毕业设计外文网站.docx
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毕业设计外文网站.docx
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毕业设计外文网站
毕业设计外文网站
【篇一:
网站毕业设计外文翻译】
website
fromwikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
awebsiteisacollectionofrelatedwebpages,images,videosorotherdigitalassetsthatareaddressedrelativetoacommonuniformresourcelocator(url),oftenconsistingofonlythedomainname,ortheipaddress,andtherootpathinaninternetprotocol-basednetwork.awebsiteishostedonatleastonewebserver,accessibleviaanetworksuchastheinternetoraprivatelocalareanetwork.
awebpageisadocument,typicallywritteninplaintextinterspersedwithformattinginstructionsofhypertextmarkuplanguage(html,xhtml).
awebpagemayincorporateelementsfromotherwebsiteswithsuitablemarkupanchors.
webpagesareaccessedandtransportedwiththehypertexttransferprotocol(http),whichmayoptionallyemployencryption(httpsecure,https)toprovidesecurityandprivacyfortheuserofthewebpagecontent.theusersapplication,oftenawebbrowser,rendersthepagecontentaccordingtoitshtmlmarkupinstructionsontoadisplayterminal.
allpubliclyaccessiblewebsitescollectivelyconstitutetheworldwideweb.thepagesofawebsitecanusuallybeaccessedfromasimpleuniformresourcelocatorcalledthehomepage.theurlsofthepagesorganizethemintoahierarchy,althoughhyperlinkingbetweenthemconveysthereadersperceivedsitestructureandguidesthereadersnavigationofthesite.somewebsitesrequireasubscriptiontoaccesssomeoralloftheircontent.examplesofsubscriptionsitesincludemanybusinesssites,partsofmanynewssites,academicjournalsites,gamingsites,messageboards,web-basede-mail,socialnetworkingwebsites,andsitesprovidingreal-timestockmarketdata.
1.history
beforetheintroductionofhtmlandhttp,otherprotocolssuchasfile
transferprotocolandthegopherprotocolwereusedtoretrieveindividualfilesfromaserver.theseprotocolsofferasimpledirectorystructurewhichtheusernavigatesandchoosesfilestodownload.documentsweremostoftenpresentedasplaintextfileswithoutformattingorwereencodedinwordprocessorformats.
2.overview
organizedbyfunction,awebsitemaybe
(1)apersonalwebsite
(2)acommercialwebsite
(3)agovernmentwebsite
(4)anon-profitorganizationwebsite
itcouldbetheworkofanindividual,abusinessorotherorganization,andistypicallydedicatedtosomeparticulartopicorpurpose.anywebsitecancontainahyperlinktoanyotherwebsite,sothedistinctionbetweenindividualsites,asperceivedbytheuser,maysometimesbeblurred.
websitesarewrittenin,ordynamicallyconvertedtohtml(hypertextmarkuplanguage)andareaccessedusingasoftwareinterfaceclassifiedasauseragent.webpagescanbeviewedorotherwiseaccessedfromarangeofcomputer-basedandinternet-enableddevicesofvarioussizes,includingdesktopcomputers,laptops,pdasandcellphones.
awebsiteishostedonacomputersystemknownasawebserver,alsocalledanhttpserver,andthesetermscanalsorefertothesoftwarethatrunsonthesesystemsandthatretrievesanddeliversthewebpagesinresponsetorequestsfromthewebsiteusers.apacheisthemostcommonlyusedwebserversoftware(accordingtonetcraftstatistics)andmicrosoftsinternetinformationserver(iis)isalsocommonlyused.
3.staticwebsite
astaticwebsiteisonethathaswebpagesstoredontheserverintheformatthatissenttoaclientwebbrowser.itisprimarilycodedinhypertextmarkuplanguage(html).
simpleformsormarketingexamplesofwebsites,suchasclassicwebsite,afive-pagewebsiteorabrochurewebsiteareoftenstaticwebsites,becausetheypresentpre-defined,staticinformationtotheuser.thismayinclude
informationaboutacompanyanditsproductsandservicesviatext,photos,animations,audio/videoandinteractivemenusandnavigation.
thistypeofwebsiteusuallydisplaysthesameinformationtoallvisitors.similartohandingoutaprintedbrochuretocustomersorclients,astaticwebsitewillgenerallyprovideconsistent,standardinformationforanextendedperiodoftime.althoughthewebsiteownermaymakeupdatesperiodically,itisamanualprocesstoeditthetext,photosandothercontentandmayrequirebasicwebsitedesignskillsandsoftware.
insummary,visitorsarenotabletocontrolwhatinformationtheyreceiveviaastaticwebsite,andmustinsteadsettleforwhatevercontentthewebsiteownerhasdecidedtoofferatthattime.
theyareeditedusingfourbroadcategoriesofsoftware:
(1)texteditors,suchasnotepadortextedit,wherecontentandhtmlmarkuparemanipulateddirectlywithintheeditorprogram
(2)wysiwygofflineeditors,suchasmicrosoftfrontpageandadobedreamweaver(previouslymacromediadreamweaver),withwhichthesiteiseditedusingaguiinterfaceandthefinalhtmlmarkupisgeneratedautomaticallybytheeditorsoftware
(3)wysiwygonlineeditorswhichcreatemediarichonlinepresentationlikewebpages,widgets,intro,blogs,andotherdocuments.
