职称英语教材(理工类)完形填空新增内容.doc
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职称英语教材(理工类)完形填空新增内容.doc
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2012年职称英语教材(理工类)完形填空新增内容
第三篇:
GermsonBanknotes
Peopleindifferentcountriesusedifferenttypesof 1 :
yuaninChina,pesosinMexico,poundsintheUnitedKingdom,dollarsintheUnitedStates,AustraliaandNewZealand.
Theymayuse 2 currencies,butthesecountries,andprobablyallcountries,stillhaveone
thingincommon:
Germsonthebanknotes.Scientistshavebeenstudyingthegermsonmoneyforwellover100years.Attheturnofthe
20th 3 ,someresearchersbegantosuspectthatgermslivingonmoneycouldsprea disease.
Moststudiesofgermymoneyhavelookedatthegermsonthecurrency 4 country.Inanewstudy,FrankVriesekoopandotherresearcherscomparedthegermpopulationsfoundonbillsofdifferent 5 .
Vriesekoop isamicrobiologistattheUniversityofBallaratinAustralia.Heledthestudy,whichcomparedthegermpopulationsfoundonmoney 6 from10nations.Thescientists
studied1,280banknotesintotal;allcamefromplaceswherepeoplebuyfood,likesupermarkets,streetvendorsandcafes, 7 thosebusinessesoftenrelyoncash. Overall,theAustraliandollarshostedthefewestlivebacteria—nomorethan10persquare centimeter.Chineseyuanhadthemost——about100persquarecentimeter.Mostofthegermson moneyprobablywouldnotcauseharm.
Whatwecall“papermoney”usuallyisn’tmadefrompaper.TheU.S.dollar,forexample,
Inprintonfabricthatismostly 8 Differentcountriesmayusedifferent 9 toprinttheirmoney.SomeofthecurrenciesstudiedbyVriesekoopandhis 10 ,suchasthe Americandollar,weremadefromcotton.Othersweremadefrompolymers.
The three 11 withthelowestnumbersofbacteriawereallprintedonpolymers.TheyincludedtheAustraliandollar,theNewZealanddollarandsomeMexicanpesos.Theothercurrencieswereprintedonfabricmade 12 of cotton.Fewergermslivedonthepolymernotes.Thisconnectionsuggeststhat 13 haveahardertimestayingaliveonpolymersurfaces.Scientistsneedtodomorestudiestounderstandhowgermsliveonmoney—and whetherornotweneedtobeconcerned.Vriesekoopisnowstartingastudythatwill 14 theamountsoftimebacteriacanstayaliveondifferenttypesofbills.WhateverVriesekoopfinds,thefactremains:
Papermoneyharborsgerms.Weshouldwash our 15 aftertouchingitafterall,youneverknowwhereyourmoney’sbeen.Orwhat’s livingonit.
第十篇 ChickenSoupfortheSoul:
ComfortFoodFightsLoneliness
Mashedpotatoes,macaroniandcheese,maybebadforyourarteries. 1 accordingtoastudyin PsychologicalScience,they’regoodforyourheartand 2 .Thestudyfocuseson“comfortfood”andhowitmakespeoplefeel.
“Forme 3 ,foodhasalwaysplayedabigroleinmyfamily,”saysJordanTroisi,a graduatestudentattheUniversityofBuffalo,andleadauthoronthestudy.Thestudycameout oftheresearchprogramofhisco—authorShiraGabriel.Ithas 4 non-humanthingsthat mayaffecthumanemotions.Somepeoplereducelonelinessbybondingwiththeir 5 TV show,buildingvirtualrelationshipswithapopsongsingerorlookingatpicturesoflovedones.TroisiandGabrielwonderedifcomfortfoodcouldhavethesameeffect 6 makingpeople
thinkoftheirnearestanddearest. Inoneexperiment,inordertomake 7 feellonely,theresearchershadthemwritefor sixminutesaboutafightwithsomeoneclosetothem.Othersweregivenanemotionallyneutral writingassignment.Then,somepeopleineach 8 wroteabouttheexperienceofeatinga comfortfoodandotherswroteabouteatinganewfood. 9 ,theresearchershad participants 10 questionsabouttheirlevelsofloneliness.
Writingaboutafightwithaclosepersonmadepeoplefeellonely.Butpeoplewhowere generally 11 in theirrelationshipswouldfeellesslonelybywritingaboutacomfortfood.“Wehavefoundthatcomfortfoodsareconsistentlyassociatedwiththoseclosetous.”saysTroisi.“Thinkingaboutorconsumingthesefoodslaterthenservesasareminderofthosecloseothers.”In 12 essaysoncomfortfood,manypeoplewroteaboutthe 13 ofeatingfoodwithfamilyandfriends. In anotherexperiment, 14 chickensoupinthelabmadepeoplethinkmoreabout relationships,butonlyiftheyconsideredchickensouptobeacomfortfood.Thiswasaquestion theyhadbeenaskedlongbeforetheexperiment,alongwithmanyotherquestions,sotheywouldn’trememberit. Throughouteveryone’sdailylivestheyexperiencestress,oftenassociatedwithour 15 withothers,“Troisisays.”ComfortfoodCanbeaneasyremedyforloneliness.
