大学英语四六级写作讲稿.docx
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大学英语四六级写作讲稿.docx
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大学英语四六级写作讲稿
大学英语四六级写作讲稿
一.四六级作文测试基本要求及分析
1.四级考试写作要求:
《大学英语教学大纲》和《大学英语课程教学基本要求》都对培养学生的英语写作能力做了明确规定,即学生能在半小时内完成120字左右的短文,包括书信等应用问题写作,要求文理基本通顺,表达思想清楚,无重大语法错误。
通过分析历年的真题,我们不难发现:
英语作文考查的类型基本包括议论文(一般为三段论式的论说文字),说明文(目前侧重于这方面的写作训练),图表作文(要求描述性的语言要贴近图表信息,真实反映语言水平)和应用文写作(包括书信、便条、通知、海报等)。
2.近年四级写作改革变化追踪
2005.6InHonourofTeachersontheOccasionofTeacher’sDay(演讲致辞型)
2005.12ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?
(议论文)
2006.6Anannouncementforavoluntaryprogram(应用文)
2006.12CCTVSpringFestivalGala(议论文)
2007.6ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?
(议论文)
2007.12Electivecoursestochoose(议论文)
2008.6Recreationalactivities(议论文)
从上面的题目变化趋势看,描述现象、分析原因、个人看法仍是四、六级考试写作部分主要考查的重点,在今后相当长的时间内,英语写作教学和辅导的主要突破口应集中在说明文、议论文和应用文上
此外,仔细研究06年6月24日以后的四级试卷,我们还可发现,新四级的写作题目与校园生活密切相关,学生普遍感觉亲切,体裁包括两篇议论文,一篇应用文。
不仅如此,新四级写作题中提供的文章框架清晰,思路比较明确,绝大多数考生都能利用“经典句型”或“万能模板”写出及格的作文。
尽管新四级前两次都考查了议论文,但这并不能说明写作的重心有任何偏移。
根据考试改革方案和课程教学要求的相关规定,应用文写作、说明文和议论文仍将是新四级作文的主攻方向。
3.时间配置:
30分钟
1)审题(3分钟):
2)写作(25分钟):
3)检查(2分钟):
语法(时态、冠词、主谓一致)、拼写、标点
4.具体要求:
1)语言第一位:
表达通顺、无重大语言错误
(1)基础一般:
简单原则、安全第一(“平淡如水”、“简洁就是美”、“绚烂之极,归于平淡“,,“与其写一个错误的复杂句,不如写一个正确的简单句。
”
(2)基础较好:
句子结构词多变
2)结构第二位:
(1)逻辑性:
A.并列:
and/or/but
B.因果:
because/inthat,since/as,for
C.转折:
but/however
(2)关联词:
3)内容第三位
二.四级写作高分策略
新四级考试并没有改变对写作的测试标准和要求,但在出题顺序上却做了明显的调整:
写作作为第一项考查的内容,被提到新四级试卷的最开头,这令许多考生感觉不适应,部分网友甚至认为这是在折腾考生。
其实,提高写作能力虽然较难,但写作教学却是一片大有可为的沃土。
在过去十多年的英语写作辅导中,笔者坚持认为:
考生如果坚持做到如下几点,就不难在规定的时间内写出一篇成功的英语作文。
1.制造语言亮点
A.尝试使用中高级词汇替代低级词汇(主要是形容词和副词)
Goodresults-----favorableresults
Badeffects-------negativeeffects
Bigchanges------greatchanges;
(Data)showthat-----indicate;demonstrate
Important--------significant;crucial;vital
Moreandmore(problems等名词)-------anincreasingnumberof(problems)
Moreandmore(important等形容词或副词)-------increasingly(important)
Allkindsof--------avarietyof
Many-----------anumberof
Dealwith-------tackle
Possible--------likely(可用人或讨论的问题做主语)
B.英语四六级考试写作30个最经典替换词
1.individuals,characters,folks替换(people,persons)
2:
positive,favorable,rosy(美好的),promising
(有希望的),perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替换good
3:
dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替换bad
如果bad做表语,可以有belessimpressive替换
eg.Anarmyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,theyrecordsarelessimpressive.
4.(anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,ahostof,many,ifnotmost)替换many.
注:
用many,ifnotmost一定要小心,many后一定要有词。
Eg.Manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat….同理用most,ifnotall,替换most.
