英文翻译完成.docx
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英文翻译完成.docx
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英文翻译完成
襄樊学院
毕业设计(论文)英文翻译
专业
工业工程
班级
工业0811班
姓名
温雷
学号
08123149
指导教师
熊伟
时间
2012年5月21日
英文原文:
database
Databaseisinaccordancewiththedatastructuretoorganize,storageandmanagementofdatawarehouse,whicharisesfromfiftyyearsago,withthedatingofinformationtechnologyandthedevelopmentofthemarket,especiallysincethe1990s,datamanagementisnolongermerelydatastorageandmanagement,andtransformedintouserneedsofthevariousdatamanagementway.Thedatabasehasavarietyoftypes,fromthemostsimplestoragehavevariousdataformtocanbecarriedoutmassdatastorageoflargedatabasesystemsareobtainedineachaspecthasextensiveapplication.
Thebirthofdatamanagement
Database'shistorycanbetracedbacktofiftyyearsago,whenthedatamanagementisverysimple.Throughalotofclassification,comparisonandformrenderingmachinerunningmillionsofpunchedCARDSfordataprocessing,itsoperationresultsonpaperprintedorpunchedcardmadenew.Whilethedatamanagementispunchedcardforallthesephysicalstorageandhandling.However,1951yearRemingtonRandcorporation(RemingtonRandInc.)anenzymecalledUnivacIcomputerlaunchedaasecondcaninputhundredsofrecordingtapedrives,whichhascauseddatamanagementrevolution.1956IBMproducethefirstdiskdrives--theRAMACModel305.Thisdriveshave50blanks,eachblanksdiameteris2feet,canstore5MBofdata.Thebiggestadvantageisusediskcanberandomlyaccessdata,andpunchedCARDSandtapecanorderaccessdata.
Databasesystemappearsinthe1960sthebud.Whencomputerbegantowidelyusedindatamanagement,thesharingofdataputforwardmoreandmorehighdemand.Thetraditionalfilesystemalreadycannotsatisfypeople'sneeds.Manageandsharedatacanunifythedatabasemanagementsystem(DBMS)cameintobeing.Thedatamodelisthecoreandfoundationofdatabasesystem,variousDBMSsoftwarearebasedonadatamodel.Sousuallyinaccordancewiththecharacteristicsofthedatamodelandthetraditionaldatabasesystemintomeshdatabase,thehierarchydatabaseandrelationaldatabasethreetypes.
Structuredquerylanguage(SQL)
In1974,IBM'sRayBoyceandDonChamberlinwillCoddrelationaldatabase12rulemathematicaldefinitionwithsimplekeywordgrammarexpressioncomesout,putforwardthelandmarkStructuredQueryLanguage(SQL)Language.SQLlanguagefeaturesincludeinquiry,manipulation,definitionandcontrol,isacomprehensive,generalrelationaldatabaselanguage,andatthesametime,ahighlytheprocessoflanguage,onlyrequestusersdonotneedpointedouthowdopointedout.SQLintegrationachieveddatabaseofalllifecycleoperation.SQLdatabaseprovidesandrelationsinteractwiththemethod,itcanworkwithstandardprogramminglanguage.Thedateoftheproduce,SQLlanguagebecamethetouchstoneofinspectionrelationaldatabase,andSQLstandardeveryvariationofguidingtherelationaldatabaseproductdevelopmentdirection.However,untilthetwentiethcentury,themid1970stothetheoryofrelationincommercialdatabaseOracleandSQLusedinDB2.
In1986,theSQLasANSIrelationaldatabaselanguageAmericanstandards,thatsameyearannouncedthestandardSQLtext.CurrentlySQLstandardhasthreeversions.ANSIX3135-isdefinedasthebasicSQLDatabaseLanguage-89,"Enhancement"SQL.AANS89][,generallycalledSQL-89.SQL-89definestheschemadefinition,dataoperationandthetransaction.SQL-89andsubsequentANSIX3168-1989,"Language-EmbeddedSQLDatabase,constitutedthefirstgenerationofSQLstandard.ANSIX3135-1992[ANS92]describesaenhancementsofSQL,nowcalledSQL-92standards.SQL-92includingmodeoperation,dynamiccreationandSQLstatementsdynamicexecutive,networkenvironmentsupportenhancement.UponcompletionofSQL-92ANSIandISOstandard,theystartedSQL3standardsdevelopmentcooperation.ThemainfeaturesSQL3abstractdatatypessupport,forthenewgenerationofobjectrelationaldatabaseprovidesstandard.
Thenatureofdatabasedata
1.Dataintegrity:
databaseisaunitoranapplicationfieldofgeneraldataprocessingsystem,hestorageistobelongtoenterpriseandbusinessdepartments,organizationsandindividualssetofrelateddata.Databasedatafromaglobalview,heaccordingtocertaindatamodelorganization,descriptionandstorage.Basedonthestructureofdatabetweennaturalrelation,thuscanprovideallthenecessaryaccessroute,anddatanolongerdealwithacertainapplications,butfortotalorganization,withawholestructuralfeatures.
