林肯总统就职演说.docx
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林肯总统就职演说.docx
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林肯总统就职演说
林肯总统就职演说
【篇一:
林肯总统就职演讲中英文对照】
林肯总统在1861年的第一次就职演说--英文版
firstinauguraladdressofabrahamlincolnmonday,march4,1861fellow-citizensoftheunitedstates:
incompliancewithacustomasoldasthegovernmentitself,iappearbeforeyoutoaddressyoubrieflyandtotakeinyourpresencetheoathprescribedbytheconstitutionoftheunitedstatestobetakenbythepresidentbeforeheentersontheexecutionofthisoffice.idonotconsideritnecessaryatpresentformetodiscussthosemattersofadministrationaboutwhichthereisnospecialanxietyorexcitement.apprehensionseemstoexistamongthepeopleofthesouthernstatesthatbytheaccessionofarepublicanadministrationtheirpropertyandtheirpeaceandpersonalsecurityaretobeendangered.
therehasneverbeenanyreasonablecauseforsuchapprehension.indeed,themostampleevidencetothecontraryhasallthewhileexistedandbeenopentotheirinspection.itisfoundinnearlyallthepublishedspeechesofhimwhonowaddressesyou.idobutquotefromoneofthosespeecheswhenideclarethat--ihavenopurpose,directlyorindirectly,tointerferewiththeinstitutionofslaveryinthestateswhereitexists.ibelieveihavenolawfulrighttodoso,andihavenoinclinationtodoso.thosewhonominatedandelectedmedidsowithfullknowledgethatihadmadethisandmanysimilardeclarationsandhadneverrecantedthem;andmorethanthis,theyplacedintheplatformformyacceptance,andasalawtothemselvesandtome,theclearandemphaticresolutionwhichinowread:
resolved,thatthemaintenanceinviolateoftherightsofthestates,andespeciallytherightofeachstatetoorderandcontrolitsowndomesticinstitutionsaccordingtoitsownjudgmentexclusively,isessentialtothatbalanceofpoweronwhichtheperfectionandenduranceofourpoliticalfabricdepend;andwedenouncethelawlessinvasionbyarmedforceofthesoilofanystateorterritory,nomatterwhatpretext,asamongthegravestofcrimes.
inowreiteratethesesentiments,andindoingsoionlypressuponthepublicattentionthemostconclusiveevidenceofwhichthecaseissusceptiblethattheproperty,peace,andsecurityofnosectionaretobeinanywiseendangeredbythenowincomingadministration.iadd,too,thatalltheprotectionwhich,consistentlywiththeconstitutionandthelaws,canbegivenwillbecheerfullygiventoallthestateswhenlawfullydemanded,forwhatevercause--ascheerfullytoonesectionastoanother.thereismuchcontroversyaboutthedeliveringupoffugitivesfromserviceorlabor.theclauseinowreadisasplainlywrittenintheconstitutionasanyotherofitsprovisions:
nopersonheldtoserviceorlaborinonestate,underthelawsthereof,escapingintoanother,shallinconsequenceofanylaworregulationthereinbedischargedfromsuchserviceorlabor,butshallbedelivereduponclaimofthepartytowhomsuchserviceorlabormaybedue.itisscarcelyquestionedthatthisprovisionwasintendedbythosewhomadeitforthereclaimingofwhatwecallfugitiveslaves;andtheintentionofthelawgiveristhelaw.allmembersofcongresssweartheirsupporttothewholeconstitution--tothisprovisionasmuchastoanyother.totheproposition,then,thatslaveswhosecasescomewithinthetermsofthisclauseshallbedelivereduptheiroathsareunanimous.now,iftheywouldmaketheeffortingoodtemper,couldtheynotwithnearlyequal
unanimityframeandpassalawbymeansofwhichtokeepgoodthatunanimousoath?
thereissomedifferenceofopinionwhetherthisclauseshouldbeenforcedbynationalorbystateauthority,butsurelythatdifferenceisnotaverymaterialone.iftheslaveistobesurrendered,itcanbeofbutlittleconsequencetohimortoothersbywhichauthorityitisdone.andshouldanyoneinanycasebecontentthathisoathshallgounkeptonamerelyunsubstantialcontroversyastohowitshallbekept?
again:
inanylawuponthissubjectoughtnotallthesafeguardsoflibertyknownincivilizedandhumanejurisprudencetobeintroduced,sothatafreemanbenotinanycasesurrenderedasaslave?
andmightitnotbewellatthesametimetoprovidebylawfortheenforcementofthatclauseintheconstitutionwhich
guaranteesthatthecitizensofeachstateshallbeentitledtoallprivilegesandimmunitiesofcitizensintheseveralstates?