5:
asliceof,quietafew,several替换some
6:
harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,
holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,
itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat)替think
(因为是书面语,所以要加that)
7:
affair,business,matter替换thing
8:
shared代common
9.reaphugefruits替换getmanybenefits)
10:
formypart,frommyownperspective替换inmyopinion
11:
Increasing(ly),growing替换moreandmore(注意没有growingly这种形式。
所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.
Eg.sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity.
popularwiththeadvancementofsth.
12.littleifanything,或littleornothing替换hardly
13..beneficial,rewarding替换helpful,
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser,替换customer
15.exceedingly,extremely,intensely替换very
16.hardlynecessary,hardlyinevitable...替换unnecessary,avoidable
17.sthappealstosb,sthexertsatremendousfascinationonsb替换sbtakeinterestin/sb.beinterestedin
18.captureone'sattention替换attractone'sattention.
19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
20.beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof代indicate,suggest,fear
21.giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger替换cause.
22.Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth替换..reasonsforsth
23.desire替换want.
24.pourattentioninto替换payattentionto
25.bearinmindthat替换remember
26.enjoy,possess替换have(注意process是过程的意思)
27.interaction替换communication
28.frownonsth替换beagainst,disagreewithsth
29.tonameonlyafew,asanexample替换forexample,forinstance
30.nextto/virtuallyimpossible,替换nearly/almostimpossible
C.几个不能随意使用的词
“good”,”bad”,”terrible”,”something”这几个词在学生作文中反复出现。
这几个词本身并没有问题,是英语常用词,但是,很多情况下,应该使用意义更准确的词。
学生使用这几个词是因为懒惰,词汇量贫乏或者是缺乏修改。
四、六级作文要求的字数很少,一个意思只能用一个句子表达,句子里的关键词就要力求准确。
good
原稿:
Sportsaredefinitelygoodformentalhealth.
改后稿:
Sportsarebeneficialtoone’smentalhealth.
原稿:
Travelerscanmeetwithpeopleformotherpartsoftheworldandmaydevelopagoodrelationship.
改后稿:
Travelersareabletomakefriendswithpeopleallovertheworld.
bad
原稿:
Somefakeandshoddygoodsarebadforpeople'shealth.
改后稿:
Fakegoodscanbedangeroustoone’shealth.
terrible
原稿:
Nowadays,thecityhasalotofproblems,terribletraffic,pollutedair,toomuchnoises,etc.
改后稿:
Today,manycitiessufferfromtrafficcongestionandairandnoisepollution.
something
原稿:
Thereissomethingmoreimportantandthatmoneycan’tbuy,forexample,love.
改后稿:
Therearemoreimportantthingsthanmoneysuchaslove.
原稿:
Itmeansthatpeoplecanmastersomethingperfectlybypracticingit.
改后稿:
Themeaningisthatwithconstantpractice,youcanmasterwhatyousetoutto.
2.捕获闪光词
基本表达(BasicElementsofEnglishWriting):
越来越:
beincreasingly+adj., beontherise, thegrowingnumberof
人们认为:
itis generally/widely believed/held/agreed that
许多问题:
ahostof/anumberof problems
引起人们注意:
claimcall/attractgeneral/public/worldattentiontosth.
