职称英语完形填空字典版理工类.docx
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职称英语完形填空字典版理工类.docx
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职称英语完形填空字典版理工类
(理工类)14年完形填空需要更多复习资料请联系QQ693470280
第一篇CaptainCookArrowLegend(库克船长弓箭的传说)
Itwasagreatlegendwhileitlasted,butDNAtestinghasfinallyendedatwo-century-oldstoryoftheHawaiianarrowcarvedfromtheboneofBritishexplorerCaptainJamesCookwhodiedintheSandwichIslandsin1779.
“ThereisnoCookintheAustralianMuseum,”museumcollectionmanagerJudePhilipsaidnotlongagoinannouncingtheDNAevidencethatthearrowwasnotmadeofCook’sbone.Butthatwillnotstopthemuseumfromcontinuingtodisplaythearrowinitsexhibition,“Uncovered:
TreasuresoftheAustralianMuseum,”whichdoesincludeafeathercapepresentedtoCookbyHawaiianKingKalani’opu’uin1778.
CookwasoneofBritain’sgreatexplorersandiscreditedwithdiscoveringthe“GreatSouthLand,”nowAustralia,in1770.HewasclubbedtodeathintheSandwichIslands,nowHawaii.
ThelegendofCook’sarrowbeganin1824whenHawaiianKingKamehamehaonhisdeathbedgavethearrowtoWilliamAdams,aLondonsurgeonandrelativeofCook’swife,sayingitwasmadeofCook’sboneafterthefatalfightwithislanders.
Inthe1890sthearrowwasgiventotheAustralianMuseumandthelegendcontinueduntilitcameface-to-facewithscience.
DNAtestingbylaboratoriesinAustraliaandNewZealandrevealedthearrowwasnotmadeofCook’sbonebutwasmorelikelymadeofanimalbone,saidPhilp.
However,Cook’sfansrefusetogiveuphopethatoneCooklegendwillprovetrueandthatpartofhisremainswillstillbeuncovered,astheysaythereisevidencenotallofCook’sbodywasburiedatseain1779.“Onthisoccasiontechnologyhaswon,”saidCliffThornton,presidentoftheCaptainCookSociety,inastatementfromBritain.“ButIamsurethatoneofthesedays…oneoftheCooklegendswillprovetobetrueanditwillhappenoneday.”
AvalancheandItsSafety(雪崩和安全问题)
Anavalancheisasuddenandrapidflowofsnow,oftenmixedwithairandwater,downamountainside.Avalanchesareamongthebiggestdangersinthemountainsforbothlifeandproperty.
Allavalanchesarecausedbyanover-burdenofmaterial,typicallysnowpack,thatistoomassiveandunstablefortheslopethatsupportsit.Determiningthecriticalload,theamountofover-burdenwhichislikelytocauseanavalanche,isacomplextaskinvolvingtheevaluationofanumberoffactors.
Terrainslopesflatterthan25degreesorsteeperthan60degreestypicallyhavealowriskofavalanche.Snowdoesnotgathersignificantlyonsteepslopes;also,snowdoesnotfloweasilyonflatslopes.Human-triggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow’sangleofrestisbetween35and45degrees;thecriticalangle,theangleatwhichthehumanincidenceofavalanchesisgreatest,is38degrees.Theruleofthumbis:
Aslopethatisflatenoughtoholdsnowbutsteepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalanche,regardlessoftheangle.Additionally,avalancheriskincreaseswithuse;thatis,themoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiers,thdmorelikelyitisthatanavalanchewilloccur.
Duetothecomplexityofthesubject,wintertravellinginthebackcountryisnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafetyisacontinuousprocess,includingrouteselectionandexaminationofthesnowpack,weatherconditions,andhumanfactors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalsoreducetherisk.Iflocalauthoritiesissueavalancheriskreports,theyshouldbeconsideredandallwarningsshouldbepaidattentionto.Neverfollowinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsarealmostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainandnoteobviousavalanchepathswhereplantsaremissingordamaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeranavalanche.
GiantStructures(巨型建筑)
Itisanimpossibletasktoselectthemostamazingwondersofthemodernworldsinceeveryyearmorewonderfulconstructionsappear.Herearethreegiantstructureswhichareworthyofouradmirationalthoughtheymayhavebeensurpassedbysomemorerecentwonders.
ThePetronasTwinTower
ThepetronasTowerswerethetallestbuildingsintheworldwhentheywerecompletedin1999.Withaheightof452metres;thetalltwinowers,liketwothinpencils,dominatethecityofKualaLumpur.Atthe41flool,thetowersarelinkedbyabridge,symbolizingagatewaytothecity.TheAmericanarchitectCesarPellidesignedtheskyscrapers.
