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版高考英语一轮复习第1部分人与自我主题群1生活与学习主题语境5认识自我丰富自我完善自我2教师
主题语境(五) 认识自我,丰富自我,完善自我
(2)
阅读理解
A (2020·某某卷·D)
Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance:
curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.
Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?
Why?
Why?
”
Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon'thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.
“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild'sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.
Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.
Howshouldyoustart?
Modestly,soasnottobeediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn'tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Nowsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.
Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven'tanyspecialability?
Mostpeopledon't;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven'tanytime?
That'sgood,becauseit'salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom'sCabinwhilecooking.You'retooold?
RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.
Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou'llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文,经过多年对人性的观察,作者认为有两个品质造成了有成就的人和平庸的人之间的差异——好奇心和不满足。
作者通过讲事实、摆道理等来论证自己的观点,并介绍了如何重获好奇心和不满足。
1.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.
A.proposeadefinition
B.makeaparison
C.reachaconclusion
D.presentanargument
D [写作意图题。
作者在第一段抛出观点“人的好奇心和不满足造成了有成就的人和平庸的人之间的差异”,下文围绕该观点展开,作者通过讲事实、摆道理等来论证自己的观点,所以作者写第一段是为了提出论点。
]
2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?
A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.
B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.
C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.
D.Greatnessesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.
D [推理判断题。
根据题干中的Galileo可定位到第二段。
根据该段内容可知,好奇心和不满足这些驱策力比有抱负重要得多,像伽利略一样,历史上所有的杰出的名人都有好奇心,并不满足地追寻原因,由此可知,作者举伽利略的例子是为了告诉我们伟大来自持久的探索欲望。
故选择D项。
]
3.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?
A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.
B.Developaquestioningmind.
C.Leadalifeofadventure.
D.Followthefashion.
B [细节理解题。
根据第四段内容可知,我们不再问问题,不再挑战习俗,只是随大流。
从相反的角度讲,我们要重新获得好奇心和不满足就应该培养问问题的头脑。
所以选择B项。
]
4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?
A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubeeanexpert.
B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.
C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.
D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.
C [细节理解题。
根据第七段中的“Youhaven'tanyspecialability?
...whogetthingsdone.”可知,作者针对缺乏特殊才能、无时间的理由一一反驳,由此可知,缺少天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由。
故选择C项。
]
5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContented
B.ReflectionsonHumanNature
C.TheKeystoAchievement
D.NeverTooLatetoLearn
C [主旨大意题。
作者在第一段抛出观点“人的好奇心和不满足造成了有成就的人和平庸的人之间的差异”,下文围绕该观点展开,作者通过讲事实、摆道理等来论证自己的观点,并介绍了如何重获好奇心和不满足。
所以C项“成就的秘诀”最适合作文章标题。
]
B (2018·卷·A)
MyFirstMarathon(马拉松)
Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.
Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.
TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutpetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!
Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.
Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!
Atmile3,Ipassedasign:
“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!
”
Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.
Bymile21,Iwasstarving!
AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.
Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!
AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.
Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”.
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇记叙文。
文章讲述了作者第一次跑马拉松,凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。
6.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor________.
A.waswelltrained
B.feltscared
C.madeuphismindtorun
D.losthope
C [细节理解题。
根据文章第一段最后一句“Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.”可知,马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短,但作者仍下定决心参赛。
故选C。
]
7.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?
A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.
B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.
C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.
D.Toshareapreciousmemory.
C [推理判断题。
根据文章第二段最后两句“Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas‘notathletic’.”可知,作者提到7年级的事情是为了说明自己真的没有运动天赋。
故选C。
]
8.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?
A.Hemadeit.
B.Hequithalfway.
C.Hegotthefirstprize.
D.Hewalkedtotheend.
A [细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段前两句“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!
”可知,作者坚持到了最后,由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。
故选A。
]
9.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?
A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.
B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.
C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.
D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.
B [主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历,再根据最后一段“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa‘marathonwinner’.”可知,作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。
故选B。
]
阅读七选五
A (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
AFewTipsforSelfAcceptance
Weallwantit...toacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.1Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.
●2Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnotgoodenough.Whydoyoufollowthem?
Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?
Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.
●Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortings,ourmistakesandourfailures.3Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfapassionate(有同情心)response?
“Thatdidn'tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest.”
●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouracplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.4
●Nowthatyou'velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon'tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.5Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?
A.Feelingupsetagain?
B.Wheredoyoustart?
C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.
D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.
E.Setanintentionforselfacceptance.
F.Stopparingyourselfwithothers.
G.Whendoestheparisongamestart?
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一些自我接受的小技巧。
1.B [由空前内容可知我们都想接受并爱自己。
但有时它似乎太困难,太遥不可及。
由空后一句“Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.”可知,空处指你应从哪儿开始,B项符合语境。
]
2.F [本空是段落主题句。
由空后的两个问句可知本段主要讲不要和他人对比,故F项(别再拿自己与他人作比较)符合语境。
]
3.D [根据段落主题句可知,本段主要讲要原谅自己所犯的错误。
根据空后一句可知你会一次又一次地犯错,即你只是个人,是人都会犯错,D项符合语境。
]
4.C [本段主要讲要认识到自己的优点并列举出你的成就,由空前一句“Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.”可知,再小的事也应庆祝,C项符合语境。
]
5.A [根据空前的“listyourimperfections”“readthesewordsbacktoyourself”再结合空后内容可知,阅读描写自己缺点的词会使自己感到沮丧,A项符合语境。
]
B (2017·某某卷)
HowtoDoManontheStreetInterviews
Themanonthestreetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporterhitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot.6Butwiththesetips,yourfirstmanonthestreetinterviewexperiencecanbeeasy.
·Whenyourbossorprofessorsendsyououttodomanonthestreetinterviewsforastory,thinkaboutthetopicanddevelopalistofabouttengeneralquestionsrelatingtoit.Forexample,ifyourtopicisaboutenvironmentalproblemsinAmerica,youmightask,“WhydoyouthinkenvironmentalprotectionisimportantinAmerica?
”7
·Hitthestreetswithconfidence.8Say,“Excuseme,IworkforXYZNews,andIwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic.”Thisisaquickwaytogetpeopletowarmuptoyou.
·Moveontothenextpersonifsomeonetellsyousheisnotinterestedintalkingoncamera.Don'tgetdiscouraged.
·9Eachinterviewthatyougetonthestreetshouldn'tbelongerthantenminut
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