意识到:
thereisagrowingawareness/realizationof/that, awakensb.tothefact/danger
适应新的形势/变化:
adapt/adjust/accommodateoneselftonewenvironment/change
接触各种思想/经历:
beexposedtonewideas/experiences/problems
接触社会:
comeintofrequent/closecontactwiththeworld/society
获得成功:
achieve/accomplishsuccess
提出观点/建议:
advance/putforward/comeupwith thearguments/ideas/suggestions
作出努力:
maketremendous/persistent/sustainedefforttodosth.,takegreatpainstodo(withwork/study)
影响学习/工作:
interferewithstudies/work
产生影响:
have/exertaprofoundinfluenceonlife/personality,haveadramatic/undesirableeffecton
较好地驾驭生活:
beabetterpilotofone'slife
剥夺机会/权力:
depriveoneselfofthechance/right/opportunity
取代旧的方式:
substitutefor/taketheplaceoftheoldway
采取措施:
takeeffectivesteps/measuresto
控制我们的环境:
take/gainincreasingcontroloverourownenvironment
躲避危险/挑战:
shy/runawayfromthedangers/challenge
满足要求:
meet/satisfy/accommodatethedemandof
补偿损失:
compensatefor/makeupfortheloss/damage
解释某现象:
accountfor/explainthephenomenon
对……很好的了解:
haveabetterunderstanding/appreciationof,haveanewperspectiveon.provide/gainaninsightinto
把某因素考虑进去:
takesth.Intoaccount(consideration),givemuchthoughtto
品位人生/自由/青春:
savorthelife/freedom/youth
培养对……的信心:
develop/fosterone'sinterest/confidencein
经历变化/困难/艰险:
undergo/experiencegreatchanges/hardships/experience
表现出自信心等:
projectone'sconfidence/feeling/image
生活充满不公正的地方:
lifeisfullofminorirritation/injustice
追求学习/职业:
pursueone'sacademicinterest/professionalcareer
学习知识/技术:
pursue/acquireknowledge/technology/skill
被看作学习的……榜样:
beheldupasagoodexample
交流经验/知识:
shareexperience/ideas/problems/knowledge
发挥/起到重要作用:
playan(important/active/great)role/part
逃学/缺课:
skipschool/aclass/ameeting/alecture
知识/经验丰富:
richinknowledge/experience
确立/追求目标:
set/pursueagoal/higherstandard
到达目标:
achieve/accomplish/stainthegoal/aim/objective
克服困难:
overcomeobstacles/difficulty
面临危险/困难:
beconfronted/faced with/inthefaceofdanger/difficulty
阻碍了成功:
standinthewayofsuccess,beanobstacle/barriertosuccess/growth
阻碍了发展:
hamper/impede/stuntthedevelopmentof
持传统的看法:
holdconventionalwisdom
发表看法:
voice/expressone'sopinion
持相反/合理的观点:
taketheopposite/freshview
揭穿某种一贯的说法:
shatterthemythof
求得帮助:
enlistone'ssupport/help
缩小差别:
bridge/narrow/fillthegap/gulf(betweencityandcountry)
把成功/错误归咎于:
attribute/ownthesuccess/failureto
对……重要:
beindispensable/important/vitalto
施加压力:
put/exertaacademicpressureon
重视:
assign/attachmuchimportance/significanceto
强调:
place/putmuchemphasis/stress/valueon
把注意力集中在:
focus/concentrateone'sattention/efforts/thoughtsupon
提供机会/信息:
provide/offer/furnishanopportunity/informationforsb.
抓住机会:
grab/seize/taketheopportunity
得到机会:
enjoy/gainaccesstoaopportunity/information
有可能:
thereis(little/much)possibility/likelihoodthat,chances/theoddsarethat
展开竞争:
competeagainst/withsb.fortheprize/position/control/themasteryof
开展运动:
conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising)campaign(for/against)
对我很有/没有什么意义:
makemuch/littlesensetome
带来无穷的幸福/满足:
beasourceofhappinesssatisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint
献身于:
devote/dedicate/commitoneselftoacause/career
大不(没什么)两样:
makemuch(little/no)difference
真正重要的是:
whatreallymatters/accountsis…
改变生活旅程:
change/alterthecourseoflife
建立在大量的学习/实践上:
builtontremendousamountofstudy/practice
进行调查/执行任务:
conduct/carryoutanstudy/task/experiment
辞去工作/学习:
leave/quitone'sjob/work/school
参加考试/竞赛等:
enter(for)theexamination/contest,race
参加活动/讨论:
takepart/participate/beengagedinsports/activities/discussion
影响思想/态度/事件的形成:
shapeone'sthinking/attitude
进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业:
enteraschool/college/society/theworkforce/professionals
实现自己的理想/愿望:
realize/fulfill/achieveone'sdream(hops/wish/desire)
减轻压力/紧张:
reduce/alleviate/relievethestress/pressure/tension
提高社会地位:
enhance/improve/upgradesocialstatus/position/standingrisetothepositionofleadership
提高技术/能力:
sharpen(increase/improve/enhance/boost)one'sskill/ability
加快/促进发展:
accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost thedevelopmentof
随着生活节奏的加快:
withthequickeningpace/rhythm/tempoofmodernlife/society
开阔眼界/兴趣:
broadenone'sinterest/outlook,expand(broaden/enlarge)one
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