Constructedofhigh-strengthconcrete,thebuildingprovidesaround1800squaremetresofofficespaceoneveryfloor.Andithasashoppingcentreandaconcerthallatthebase.Otherfeaturesofthisimpressivebuildingincludedouble-deckderlifts,andglassandsteelsunshades.
TheMillauBridge
TheMillauBridgewasopenedin2004intheTarnValley,insouthernFrance.Atthetimeitwasbuilt,itwastheworld’shighestbridge,reachingover340matthehighestpoint.Thebridgeisdescribedasoneofthemostamazinglybeautifulbridgeintheworld.ItwasbuilttorelieveMillau’scongestionproblems.ThecongestionwasthencausedbytrafficpassingfromParistoBarcelonainSpain.Thebridgewasbuilttowithstandthemostextremeseismicandclimaticconditions.Besides,itisguaranteedfor120years!
TheItaipuDam
TheItaipuhydroelectricpowerplantisoneofthelargestconstructionsofitskindintheworld.ItconsistsofaseriesofdamsacrosstheRiverParana,whichformsanaturalborderbetweenBrazilandParaguay.Startedin1975andtaking16yearstocomplete,theconstructionwascarriedoutasajointprojectbetweenthetwocountries.Thedamiswell-knownforbothitselectricityoutputanditssize.In1995itproduced78%ofParaguay’sand25%ofBrazil’senergyneeds.Initsconstruction,theamountofironandsteelusedwasequivalenttoover300EiffelTowers.Itisatrulyamazingwonderofengineering.
Animal’s“SixthSense”(动物的”第六感”)
AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember,2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals,however,seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa“sixthsense”fordisasters,expertssaid.
SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24000peoplealongtheIndianOceanisland’scoastclearlymissedwildbeasts,withnodeadanimalsfound.
“Noelephantsaredead,notevenadeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscansensedisaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening,”H.D.Ratnayake,deputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartment,saidaboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.Thewaveswashedfloodwatersupto2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheast,SriLanka’sbiggestwildlifereserveandhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards.
“Therehasbeenalotofapparentevidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven,”saidMatthewvanlierop,ananimalbehaviorspecialistatJohannesburgZoo.
“Therehavebeennospecificstudiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting,”hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurredwiththisassessment.
“Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertainphenomenon,especiallybirds…therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpendingdisasters,”saidCliveWalker,whohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.
Animalscertainlyrelyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchaspredators.
Thenotionofananimal“sixthsense”–orsomeothermythicalpower–isanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka’sravagedcoastislikelytoaddto.
TheRomanssawowlsasomensofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowersorattributes.
SingingAlarmsCouldSavetheBlind(警报器救盲人)
Ifyoucannotsee,youmaynotbeabletofindyourwayoutofaburningbuilding–andthatcouldbefatal.AcompanyinLeedscouldchangeallthatwithdirectionalsoundalarmscapalbeofguidingyoutotheexit.
SoundAlert,acompanyrunbytheUniversityofLeeds,isinstallingthealarmsinaresidentialhomeforblindpeopleinSommersetandaresourcecentrefortheblindinCumbria.Thealarmsproduceawiderangeoffrequenciesthatenablethebraintodeterminewherethesoundiscomingfrom.
DeborahWithingtonofSoundAlertsaysthatthealarmsusemostofthefrequenciesthatcanbeheardbyhumans.“Itisaburstofwhitenoisethatpeoplesaysoundslikestaticontheradio,”shesays.“Itslife-savingpotentialisgreat.”
Sheconductedanexperimentinwhichpeoplewerefilmedbythermal-imagingcamerastryingtofindtheirwayoutofalargesmoke-filledroom.Ittookthemnearlyfourminutestofindthedoorwithoutasoundalarm,butonly15secondswithone.
Withingtonstudieshowthebrainprocessessoundsattheuniversity.Shesaysthatthesourceofawidebandoffrequenciescanbepinpointedmoreeasilythanthesourceofanarrowband.Alarmsbasedonthesameconcepthavealreadybeeninstalledonemergencyvehicles.
Thealarmswillalsoincluderisingorfallingfrequenciestoindicatewhetherpeopleshouldgoupordownstairs.TheyweredevelopedwiththeaidofalargegrantfromBritishNuclearFuels.
CarThievesCouldBeStoppedRemotely(远程制止偷车贼)
Speedingoffinastolencar,thethiefthinkshehasgotagreatcatch.Butheisinanastysurprise.Thecarisfittedwitharemoteimmobilizer,andaradiosignalfromacontrolcentermilesawaywillensurethatoncethethiefswitchestheengineoff,hewillnotbeabletostartitagain.
Fornow,suchdevicesareonlyavailableforfleetsoftrucksandspecialistvehiclesusedonconstructionsites.Butremoteimmobilization
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