2.Datasharing:
databasedataisformanyuserssharingtheirinformationandtheestablishment,gotridofthespecificproceduresrestrictionsandrestraint.Differentuserscanusethedatabaseaccordingtotheirrespectiveusagethedata;MultipleuserscanalsoShareddatabasedataresource,i.e.,differentuserscanalsoaccessdatabaseinthesamedata.Datasharingeachusernotonlymeetstherequirementsofinformation,butalsomeetthevarioususersofinformationcommunicationbetweentherequirements.
Object-orienteddatabase
Alongwiththedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandthemarket,peoplefoundrelationaldatabasesystem,whiletechnologyismature,butitslimitationsisobvious:
itcanbeaverygoodtreatmentofso-called"formofdata",butofdominatingthemoreandmorecomplexappearhelplesstypeofdata.Sincethe1990s,technologyhasbeenstudyingandseeknewdatabasesystem.Butinwhatisthedevelopmentdirectionofthenewdatabasesystem,industryonceisquiteconfused.Theinfluenceofagitationbytechnologyatthetime,forquitesometime,peopleputalotofenergyspentonresearch"object-orienteddatabasesystem(objectorienteddatabase)"orsimplyas"OOdatabasesystem".Whatisworthmentioning,theUnitedStatesStonebrakerprofessorproposedobject-orientedRDStheoryoncefavoredbyindustry.AndinStonebrakerhimselfInformixspendbigmoneywasthenappointedtechnologydirectoralways.
However,severalyearsofdevelopment,spatio-temporalobject-orientedrelationaldatabasesystemproductmarketdevelopmentsituationisnotgood.Theoreticallyperfectsexdidn'tbringmarketwarmresponse.Themainreasonofsuccess,themaindesignthoughtdatabaseproductswithnewdatabasesystemisanattempttoreplacetheexistingdatabasesystem.Thisformanyhasbeenusingdatabasesystemforyearsandaccumulatedthemassivejobdata,especiallybigcustomerforcustomers,isunabletowithstandtheconversionbetweenoldandnewdatathathugeworkloadandbigspending.Inaddition,object-orientedRDSsystemmakesquerylanguageextremelycomplex,sowhetherdatabasedevelopmentbusinessmanorapplicationcustomersdependingonthecomplicatedapplicationtechnologytobeadangerousroad.
Basicstructure
Thebasicstructureofdatabase,reflectsthethreelevelsofobservationdatabaseofthreedifferentAngle.
(1)physicaldatalayer.
Itisthemostlining,isdatabaseonphysicalstorageequipmentactuallystoreddatacollection.Thesedataarerawdata,theobject,theuserisprocessedbyinternalmodeldescribingthethroneofhandledtheinstructionsofstring,characterandword.
(2)conceptualdatalayer.
Itisalayerofdatabase,isamongthewholelogicsaid.DatabasePointsoutthelogicofeachdatadefinitionandthelogicalconnectionbetweendatacollectionofstorageandrecord,is.Itisrelatedtothedatabaseallobjectslogicalrelationship,nottheirphysicalcondition,isunderthedatabaseadministratorconceptofdatabase.
(3)logicaldatalayer.
Itistheuserseesandusethedatabase,saysoneorsomespecificusersusecollectionsofdata,namelythelogicalrecordset.
Databasedifferentlevelsistheconnectionbetweenconversionbymapping.
Mainfeatures
(1)toimplementthedatasharing.
Datasharingcontainsalluserscanalsoaccessdatabasedata,includingtheusercanuseallsortsofwaystousethedatabasethroughinterfaces,andprovidedatasharing.
(2)reducedataredundancy.
Comparedwiththefilesystem,becausethedatabasetoachievedatasharingsoastoavoidtheuserrespectiveestablishapplicationdocumentation.Reducealotofrepeatingdata,reducethedataredundancy,maintaintheconsistencyofthedata.
(3)dataofindependence.
Dataindependenceincludingdatabasedatabaseoflogicalstructureandapplicationindependent,alsoincludingdataphysicalstructurechangedoesnotaffectthedataofthelogicalstructure.
(4)datarealizecentralcontrol.
Filemanagementmode,datainadecentralizedstate,differentuserorsameusersindifferenttreatmenthadnorelationbetweenthedocuments.Usingthedatabaseofdatacanbeconcentratedcontrolandmanagement,andthroughthedatamodelofdataorganizationandsaidtherelationbetweendata.
(5)thedataconsistencyandmaintainability,toensurethesafetyandreliabilityofthedata.
Mainlyincludes:
(1)thesafetycontrol:
topreventdataloss,errorupdatingandexcessiveuse;
(2)theintegritycontrol:
ensuredataaccuracy,effectivenessandcompatibility;(3)theconcurrentcontrol:
makeinthesametimeperiodtoallowdatarealizationmuli-access,andcanpreventusersofabnormalinteractionbetween;(4)faultfindingandrecovery:
thedatabasemanagementsystemprovidesasetofmethod,canisolatefaultsandrepairfault,therebypreventingdatabreaches
(6)faultrecovery.
Thedatabasemanagementsystemprovidesasetofmethod,canisolatefaultsandrepairfault,therebypreventingdatabreaches.Databasesystemcanrestoredatabasesystemisrunningassoonaspossible,isprobablythefaultoccurredinthephysicalorlogicalerr
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