高考英语语法复习讲义.docx
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高考英语语法复习讲义.docx
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高考英语语法复习讲义
前言
《高考英语基础知识大练兵》集“语法知识、解题技巧、考前精练”于一体,全书分“基础篇”和“提高篇”。
基础篇中包括“表格语法、专项强化训练、基础知识综合训练”和高考必备的单词及常见的短语;提高篇中包括“完形解析、阅读尝试、英文书面表达”等项目。
《高考英语基础知识大练兵》的语法知识,以表格形式呈现给读者,无一般语法书冗赘的语言描述,这一鲜明的特点使学生易读、易懂、易记,这是本书主编刘秋云女士多年教学实践的积累,并通过多届高考复习工作实践的检验,证明是行之有效的。
语法部分的内容难易穿插搭配,让学生复习起来感觉轻松自如,对应每一节内容还配有一定量的强化练习,学生可以一边复习基础知识,一边检测自己的复习效果;百篇改错练习题能够帮助学生进一步巩固所学的基础语法和词汇知识。
完形解析和阅读尝试部分严格仿照高考题型,从国外书报中精选文章,组织经验丰富的老师自行编写,每道试题都是经过反复推敲而设定的。
根据完形填空试题的特点,侧重近义词的比较和具体语言环境中词的使用,学生练习时要特别注意文章自身内部的逻辑关系,前后照应、上下联系“瞻前顾后”考虑确定答案;阅读理解部分所选的文章覆盖方方面面的题材和体裁,学生阅读后不仅能起到复习和巩固知识的作用,而且还能增长知识、拓宽视野,了解国际政治、文化、历史、地理等许多领域里的知识。
英文书面表达训练试题,根据提供背景的不同方式分为“看图类、表格类”和“文字提示”等。
看图类作文要求学生观察所给图画,然后用英语把图画中的事物描述清楚告诉读者;表格类作文通过“文字表格、图表、线形图表、圆柱状图表”和“饼状图表”等提供作文背景;文字提示类包含应用文、说明文和议论文等体裁。
参加本书编写的有刘秋云、王耀文等。
因为时间仓促,书中难免会有不足之处,希望广大读者使用后多提宝贵意见,以便再版时修正。
目录
一、表格语法
(一)名词数、格;数词……………………………………………..
(二)冠词……………………………………………………………..
(三)代词………………………………………………………………
(四)形容词、副词及其比较等级…………………………………….
(五)虚拟语气………………………………………………………..
(六)非谓语动词……………………………………………………….
(七)主谓一致………………………………………………………….
(八)倒装句……………………………………………………………..
(九)情态动词…………………………………………………………
(一十)动词的时态…………………………………………………………
(一十一)定语从句及引导词……………………………………………
(一十二)状语从句及引导词……………………………………………
(一十三)名词性从句及引导词………………………………………….
(一十四)反意疑问句及特殊情况的处理…………………………………
二、强化训练试题
(一)名词数、格以及数词练习………………………………………..
(二)冠词练习…………………………………………………………..
(三)代词练习……………………………………………………………
(四)形容词、副词及其比较等级的练习………………………………..
(五)虚拟语气练习………………………………………………………..
(六)非谓语动词练习……………………………………………………..
(七)主谓一致练习……………………………………………..
(八)倒装句练习………………………………………………..
(九)情态动词练习………………………………………………
(一十)动词时态的练习……………………………………………
(一十一)定语从句(同位语从句)练习………………………………
(一十二)状语从句练习……………………………………………
(一十三)名词性从句练习…………………………………………
(一十四)反意疑问句练习…………………………………………
三、基础知识综合训练
(一)连词综合训练………………………………………………
(二)词与词组辨别……………………………………………….
(三)短语动词与高考…………………………………………….
(四)高考单项填空专项练习………………………………………
(五)单句改错训练………………………………………………..
(六)短文改错训练………………………………………………..
