议论文的常见类型和写作模式.docx
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议论文的常见类型和写作模式.docx
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议论文的常见类型和写作模式
议论文的常见类型和写作模式
正反观点类/对比类
⏹Para.1提出一种社会现象或话题
⏹Para.2对此人们持有不同的观点----有些人认为…….有必要…;有些人观点相反,认为……没有必要…
⏹Para.3你的看法
⏹Para.1______hasbecomeahottopicamongpeoplerecently.Opinionsvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeopleareinclinedtothinkthat___________.Onthecontrary,therearestillmanypeoplewhowon’tagree,andtheyclaim____________.
⏹Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleviocegrowingconcernover__________.Somepeoplearguethat_______,inthat________,whileothersfirmlyholdthat____________.
⏹(社会现象)
⏹Para.2
⏹Thosewhoareinfavorof_________arguethat_______________.First,_______.Second,__________.Third,____________.
Peoplewhocriticize________,ontheotherhand,maintainthat____________.Foronething,_________.Foranotherthing,__________
⏹Para.3(个人看法)
⏹AsforasIamconcerned,myfavorgoestothefirst/secondview.Ontheonehand,_______.Ontheotherhand,___________.
⏹Inmyopinion,bothsidesarepartlyright.Whenwe_________,weshouldtakeintoconsiderationallaspectsoftheproblemsandthenmaketherightdicisions.
⏹1.有人认为大学里应独自生活
⏹2.另一些认为大学里应与别人同住
⏹3.你的看法
⏹LivingaloneorLivingwithRoommates
⏹Nowadays,therehasappearedaheateddiscussionamongthecollegestudentsastowhethertheyshouldlivealoneoutsidethecampusorlivetogetherwithotherroommatesinthestudents’dormitory.Opinionsaredividedoverthematter.
⏹ThosewhoareinfavorofLivingalonemaintainthatitisveryconvenienttolivebythemselves.Theycanenjoyabsolutefreedominaroomoftheirown.Theycanhavetheirowntimetablewithoutdisturbingothers.TheyarealsofreetoequiptheroomwithapersonalcomputersothattheycanhaveeasyaccesstotheInternet.
⏹Butothersarguethatlivingwithroommateshasattractionsofitsown.Withseveralstudentssharingthesameroom,eachperson’sexperiencescanbegreatlyenriched.Theycanlearnalotfromtalkingtooneanother.Bylearningtotoleratethedifferencesbetweenindividuals,theycanbecomemoremature.
⏹AsfarasI’mconcerned,IprefertolivewithroommatesbecauseIlovethefeelingofbelonging.Besides,itisalotcheapertoliveinadormthantorentaapartmentoutsidethecampus
⏹说明利弊型---某一现象或观点有利有弊,形成自己的观点
⏹Para.1.描述或点明一种现象或观点
⏹Para.2.分析这种现象或观点的优缺点/利弊
⏹Para.3针对问题提出解决方法
(我的看法/我认为……)
例:
2008年6月2011年6月
OnlineShopping
⏹Inrecentyears,nothinghasgainedmorepopularitythan____duetotherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology(scienceandtechnology/society)._________________________________(列举其表现形式).
⏹Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandthesteadyimprovementofourlivingstandards,__________havesteppedintopeople’severydaylife._____________(列举其表现形式).
⏹Para.2
⏹Undoubtedly,______isofmanyadvantages.First,__________.Second,__________.Lastbutnot(bynomeans)least,_________.Justaseverycoinhastwosides,itistrueof___________.Inthebeginning,_________.What’smore,____________.And_________.
⏹Para.3
⏹AsfarasI’mconcerned,_____hasbecomeincreasinglybecomeanirrversibletrendinthemodernsociety.Itisurgentthat________.And__________________.Inshort/Inasense/Inconclusion,onlybydoing_____canwe____________.
⏹Onlyif_________canwe_________.
⏹Onlyinthiswaycanwe___________.
⏹Onlywhen_________canwe_______.
⏹Onlyafter__________canwe________.
常用写法一
Doingsth.hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Theadvantagesofdoingsth.canbeillustratedfromthefollowing.Tobeginwith,__________.Secondly,_____________.Lastbutnotleast,____________.However,therearealsosomedisadvantagesofdoingsth.Firstofall,_________.Anotherdisadvantageis___________.Inaddition,___________.
常用写法二
Thereareseveraladvantagesofdoingsth.Inthefirstplace,___________.Inthesecondplace,___________.Whatismore,________.Justaseverythinghastwosides,doingsomethingcanalsocausesomeproblems.Foronething,_________.Foranother,____________.Forstillanother,____________.Furthermore,___________.
Direction:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicPrivateSchool?
Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
⏹1.当前,社会上有很多私立学校和培训学校;
⏹2.私立学校的利与弊;
⏹3.你的看法。
⏹Itcanbenoticedthatalargenumberofprivateschoolsortrainingorganizationsbecomeanewlandscapeineducation.Whenyoureadnewspapers,whenyouwatchTV,whenyouwalkontheroad,youwillinevitablyseelotsofadvertisementsaboutprivateschools.Thereareprivateschoolsmainlydealingwithforeignlanguages,computers,musicandsports.
⏹However,isitagoodorbadthingtohavesomanyprivateschools?
Asacoinhastwosides,soaretheprivateschools.Ontheonehand,privateschoolscanmeetthespecialneedsofthesocietyortheparticularrequirementsofpeople.Ontheotherhand,theyoftenbringpeopleextraburdenbecauseofcomparisonandcompetition.
