高中英语必修四unit1-grammar主谓一致.ppt
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高中英语必修四unit1-grammar主谓一致.ppt
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Subject-verbAgreement,主谓一致,Subject-VerbAgreement,主谓一致是指句子的_与_在_和_上必须保持一致主谓一致的三个原则:
1.语法一致2.意义一致3.就近原则,谓语动词,主语,人称,数,Theboy_diving.,Theboys_diving.,is,are,语法一致,主语为单数或复数时,其谓语动词要与其相呼应。
1.and,1.两个主语表达不同人、物、概念e.g.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(岁月不饶人)Thewriterandthetranslatoraredeliveringaspeechtonightinourschool.2.两个主语表达同一人、同一物、同一概念e.g.Thewriterandtranslatorisdeliveringaspeechtonightinourschool.Onemoreforkandknifeisonthetable.(一副刀叉)Warandpeaceisoftenpeoplestopic.(战争与和平),1.and,3.并列名词前有noand(no);everyand(every);eachand(each)修饰时,谓语一般用单数e.g.Everymanand(every)woman_(have)thesamerights.,has,语法一致2,主语+with(togetherwith/alongwith),aswellas,like,not,but,except,including,ratherthan,otherthan,besides,inadditionto结构中,谓语与前面主语一致e.g.I,aswellasthey,_(be)readytohelpyou.Thestudentsalongwiththeteacher_(be)requiredthemeeting.NobodybutJimandTom_(be)ontheplaygroundatthattime.,am,are,was,everyone,everybody,everything,anyone,anybody,anything,noone,nobody,nothing,someone,somebody,something(none,neither除外)等不定代词及each,theother作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:
Nothingintheboxismine.Someonewantstoseeyou.,语法一致3,none和neither作主语时,谓语可用单数也可用复数,但如果修饰的是不可数名词只用单数e.g.Noneofusis/areperfect.(人无完人)Noneoftheinformationhasbeenreceived.,语法一致3,morethanone;manya修饰名词,复数含义,但是谓语用单数e.g.Manyastudent_(be)intheclassroom.Morethanonemother_(receive)theflowers.,is,语法一致4,receives,不定式(短语),动名词(短语),从句作主语时,谓语用单数e.g.ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorning_(do)youalotofgood.Servingthepeople_(be)mygreathappiness.Whenandwherewewillhaveapicnic__(benot)decidedyet.,语法一致5,does,is,hasnotbeen,*当what引导的句子做主语,若后面是“be+名词”的结构时,谓语随名词变化。
e.g.Whatyouneedarethesedictionaries.,语法一致5,由kind(form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of等修饰的主语,谓语由这些词决定e.g.Thiskindofapples_(sell)well.Aseriesofplays_(be)tobeonshownextweek.,语法一致6,sells,is,a(large/small/vast)quantityof或Largequantitiesof谓语由quantity的形式决定e.g.Alargequantityofoilwasputintothesoup.Alargequantityofappleswasinthebasket.Largequantitiesofoilwereputintothesoup.Largequantitiesofappleswereinthebasket.,语法一致7,trousers,pants(裤子),shoes,glasses,gloves,stockings,scissors(剪刀)等词作主语时谓语用复数,但如果名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用复数e.g.Myglassesarebroken.Thescissorsaresharp.Thepairofshoesunderthebedismine.,语法一致8,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面的语法标志,意义一致,集合名词(family,teamgroup,crowdpublic,government,band,company.)若强调整体,谓语动词用单数若强调个体,谓语动词则用复数e.g.Thegroupis(be)madeupofninestudents.Thegroupare(be)dancinghappily.,意义一致1,单复数同形的名词deer,sheep,fish,series系列,species物种,means手段,works工厂,aircraft飞行器做主语时,视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。
e.g.Anewmeanshasbeenused.Manymeanshavenotcomeintoeffect.,意义一致2,physics,politics,mathematics等一些以“-ics”结尾的词,指学科时属单数,谓语动词用单数。
Physicsisnotdifficulttolearn.Mathematicsisasubjectstudiedinnearlyeveryschool.注:
若指某学科能力,成绩,应用等或非学科含义时被看作复数,谓语常用复数。
Mymathematicsareweek.Whatareyourpolitics?