itaketheofficialoathto-daywithnomentalreservationsandwithnopurposetoconstruetheconstitutionorlawsbyanyhypercriticalrules;andwhileidonotchoosenowtospecifyparticularactsofcongressaspropertobeenforced,idosuggestthatitwillbemuchsaferforall,bothinofficialandprivatestations,toconformtoandabidebyallthoseactswhichstanduepealedthantoviolateanyofthemtrustingtofindimpunityinhavingthemheldtobeunconstitutional.itisseventy-twoyearssincethefirstinaugurationofapresidentunderournationalconstitution.duringthatperiodfifteendifferentandgreatlydistinguishedcitizenshaveinsuccession
administeredtheexecutivebranchofthegovernment.theyhaveconducteditthroughmanyperils,andgenerallywithgreatsuccess.
yet,withallthisscopeofprecedent,inowenteruponthesametaskforthebriefconstitutionaltermoffouryearsundergreatandpeculiardifficulty.adisruptionofthefederalunion,heretoforeonlymenaced,isnowformidably
attempted.iholdthatincontemplationofuniversallawandoftheconstitutiontheunionofthesestatesisperpetual.perpetuityisimplied,ifnotexpressed,inthefundamentallawofallnationalgovernments.itissafetoassertthatnogovernmentpropereverhadaprovisioninitsorganiclawforitsowntermination.continuetoexecutealltheexpressprovisionsofournationalconstitution,andtheunionwillendureforever,itbeingimpossibletodestroyitexceptbysomeactionnotprovidedforintheinstrumentitself.again:
iftheunitedstatesbenotagovernmentproper,butanassociationofstatesinthenatureofcontractmerely,canit,asacontract,bepeaceablyunmadebylessthanallthepartieswhomadeit?
onepartytoacontractmayviolateit--breakit,sotospeak--butdoesitnotrequirealltolawfullyrescindit?
descendingfromthesegeneralprinciples,wefindthepropositionthatinlegalcontemplationtheunionisperpetualconfirmedbythehistoryoftheunionitself.theunionismucholderthantheconstitution.
itwasformed,infact,bythearticlesofassociationin1774.itwasmaturedandcontinuedbythedeclarationofindependencein1776.itwasfurthermatured,andthefaithofallthethenthirteenstatesexpresslyplightedandengagedthatitshouldbeperpetual,bythearticlesofconfederationin1778.andfinally,in1787,oneofthedeclaredobjectsforordainingandestablishingtheconstitutionwastoformamoreperfectunion.butifdestructionoftheunionbyoneorbyapartonlyofthestatesbelawfullypossible,theunionislessperfectthanbeforetheconstitution,havinglostthevitalelementofperpetuity.itfollowsfromtheseviewsthatnostateuponitsownmeremotioncanlawfullygetoutoftheunion;thatresolvesandordinancestothat
effectarelegallyvoid,andthatactsofviolencewithinanystateorstatesagainsttheauthorityoftheunitedstatesareinsurrectionaryorrevolutionary,accordingtocircumstances.ithereforeconsiderthatinviewoftheconstitutionandthelawstheunionisunbroken,andtotheextentofmyability,ishalltakecare,astheconstitutionitselfexpresslyenjoinsuponme,thatthelawsoftheunionbefaithfullyexecutedinallthestates.doingthisideemtobeonlyasimpledutyonmypart,andishallperformitsofaraspracticableunlessmyrightfulmasters,theamericanpeople,shallwithholdtherequisitemeansorinsomeauthoritativemannerdirectthecontrary.itrustthiswillnotberegardedasamenace,butonlyasthedeclaredpurposeoftheunionthatitwillconstitutionallydefendandmaintainitself.indoingthisthereneedstobenobloodshedorviolence,andthereshallbenoneunlessitbeforceduponthenationalauthority.thepowerconfidedtomewillbeusedtohold,occupy,andpossessthepropertyandplacesbelongingtothegovernmentandtocollectthedutiesandimposts;butbeyondwhatmaybenecessaryfortheseobjects,therewillbenoinvasion,nousingofforceagainstoramongthepeopleanywhere.wherehostilitytotheunitedstatesinanyinteriorlocalityshallbesogreatanduniversalastopreventcompetentresidentcitizensfromholdingthefederaloffices,therewillbenoattempttoforceobnoxiousstrangersamongthepeopleforthatobject.whilethestrictlegalrightmayexistinthegovernmenttoenforcetheexerciseoftheseoffices,theattempttodosowouldbesoirritatingandsonearlyimpracticablewithalthatideemitbettertoforegoforthetimetheusesofsuchoffices.themails,unlessrepelled,willcontinuetobefurnishedinallpartsoftheunion.sofaraspossiblethepeopleeverywhereshallhavethatsenseofperfectsecuritywhichismostfavorabletocalmthoughtandreflection.thecoursehereindicatedwillbefollowedunlesscurrenteventsandexperienceshallshowamodificationorchangetobeproper,andineverycaseandexigencymybestdiscretionwillbeexercised,accordingtocircumstancesactuallyexistingandwithaviewandahopeofapeacefulsolutionofthenationaltroublesandtherestorationoffraternalsympathiesandaffections.thattherearepersonsinonesectionoranotherwhoseektodestroytheunionatalleventsandaregladofanypretexttodoitiwillneitheraffirmnordeny;butiftherebesuch,ineedaddressnowordtothem.tothose,h
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