练习:
1.A but Bif Cthough Dwhile
2.A personality Bmovement Cemotions D will
3.A privately Busefully Cawfully Dpersonally
4.A lookedfor Blookedat C lookedafter D lookedup
5.A favorite Btrustful Cboring Dannoying
6.A with Bon Cby Dat
7.A professors Bparticipants Cassistants D scientists
8.A group Bclass CsectionDpart
9.A Previously BFormally CInitially DFinally
10.A remember Bexplain C rewrite D complete
11.A sad Bsecure Cshy Dangry
12.A your Bour Chis Dtheir
13.A accident Bharm Cexperience D model
14.A eating Bexchanging Cbuying Dkeeping
l5.A expressions Bestimation CcooperationD connections
第十一篇 ClimateChangePosesMajorRisksforUnpreparedCities
Anewexamlnationofurbanpolicieshasbeen 1 recentlybyPatriciaRomeroLankao.Sheisasociologistspecializinginclimatechangeand 2 development.Shewarnsthat manyoftheworld’sfast-growingurbanareas,especiallyindevelopingcountries.willlikelysuffer fromtheimpactsofchangingclimate.Herworkasoconcludesthatmostcitiesarefailingto 3 emissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhouse 4 .These gasesareknown toaffecttheatmosphere.“Climatechangeisadeeplylocalissueandposesprofoundthreatstothegrowingcitiesoftheworld,”saysRomeroLankao.“Buttoofewcitiesaredevelopingeffective
strategiesto 5 theirresidents."
Citiesare 6 sourcesofgreenhousegases.Andurbanpopulationsarelikelytobeamongthosemostseverelyaffectedbyfutureclimatechange.Lankao’sfindings highlightwaysinwhichcity-residentsareparticularlyvulnerable,andsuggestpolicyinterventionsthatcouldofferimmediateandlonger-term 7 .
Thelocationsanddenseconstructionpatternsofcitiesoftenplacetheirpopulatlonsatgreaterriskfornaturaldisasters.Potential 8 associatedwithclimateincludestormsurgesand prolongedhotweather.Stormsurgescanfloodcoastalareasandprolongedhotweathecanheat 9 pavedcitiesmorethansurroundingareas.Theimpactsofsuchnaturaleventscanbemoreseriousinanurbanenvironment.Forexample,aprolongedheatwavecanincreaseexisting levelsofairpollution,causing widespreadhealthproblems.Poorerneighborhoodsthat may 10 basicfacilitiessuchasdrinkingwateroradependablenetworkofroads,areespecially
vnlnerabletonaturaldisasters.Manyresidentsinpoorercountriesliveinsubstandardhousing 11 accesstoreliabledrinkingwater,roadsandbasicservices.
Localgovernments, 12 ,shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheirresidents.“Unfortunately,theytendtomovetowardsrhetoric 13 meaningfulresponses, RomeroLankaowrites.“Theydon’timposeconstructionstandardsthatcouldreduceheatingandairconditioningneeds.Theydon'temphasizemasstransitandreduce 14 use.lnfact,manylocal governments aretaking ahands—off approach.”Thus,sheurgesthemto change tneir 15 policiesandtotakestrongstepstopreventtheharmfuleffectsofclimatechangeoncities.
1.Acarryalong Bcarriedaway Ccarriedout Dcarriedback
2.Aeconomic Bindustrial C rural Durban
3.Areduce Bincrease Cstudy Dmeasure
4.Acrops Bgases Cfruits DPlant5
5.Aeducate Bevaluate Cprotect Didentify
6.Adoubtful Bpossible Crepeatable Dmajor
7.Auses Bchances Ccures Dbenefits
8.Athreats Binterests Cfunctions Ddifferences
9.Alocally Bheavily Csuddenly Dmildly
l0.Aprovide Bimprove Clack Dupdate
11.Awithout Bwith Cin Don
12.A moreover Btherefore Chowever Dthough
13.Aotherthan Bmorethan Clessthan Dratherthan
14.Atrain B automobile C bus D bike
15.Aidle Bsmart Cbusy Dsecure
第十二篇 FreeStatinsWithFastFoodCouldNeutralizeHeartRisk
Fastfoodoutletscouldprovidestatindrugsfreeof 1 sothatcustomerscanreducetheheartdiseasedangersoffattyfood,researchersatImperialCollegeLondon 2 in anew
study.
Statinsreducethe 3 ofunhealthy“LDL”cholesterolintheblood.Awealthoftrial datahasproventhemtobehighlyeffectiveatloweringaperson’sheartattack 4 .
Inapaperpublishedinthe AmericanJournalofCardiology,DrDarrelFrancisandcolleaguescalculatethatthereductioninheartattackriskofferedbyastatinis 5 tooffsettheincreaseinheartattackriskfrom 6 a cheeseburgeranddrinkingamilkshake.
DrFrancis,fromtheNationalHeartandLungInstituteatImperialCollegeLondon,whoistheseniorauthorofthestudy,said:
“Statinsdon’tcutouta11ofthe 7 effectsofcheeseburgersandFrenchfries.It’sbettertoavoidfattyfoodaltogether.Butwe’veworkedoutthatintermsofyour 8 ofhavingaheartattack,takingastatincanreduceyourrisktomoreorlessthesame 9 asafastfoodmealincreasesit.” “It’sironicthatpeoplearefreetotakeasmanyunhealthvcondimentsinfastfoodoutletsas they 10
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