高考英语阅读理解冲刺训练Day 39.docx
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高考英语阅读理解冲刺训练Day 39.docx
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高考英语阅读理解冲刺训练Day39
高考英语阅读理解冲刺训练Day39
Passage1
Mostepisodesofabsent-minded-forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom-arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,saysSchacter."You'resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven'tencodeditdeeply."
Encoding,Schacterexplains,isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituation.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon'tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou'reinvolvedinaconversation,you'llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyourwardrobe(衣柜)."Yourmemoryitselfisn'tfailingyou,"saysSchacter,"Rather,youdidn'tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded."
Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness."Amanwhorecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago,"saysZelinski,"maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox."Womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheyaremoreinterestedinwhat'shappeningaroundthem,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.
Visualcues(提示)canhelppreventabsent-mindedness,saysSchacter."Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable,"hecautions.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedicationwithlunch,putthebillbottleonthekitchentable-don'tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.
Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindedness:
walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyou'rethere.Mostlikely,youwerethinkingaboutsomethingelse."Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,"saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturntowhereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroom,andyou'lllikelyremember.
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"episode"inParagraph1probablymean?
________
A.ExperiencesB.Experiments
C.ExpressionsD.Feelings
2.Accordingtothepassage,womenhavebettermemoriesthanmenprobablybecause________.
A.theyhaveawiderrangeofinterests
B.theyalwaysputthingswheretheywere
C.theypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironment
D.theyprefertowritenotestotellthemwhattheyshoulddo.
3.Whatcanhelppreventabsent-mindednessaccordingtoSchacter?
________
A.Writingnotes.
B.Takingsomemedicine.
C.Puttingsomethinginsight.
D.Returningtowhereyouwere.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
________
A.AWayofRecalling.
B.TheImportanceofEncoding.
C.CuresforAbsent-mindedness.
D.CausesofAbsent-mindedness.
Passage2
Withthecomingofbigdataage,datascienceissupposedtobestarvedfor,ofwhichtheadaptioncanpointaprofoundchangeincorporatecompetitiveness.Companies,bothborninthedigitaleraandtraditionalworldareshowingofftheirskillsindatascience.Therefore,itseemstohavebeencreatingagreatdemandfortheexpertsofthistype.
MrCarlosGuestrin,machinelearningprofessorfromUniversityofWashingtonarguesthatallsoftwareapplicationswillneedinbuiltintelligencewithinfiveyears,makingdatascientists﹣peopletrainedtoanalyzelargebodiesofinformation﹣keyworkersinthisemerging"cognitive"technologyeconomy.Therearealreadycriticalapplicationsthatdependonmachinelearning,asubfieldofdatascience,ledbyrecommendationprograms,frauddetectionsystems,forecastingtoolsandapplicationsforpredictingcustomerbehavior.
Manycompaniesthatareborndigital﹣particularlyinternetcompaniesthathaveagreatnumberofreal﹣timecustomerinteractionstohandle﹣areall﹣inwhenitcomestodatascience.Pinterest,forinstance,maintainsmorethan100machinelearningmodelsthatcouldbeappliedtodifferentclassesofproblems,anditconstantlyfieldsrequestsfrommanagerseagertousethisresourcetodealwiththeirbusinessproblem.
Thefactorsweighingonmanytraditionalcompanieswillbethehighcostofmountingaseriousmachine﹣learningoperation.Netflixisestimatedtospend\150mayearonasingleapplicationandthetotalbillisprobablyfourtimesthatonceallitsusesofthetechnologyaretakenintoaccount.
Anotherproblemformanynon﹣technologycompaniesistalent.OfthecomputerscienceexpertswhouseKaggle,onlyabout1,000havedeeplearningskills,comparedto100,000whocanapplyothermachinelearningtechniques,saysMrGoldbloom.Headdsthatevensomebigcompaniesofthistypeareoftenreluctanttoexpandtheirpayscalestohirethetoptalentinthisfield.
Thebiggestbarriertoadaptingtothecomingeraof"smart"applications,however,islikelytobecultural.Somecompanies,suchasGeneralElectric,havebeenbuildingtheirownSiliconValleypresencetoattractanddevelopthedigitalskillstheywillneed.
Despitetheobstacles,somemaymasterthisdifficulttransition.Butcompaniesthatwerebuilt,fromthebeginning,withdatascienceattheircenter,arelikelytorepresentseriouscompetition.
1.Whichoneisobstacleformanytraditionalcompaniestopopularizelearningoperation?
________
A.TechnologicalproblemB.Expertcrisis
C.HighcostD.Customerinteractions
2.Whatcannotbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthemachinelearning?
________
A.MachinelearningoperationsarecostlyinNetflix.
B.Machinelearningplaysanimportantroleinexistentapplications.
