatdoll,andnomatterhowmanyofthemwehaveweaskformore.Scientistssaythatwhenababyisgivenafamiliartoy,heorshewillplaywithit,butafterawhile,heorshewillgetusedtoitandbecomelessenthusiastic.Whileontheotherhand,whenababyisgivenanewtoy,heorshewillhavetoplaywithitforacoupleofdays,andheorshewillbeveryinteresteduntilagainheorshewillgetaccustomedtoitandanewtoywilltakeitsplace.Thingsthatwedonotownordidnotseebeforelookmoreattractivetousthantheonesthatwehave.,4)问答,Whydosomepeoplethinkthatworkingwithobjectsormachinesismoreadvantageousthanworkingwithpeople?
Foronething,objectsormachinesareeasiertodealwith.Sincebothobjectsandmachineshavenowills,theydonotarguewithus.Onthecontrary,theyarealwaysreadytofollowourdirections.Foranother,objectsormachinesarereliable.Unlikepeoplewhosometimeshurtourfeelings,theynevercheatus.Inaddition,Isuppose,thesepeoplecannotadaptthemselvestothehumanworldofcompetition.,5)因果,Peoplevary,andthatiswhyyouoftenfindvariousapproachestolife.Forthosewhoarecontentwiththedirectiontheirlifeisheading,theideaofchangewouldprobablysendshiversthroughthem.ThisisduetothefactthattheyareatapointwheretheyaresatisfiedwiththewaytheyhavemaximizedtheirGod-givenpotential.Thatisapositivereasonfordreadingchange.,6)类比,Theperfectshortstoryiswrittenwithapoetssensitivityforlanguage,withapoetsprecision.Theshapeandsoundsandrhythmsofthewordsaremorecommonlypartoftheeffectthattheyusuallyareinthenovel.Justasinapoem,thebarewordsthemselvesareneverthecompletemeaning.The
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