⏹Whenaskedtodecidewhetherweshouldhaveasocietywithoutprivateschoolsorasocietywithprivateschools,Iwillnothesitateamomenttopreferthelatter.Althoughattendingatrainingcoursewillresultintheextracostorburden,itisoftremendousmeritsinpreparingmyworkandcultivatingmyskills.
现象分析类型
⏹Para.1提出社会现象或一个问题
⏹Para.2分析问题
分析原因
分析其必要性
解析其对社会或生活造成的影响危害
⏹Para.3解决问题
⏹例:
2010年6月
⏹2009年1月
⏹Para.1现象描述或问题提出
⏹Nowadays,itisnotuncommontoseethat______________.Thisphenomenoninfluences_________andfosters__________.
⏹Para.2(探讨原因)
⏹Thisphenomenoncanactuallybeattributedtoseveralpossiblereasons.Tostartwith,________.Meanwhile,___________.Inaddtion,________.
⏹Therearemanyreasonswhy….
⏹Theexistenceoftheproblemof…canbeattributedtothefollowingmainreasons.
⏹Para.3提出对策
⏹Topicsentence:
Since___is_____,weshoulddo________.First,__________.Second,____________.Finally,_______.Anyway,only_________canwe_________.
提出对策或解决问题的常用句型
⏹Todealwiththisproblemsuccessfully,thegovernment,thedepartmentconcernedhastakenmanyeffectivemeasures.
⏹Variousmeasures/steps/actionsshouldbetakentohandletheproblemof…
⏹Thefollowingmeasurescanbeadopted/carriedouttocopewiththeproblemof…
⏹Therearemanymeansthroughwhichcollegestudentscangettoknowthesociety.
⏹Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicEnvironmentalProtection.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.
⏹1.全球变暖对地球环境造成了很大影响
⏹2.引起全球变暖的原因
⏹3.我们需要采取的措施
⏹Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicCollegeStudents’JobHunting.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.
⏹1.近几年出现了大学生就业难的现象
⏹2.产生这种现象的原因(如大学生追求的目标过高,专业不对口等)
⏹3.如何解决这一问题(改变就业观念,大学生再培训等)
⏹HowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTraffic
⏹Outline:
⏹问题:
城市交通拥挤Λ
⏹解决方案(solution)
1、建造(laydown)更多道路优点:
1)降低街道拥挤程度;2)加速车流(flowoftraffic)缺点:
占地过多
2、开辟(openup)更多公共汽车线路优点:
减少自行车与小汽车缺点:
对部分人可能造成不便
⏹结论:
两者结合
⏹EnvironmentalProtection
⏹Noone,regardlessofrace,religionornationality,candenythattheworldweliveinisbecomingincreasinglyintolerablebecauseoftheeffectsofglobalwarming.Accordingtomanyexperts,evengreaterimpactsarestillontheway.
⏹Therearenumerouscausesforthisproblem.Ononehand,human-relatedemissionsofcarbonintotheatmosphereiscausing,andwillinthefuturecause,significantglobalwarmingaccordingtothetheory.Ontheotherhand,thelackofknowledgeabouttheimportanceofprotectingenvironmenthindersthesolvingoftheproblem.
⏹Itisurgentthatimmediateandeffectiveactionsshouldbetakenrightaway.First,moretreesneedtobeplantedtohelpimproveandbeautifytheenvironment.Besides,stricterlawsconcerningglobalwarmingandirresponsibleuseoffuelresourceshavetobeputintoeffectandachievedgoodresults.Inaword,thereisalongwaytogobeforewecantakeacomfortableworldforgrantedagain.
⏹CollegeStudents’JobHunting
⏹Inrecentyears,collegestudentsfinditincreasinglydifficulttogetajob.Itsoundsstrangesinceyoungcollegestudentsareusuallyintelligent,well-educatedphenomenon,aspirantandeagertobringtheirtalentintofullplay.Thenwhatunderliesthestrangephenomenon
⏹
⏹XX文库-让每个人平等地提升自我Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.Tobeginwith,nowadayscollegestudentsaimtoohigh.Alltheywantare“good”jobswhichcouldoffergoodsalary,comfortableworkingconditions,highsocialstatusamongothers.Consequently,mostcollegestudentsareunwillingtoacceptvacantjobstheyconsidernot“good”enough.Anotherreasonisthatthereisabiggapbetweenthemajorssomestudentsstudyinschoolandthedemandsofvacantjobs.Socompaniesthinksomestudentsarenotfitforthejobs.
⏹Solutiontotheproblemrequireseffortsonboththesocietyandthestudents.Thecompaniesshouldvaluethestudents,talentandknowledgewhilethelattershouldnotmerelyaimatmaterialgains.Theyshouldbedown-to–earthinbuildinguptheircareer.Furthermore,theyshouldfacetheirweakpointssoastoimprovethemselvesandbemorecompetent.
基本形式上的稍微变异
⏹2011年1月
⏹现象+对策
⏹当提纲只有两条时,你要自己补充上第三条,可以是根据上面两条提纲下一个结论,或提出前景预测,或者补充上自己对这个现象的看法。
基本形式上的稍微变异
⏹Para.1、说明事物现状(描述现象)
⏹Para.2、事物本身的优点或者缺点
⏹Para.3、你对现状(或前景)的看法
⏹例:
2009年6月
⏹2007年1月
⏹Para.2在第一段的基础上提出其缺点
⏹Although_________enjoysdistinctadvantages,italsobringsproblems.Tobeginwith,_________.Inaddition,___________.
⏹But/However,someothersdon’t/couldn’t/believe/think/insist____________inthefollowingthreereasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------(理由二).Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).
基本形式上的稍微变异
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