一、GrammarForm语法表格
(一)名词的数、格数词
1.n+s
2.s,x,ch,sh,+es
3.元+y+s辅+y+ies
4.o+es
5.f(fe)+ves
map
computer
house
horse
classes
boxes
benches
brushes
但:
stomach
key-toy-
boy-
destroy-
spy-
country-
hero-tomato-
potato-Negro-
zero-
但:
radio-photo-
piano-zoo---
wife-life-leaf-
shelf-knife-
wolf-handkerchief-
但:
roofserfbeliefchiefgulfproof
6.组合词-变主干
7.全变
8.不变
9.抽象名词(不+s,前不+a).但可用量词
10.名词所有格
looker-on
bus-driver
book-shop
bus-stop
coffeecup
papertiger
goldwatch
applepie
boy-student
tooth-brush
pencil-box
grown-up
go-between
brother-in-law
son-in-law
但:
man-doctor
woman-doctor
gentleman-farmer
mouse—
ox—
foot—
tooth—
man—
woman---
child---
phenomenon-
Englishman—
Dutchman--
但:
German--
sheep—sheep
deer—deer
fish—fish
bellows—bellows
means—means
people—people
Chinese—Chinese
Japanese--Japanese
advice
news
information
fun
work
weather
homework
wood
hair
progress
sugar
oil(用much)
用apieceof
asuitofacupof
apairofabagof
asetofaglassof
abowlofapileof
abottleof
人后+’s;物后不+’s
boy—boy’sMaryandTom’’sroom
boys—boys’Mary’sandTom’’srooms
Charler’sbook+Charles’book
Atthedoctor’s/atthetailor’s
但:
thedooroftheroom
afriendofmine
Tom’suncle’s
特殊名词:
Thepolice+(be)
Thepeople
Thepublic+are(is)
Thefamily
Theclass+are(is)
Theteam
Theclothes
Thetrousers+(be)
Theglasses
Asiutofclothes+(be)
Twosuitsof+(be)
Asetofbooks+(be)
区别:
glass-----glasses
paper-----papers
good-----goods
look-----looks
数词
1.数词无复数
2.数词+s+of
3.连字符号+单名(无复数)
fivehundredpeople
tenthousandstudents
twomillioncitizens
sixdozentrees
但:
twodozenofthetrees
thousandsof
millionsof
dozensof
scoresof
two-hundredpeople
afive-thousand-wordarticle
aneight-meter-widewall
afive-year-oldboy
但:
Heisfiveyearsold.
Itisawallfivemeterswide.
=Itisafive-meter-widewall
5.afew
few
many
agoodmany+可数名词
agreatmany
manya+名词单数+动词单数
agreatnumberof
4.分数/百分数/点数/加减乘除
3分子基(大于1)
4分母序(+s)
2__1__
34
21
5
20percentof60percentof
8.56
2+3=5(plus)3-1=2(minus)
3×5=15(times)6÷3=2(dividedby)
6.anhourortwoonMay1=onthefirstofMay
=oneandtwohours=onMaythefirst
7.每隔:
everytwohours
everyotherday
everysecondday
8.年代/分钟
1999年3月5日
20世纪90年代
8点10分/7点差5分
020-7789715(电话)
much
alittle
little+不可数名词
agreatdealof
alargeamountof
9.n+基数词
Class2Gate4Room203Page2
WorldWarTwoRoad23Street3
alotof
plentyof+可(不可)名
alargequantityof
10.基数词+n+ed
twenty-storiedbuilding
three-leggedtable/five-coloredglass
11.a+序数词=又,再asecond
(二)冠词
a,an
+the
不+the
1.辅音音标前+a
1.彼此知道:
或第二次提到;
open______door
Whereis_____door?
1.专有名词IlikeXScience
不可数名词Xmusic
抽象名词但__musicofMozard
2.元音音标前+an
2.定修饰:
_____maninred
in___winterof1980
2.球类playXbasketball
棋类Xchess
三餐饭haveXlunch
但:
have___nicelunch
What____gooddinner!
3.第一次提到或表示一个(一支,一本):
a
eg:
-----Haveyouseen____pen?
-----Isit____blackone?
3.独一无二:
___sun,___earth
___sky,___moon
但:
inXspace
3.星期onxSunday
季节inxwinter
月份onxFebruary12
Day节日onxTeachers’day
但:
In__winterof1998/_____SpringFestival.
4.类别:
Abird….
Thebird…
Birds…..
____horsesrunfasterthan___dogs
____deerisbiggerthanacat
____elephantisbiggerthanthedog
4.方位:
方向.in___south
in__north
但:
___SouthChina
___NorthAmerica
LiexsouthofChina
50miles__eastofit
4.职位Weelecthimxmonitor
称呼xFather,getup!
官位WemadehimxPresident
Fatherandson
Teacherandstudent
5.固定搭配haveacold
haveadrink
havearest
haveaclass
haveaninterestin
inahurry
asaresult
onceayear
5.乐器play____piano
play____violin
play____guitar
5.泛指Allpersonsarepolite.