政治信仰/见解,意义一致3,意义一致4,主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词some,all,more,most,any,none等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义,其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。
Eg:
Whichismorevaluable,healthorwealth?
Whichareprettier,theseorthose?
Wehadsomepaper,andtherestwasputback.,意义一致4,意义一致5,thenumberof(.的数量),thevarietyof(种类)用单数谓语,anumberof(许多,大量),avarietyof(各种各样的.)用复数谓语,1.Thenumberoftrafficaccidents_(have)increased.2.Anumberofchildren_(like)thissong.3.Thereareavarietyoftoysonsaleinthatshop.4.Thevarietyofgoodsonsaleinthatshopissurprising.,has,like,意义一致6,意义一致6,表示时间,金钱,距离,重量等复数名词作主语时,被看作整体时谓语用单数,Sixtyyearsisalongtime.Tendollarsisenoughforhim.Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.Fiftykilogramsisnottoolongtobecarried.,*如强调具体数目,则用复数。
Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.Morethanfiftyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.,Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.,“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人,谓语用复数,eg.thedead,theliving,therich,thepoor,thedisabled,thesickThesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.,但如果指事物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数.,意义一致7,Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher_(know)whathappened.There_(be)anapple,twobananas,fiveorangesinthebasket.,就近原则,指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语,而无须考虑其他的词,knows,is,就近原则1,就近原则2,并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致?
1.Youorhe_toblame.你或他有一人要受责备。
2._youorhetoblame?
受责备的是你还是他?
Ais,IsBare,AreCis,AreDare,Is,答案:
C,就近一致,谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?
WeChinese_ahard-workingpeopleAisBareCisbeingDarebeing,此题应选B。
主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致),而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致),本题意为:
我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。
Theteacherwithtwostudents_atthemeeting.(was/were)2.Awomanwithababyinherarms_waitingforthebusintherain.AwasBwereChasDhave3.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play,was,A,A,ExerciseandRules,ExerciseandRules,3.ReadingEnglishpapersandmagazines_helpfultoourstudyofEnglish.(is/are)4.Whetherhecomesornot_ofnomatter.(is/are)5.Tosay_onething;todo_another.(is/are)6.Listening,speaking,readingandwriting_fourskillsforEnglishstudy.(is/are)7.Wheretofindtheplantandwhattodowithit_stilltheproblemstosettle.(is/are),is,is,is,is,are,are,ExerciseandRules,8.Manyaboy_madesuchafunnyexperiment.A.haveB.areC.hasD.is9.Everymeans_beentriedsincethen.A.hasB.wereC.wasD.hasbeen10.Eachactorand(each)actress_invitedtoourschool.(is/are)11.Everyboyand(every)girl_gotatoytrain.(has/have)12.Noteacherandnostudent_tohaveclassesonSunday.(agree/agrees),C,A,is,has,agrees,ExerciseandRules,15.70percentofthesurface_coveredwithwater.(is/are)16.70percentofthefarmers_improvedtheirlivingconditions.(have/has)17.Therestofhisjourney_pleasant.(was/were)18.Therestofthegirls_fondofmusic.(is/are)19.Allofyourwork_welldone.(is/are)20.Allofyouranswers_correct.(is/are),is,have,was,are,is,are,ExerciseandRules,23.Eitherthegirlortheboy_fromCanada.(is/are)24.Notonlythedoorbutalsothewindows_open.(is/are)25.NeitheryounorI_theanswer.(knows/know)26.NotyoubutI_wrong.(am/are/is)Youorhe_totakepartinthecompetition.(is/are),is,are,know,am,is,
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