C.Machinelearningexpertsarenothighlypaidinsomenon﹣technologycompanies.
D.MachinelearningmodelsarenotsufficienttosolvebusinessproblemsinPinterest.
3.Theunderlinedwordinthe3rdparagraph"fields"mostprobablymeans________
A.avoidsB.creates
C.solvesD.classifies
4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?
________
A.Datascience:
aforefrontforceintechbusiness
B.Corporatecompetition:
anobstacletothetransition
C.Machinelearning:
akeytosmarttechnology
D.Techniqueexperts:
adecisivefactorofthecomingera
Passage3
Hereamidthesteelandconcretecanyons,greengrassgrowsAhawthorntree(山楂树)standsinnewsoil,andfreshlydugplantsbendinthewind.
ButChicagoCityHallhereseemsanunlikelyspotforagardenofanyvariety—especially20
000squarefeetofgardens—unitsroof.
Asoneofahandfulofsimilarprojectsaroundthecountry,thegardenispartofa\
.5milliondemonstrationprojectedbythecitytoreduceits"urbanheatislands",saidWilliamAbolt,thecommissioneroftheDepartmentofEnvironment.
Heatislandsdarksurfacesinthecity,likerooftops—soakupheatTheretentioncanbakeabuilding,makingitstubborntocooling.
TheroofofCityHall,a90-year-oldgraystonelandmarkonLaSalleStreetintheheartofdowntown,hasbeenknowntoreachtemperaturesubstantiallyhotterthantheactualtemperatureonthestreetbelow.
Thegardenwillprovidegreeneryandshade"Andthat,"saidthecityofficials,"willsavethecitydollarsonthoseblisteringsummerdays"Theprojectsavingsfromcoolingisabout\
000ayearonanewroofwhoselifespanisabout50percentlongerthanthatofatraditionalroof.
Thesprawlingopen-airrooftopgardenisbeingcarefullybuiltonamulti-tieredbedofspecialsoil,polystyrene,egg-carton-shapedconesand"waterproofmembrane"malltokeeptherooffromleaking,orcavingunderthenormalcombinedweightofsoil,rainandplantlife.
Thedesigncallsforsoildepthsof4inchesto18inchesWhenthelastplantsandseedlingsareburiedandthelastbitofcompostislaid,thegardenwillhavecircularbrickstepping-stoneswindinguptohills.
"TheprimaryfocusofwhatwewanttodowastoestablishthislaboratoryonthetopofCityHalltogetpeopleinvolvedandunderstandingtheirimpactontheenvironmentandhowthelittlethingscanmakeanimpactonthequalityoflife",MrAboltsaid,addingthattheplantsalsohelptocleartheair.
Rooftopgardens,inplaceswhereconcretejungleshaveerasedplantsandtrees,arenotnew,noteveninChicagoArmsofgreenerydanglingoverterracesorsproutingfromrooftops,commoninEurope,arebecomingmoresointheUnitedStatesaspeoplebecomeincreasinglyconsciousabouttheenvironment.
RichardMDaley,whourgedtheenvironmentaldepartmenttolookintotheprojectafter,noticingrooftopgardensinHamburg,Germanyafewyearsago,haspraisedthegardenasthefirstofitskindonapublicbuildinginthecountry.
Itwillholdthousandsofplantsinmorethan150species—wildonionandbutterflyweed,sky-blueasterandbuffalograss—toprovidedataonwhatspeciesadaptbestSmallplantsrequiringshallowsoildepthswerechieflyselected.
1.Therooftopgardenproject________.
A.iscommonandpopularinthecountry
B.isademonstrationprojectandcoststhecitygovernment\
.5milliondollars
C.willmaketheordinarycoolingdownofthecityinsummerunnecessary
D.aimsatgettingpeopleinvolvedandunderstandingtheirimpactontheenvironment
2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheCityHall?
________
A.Itwasbuiltninetyyearsagoandisthemostoutstandingfeatureinthecenterofthecity.
B.ItisoriginallypropertobuildagardenonthetopoftheCityHall.
C.Thetemperatureonitstopisalittlebitlowerthanthatonthestreetbelow.
D.ItisthefirstbuildinginAmericatohaveagardenonit.
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
________
A.Everyyear,Chicagospendsabout\
000oncoolingthecity.
B.ThedesignofthegardenontheCityHallspeciallytakesintoconsiderationtheweighttheroofcanstand.
C.TheMayorurgedtheenvironmentaldepartmenttolookintorooftopgardensinHamburgandbuildsimilaronesinAmerica.
D.Heatislandsmainlyrefertothosedark-coloredrooftopswhichreceiveandretainheatandwillnoteasilyreleasetheheat.
4.Theword"substantially"(Line2,Para5)mostlikelymeans___
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