学科IlikexChinese.
Pleasehelpxothers.
但:
theChineselanguage
theJapaneselanguage
Englishisaknowledge.
6.+a或an
___one-leggedman___“f”letter
___university
___usefultool___umbrella
___uncle
___Europeanboy
___“x”letter.___honestman
__eight-year-oldboy
6.序,形容词最高级
theninth
theninetieth
themostnecessary
但:
asecond又;再
athird
6..固定搭配:
gotothecinema
themeeting
thetheatre
attableatthetable
inhospitalinthehospital
inprisonintheprison
takeplacetaketheplaceof
inplaceofbymistake
7_____differentkindofanimals
Giveme____coffeeand__beer.
….samebooksof____type.
….asmuch___artas…
…toohard_____jobto….
…sodifficult____Englishbook…
What____usefultool!
What____greatsurprise!
7.江河,海洋,山脉,湖泊,岛屿
及含普通名词的专有名词.
thePacific
theMountain
theYellowRiver
theGreatWall
theWestLake
theTaiWangIsland
但:
XMountTai
insightoutofsight
catchsightofgotobed
gotocollegegotoschool
afterschoolafterclass
bythehourbyhand
withhandinink
outofquestioninbed
inpublicatseainthesea
bytheseawithone’shand
8.某一家人:
TheTurnersare….
某某家里:
gotoTurner’s
atxinternationaltrade
theEnglishlanguage
9.the+形=某一类人(动复)
Therich_____rich.
Thewounded_____there.
TheEnglish____polite.
Theblind_____blind.
1)___knowledgeofEnglishis_____
mustat__internationaltrade.
2)KunMinis_____placewith____
warmwinterandcoolSummer
(三)代词
1.人称代词
主格所有格宾格格物主代词反身代词
1
you
you
he
she
they
we
it
2.两者each
either
neither
both
eg:
On____sidesoftheroadaretrees
On____sideoftheroadaretrees
Youcansiton___sideoftheboat
Eachofyou___here.Theyeach__(已来)
Bothofyou____here
Eitherofyou___here
Neitherofyou____there
3.三者以上:
all
none
noone
every
eg:
All____presentatthemeeting
All____goingonwell
____ofyou___kind
___hascome
Everything___ok
Manystudentsareon___sideofthestreet
(each,every)
____cantakethebooksout
(Every,Each)
4.one…….theother
some……others(other+名词复数)
other(泛指),theother(特指)
another(又,再)不相同的另外一个(一组)
eg:
Ihavetwopens,oneisred,___isblack
Somearesinging,___arepainting
Hereare60boys,20boysarereading,
whatabout_______?
Idon’tlikethispencil,pleaseshowme___
Ihavehadonecupoftea,pleasegiveme__
I’llread______(再读五本书)
Weshouldreadytohelp______
5it1.指人Whois____?
It’sme
2.指天气_____isfine
3.形式宾语主语+V+it+形+(forsb.)todo
4.形式主语It+is+-----+that
5.强调Itis+that(who)
eg:
Ifounditeasy_______(todo,todoit)
Ifoundithard_______(背诵)
Itwasnotuntil6o’clock______hecame
It______EnglishandmathsthatIenjoyed
(was,were)
6.some(something,someone)肯或请求对方肯定回答
any(anything,anyone)否或条件状语从句
肯定句中表示任何
eg:
Wouldyoulike____tea?
Willyoupleasegiveme___advice?
Whatabout____coffee?
Haveyou___ink?
Ihavenot___moneyinmypocket
Idon’thave___ideaofit
Ifyouhave___questions,pleaseaskme
Youcancomehereat___time
7.疑问词+ever-----无论(主语或宾语)
=nomatter+疑(状语)
whichever=whatever=
wherever=whenever=
whoever=however+形=
______goeshomefirstshouldwashbowls
(Who,Whoever)
______youcomehereshouldtellme
(When,Whenever)
Idon’tbelieve_____yousaid(whatever,that)
______tiredIam,I’llcomeon(However,How)
8.one
ones
this(these)
that(those)
what(who,which,whose)
Ilikethiskindofbike,I'llbuy______
Theredpensarenicerthantheblack_____
Theairinthiscityiscleanerthan___inBeijing
____pronunciationisthebestinyourgrade?
(四)形、.副.及其比较级和.最高级
1连系动词+形
feel
taste
smell+good
lookterrible
become
sound
get
Idon’
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