(4)template-basededitors,suchasrapidweaverandiweb,whichallowuserstoquicklycreateanduploadwebpagestoawebserverwithoutdetailedhtmlknowledge,astheypickasuitabletemplatefromapaletteandaddpicturesandtexttoitinadesktoppublishingfashionwithoutdirectmanipulationofhtmlcode.
4.dynamicwebsite
adynamicwebsiteisonethatchangesorcustomizesitselffrequentlyandautomatically,basedoncertaincriteria.
dynamicwebsitescanhavetwotypesofdynamicactivity:
codeandcontent.dynamiccodeisinvisibleorbehindthescenesanddynamiccontentisvisibleorfullydisplayed.
(1)dynamiccode
thefirsttypeisawebpagewithdynamiccode.thecodeisconstructeddynamicallyontheflyusingactiveprogramminglanguageinsteadofplain,
statichtml.
awebsitewithdynamiccodereferstoitsconstructionorhowitisbuilt,andmorespecificallyreferstothecodeusedtocreateasinglewebpage.adynamicwebpageisgeneratedontheflybypiecingtogethercertainblocksofcode,proceduresorroutines.adynamically-generatedwebpagewouldcallvariousbitsofinformationfromadatabaseandputthemtogetherinapre-definedformattopresentthereaderwithacoherentpage.itinteractswithusersinavarietyofwaysincludingbyreadingcookiesrecognizingusersprevioushistory,sessionvariables,serversidevariablesetc.,orbyusingdirectinteraction(formelements,mouseovers,etc.).asitecandisplaythecurrentstateofadialoguebetweenusers,monitorachangingsituation,orprovideinformationinsomewaypersonalizedtotherequirementsoftheindividualuser.
(2)dynamiccontent
thesecondtypeisawebsitewithdynamiccontentdisplayedinplainview.variablecontentisdisplayeddynamicallyontheflybasedoncertaincriteria,usuallybyretrievingcontentstoredinadatabase.
awebsitewithdynamiccontentreferstohowitsmessages,text,imagesandotherinformationaredisplayedonthewebpageandmorespecificallyhowitscontentchangesatanygivenmoment.thewebpagecontentvariesbasedoncertaincriteria,eitherpre-definedrulesorvariableuserinput.forexample,awebsitewithadatabaseofnewsarticlescanuseapre-definedrulewhichtellsittodisplayallnewsarticlesfortodaysdate.thistypeofdynamicwebsitewillautomaticallyshowthemostcurrentnewsarticlesonanygivendate.anotherexampleofdynamiccontentiswhenaretailwebsitewithadatabaseofmediaproductsallowsausertoinputasearchrequestforthekeywordbeatles.inresponse,thecontentofthewebpagewillspontaneouslychangethewayitlookedbefore,andwillthendisplayalistofbeatlesproductslikecds,dvdsandbooks.
5.softwaresystems
thereisawiderangeofsoftwaresystems,suchasjavaserverpages(jsp),thephpandperlprogramminglanguages,activeserverpages(asp),yumaandcoldfusion(cfml)thatareavailabletogeneratedynamicwebsystemsanddynamicsites.sitesmayalsoincludecontentthatisretrieved
fromoneormoredatabasesorbyusingxml-basedtechnologiessuchasrss.
staticcontentmayalsobedynamicallygeneratedeitherperiodically,orifcertainconditionsforregenerationoccur(cached)inordertoavoidtheperformancelossofinitiatingthedynamicengineonaper-userorper-connectionbasis.
pluginsareavailabletoexpandthefeaturesandabilitiesofwebbrowsers,whichusethemtoshowactivecontent,suchasmicrosoftsilverlight,adobeflash,adobeshockwaveorappletswritteninjava.dynamichtmlalsoprovidesforuserinteractivityandrealtimeelementupdatingwithinwebpages(iepagesdonthavetobeloadedorreloadedtoeffectanychanges),mainlyusingthedocumentobjectmodel(dom)andjavascript,supportwhichisbuilt-intomostmodernwebbrowsers.
turningawebsiteintoanincomesourceisacommonpracticeforwebdevelopersandwebsiteowners.thereareseveralmethodsforcreatingawebsitebusinesswhichfallintotwobroadcategories,asdefinedbelow.
(1)content-basedsite
somewebsitesderiverevenuebysellingadvertisingspaceonthesite(seecontextualadvertising).
(2)product-orservice-basedsites
somewebsitesderiverevenuebyofferingproductsorservicesforsale.inthecaseofe-commercewebsites,theproductsorservicesmaybepurchasedatthewebsiteitself,byenteringcreditcardorotherpaymentinformationintoapaymentformonthesite.whilemostbusinesswebsitesserveasashopwindowforexistingbrickandmortarbusinesses,itisincreasinglythecasethatsomewebsitesarebusinessesintheirownright;thatis,theproductstheyofferareonlyavailableforpurchaseontheweb.
websitesoccasionallyderiveincomefromacombinationof
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