1、2012年职称英语教材（理工类）完形填空新增内容第三篇：Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of1：yuan in China，pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom，dollars in the United States，Australia and New ZealandThey may use2currencies，but these countries，and probably all countries，still have onet
2、hing in common：Germs on the banknotesScientists have been studying the germs on money for well over 100 yearsAt the turn of the20th3，some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spreadiseaseMost studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency4countryIn a new stu
3、dy，Frank Vriesekoop and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different5Vriesekoopis a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in AustraliaHe led the study，which compared the germ populations found on money6from 10 nationsThe scientistsstudied 1,280 banknotes in tota
4、l; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets,street vendors and cafes,7those businesses often rely on cash.Overall，the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteriano more than 10 per squarecentimeterChinese yuan had the mostabout 100 per square centimeterMost of the germs o
5、nmoney probably would not cause harmWhat we call “paper money” usually isnt made from paperThe USdollar，for example，In print on fabric that is mostly8Different countries may use different9to print their moneySome of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his10，such as theAmerican dollar，were made
6、from cottonOthers were made from polymersThethree11with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymersThey included the Australian dollar，the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesosThe other currencies were printed on fabric made12ofcotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This
7、 connection suggests that13have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on moneyandwhether or not we need to be concernedVriesekoop is now starting a study that will14the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different typ
8、es of billsWhatever Vriesekoop finds，the fact remains：Paper money harbors germsWe should washour1 5after touching it after all, you never know where your moneys beenOr whatsliving on it第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes，macaroni and cheese，may be bad for your
9、arteries1according to a study inPsychological Science，theyre good for your heart and2The study focuses on“comfort food”and how it makes people feel“For me3，food has always played a big role in my family，”says Jordan Troisi, agraduate student at the University of Buffalo，and lead author on the studyT
10、he study came outof the research program of his coauthor Shira GabrielIt has4non-human things thatmay affect human emotionsSome people reduce loneliness by bonding with their5TVshow，building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved onesTroisi and Gabriel wondered
11、if comfort food could have the same effect6making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment，in order to make7feel lonely，the researchers had them write forsix minutes about a fight with someone close to themOthers were given an emotionally neutralwriting assignmentThen，some people i
12、n each8wrote about the experience of eating acomfort food and others wrote about eating a new food9，the researchers hadparticipants10questions about their levels of lonelinessWriting about a fight with a close person made people feel lonelyBut people who weregenerally11intheir relationships would fe
13、el less lonely by writing about a comfort food“We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us”says Troisi“Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others”In12essays on comfort food，many people wrote about the13of eati
14、ng food with family and friendsInanother experiment，14chicken soup in the lab made people think more aboutrelationships，but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort foodThis was a questionthey had been asked long before the experiment，along with many other questions, so they wouldnt reme
15、mber itThroughout everyones daily lives they experience stress，often associated with our15with others，“Troisi says”Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness练习：1AbutB ifC thoughD while2ApersonalityB movementC emotionsDwill3AprivatelyB usefullyC awfullyD personally4Alooked forB looked atClooke
16、d afterDlooked up5AfavoriteB trustfulC boringD annoying6AwithB onC byD at7AprofessorsB participantsC assistantsDscientists8AgroupB classC section D part9APreviouslyB FormallyC InitiallyD Finally10ArememberB explainCrewriteDcomplete11AsadB secureC shyD angry12AyourB ourC hisD their13AaccidentB harmC
17、experienceDmodel14AeatingB exchangingC buyingD keepingl 5AexpressionsB estimationC cooperation Dconnections第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared CitiesA new examlnation of urban policies has been1recently by Patricia Romero LankaoShe is a sociologist specializing in climate change and2
18、developmentShe warns thatmany of the worlds fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countrieswill likely sufferfrom the impacts of changing climateHer work aso concludes that most cities are failing to3emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse4These gasesare knownto affect the atmos
19、phere“Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world，”says Romero Lankao“But too few cities are developing effectivestrategies to5their residents.Cities are6sources of greenhouse gasesAnd urban populations are likely to be among those most severe
20、ly affected by future climate changeLankaos findingshighlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable，and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term7The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populatlons at greater risk for
21、 natural disastersPotential8associated with climate include storm surges andprolonged hot weatherStorm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weathe can heat9paved cities more than surrounding areasThe impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environmentFor example，a
22、prolonged heat wave can increase existinglevels of air pollution，causingwidespread health problemsPoorer neighborhoods thatmay10basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especiallyvnlnerable to natural disastersMany residents in poorer countries live in substandard
23、 housing11access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments，12，should take measures to protect their residents.“Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric13meaningful responses，Romero Lankao writes“They dont impose construction standards that could reduce heating and
24、 air conditioning needsThey dont emphasize mass transit and reduce14use. ln fact，many localgovernmentsare takinga handsoffapproach”Thus，she urges them tochangetneir15policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.1A carry alongB carried awayC carried out
25、D carried back2A economicB industrialCruralD urban3A reduceB increaseC studyD measure4A cropsB gasesC fruitsD Plant55A educateB evaluateC protectD identify6A doubtfulB possibleC repeatableD major7A usesB chancesC curesD benefits8A threatsB interestsC functionsD differences9A locallyB heavilyC sudden
26、lyD mildlyl0A provideB improveC lackD update11A withoutB withC inD on12AmoreoverB thereforeC howeverD though13A other thanB more thanC less thanD rather than14A trainBautomobileCbusDbike15A idleB smartC busyD secure第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could pr
27、ovide statin drugs free of1so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food，researchers at Imperial College London2ina newstudyStatins reduce the3of unhealthy“LDL”cholesterol in the bloodA wealth of trialdata has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart atta
28、ck4In a paper published in theAmerican Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is5to offset the increase in heart attack risk from6acheeseburger and drinking a milkshakeDr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung In
29、stitute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study，said：“Statins dont cut out a11 of the7effects of cheeseburgers and French friesIts better to avoid fatty food altogetherBut weve worked out that in terms of your8of having a heart attack，taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same9as a fast food meal increases it”“Its ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets asthey10
