ARGUMENT精华.docx
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ARGUMENT精华.docx
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ARGUMENT精华
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模板
Inthisargument,theargueradvocatesthat[mainidea].Althoughthisargumentmightseemreasonableatfirstglance,itisinfactill-conceived.Thereasonsarestatedasfollows.
Inthefirstplace,thearguerassumesthat[fallacy1].Althoughthisisentirelypossible,theargueroffersnoevidencetosubstantiatethiscrucialassumption.Itisverylikelythat[reason1].Anappropriateexampleisnotveryfartoseek.[example1].Thearguer'sreasoningisdefinitelyflawedunlessthearguercanconvincemethattheseandotherpossiblescenariosareunlikely.
Inthesecondplace,thearguerassumesthat[fallacy2].Nevertheless,thereisnoguaranteethatitisnecessarilythecase,andthearguerdoesnotsupplyanyevidencetoconfirmthisassumption.Itisquitepossiblethat[reason2].Toillustratethispointclearly,letustakealookatthefollowingrepresentativeexample.[example2].Withoutaccountingforandrulingouttheseandotheralternativeexplanations,thearguercannotbolstertherecommendation.
Thelastbutnottheleastimportant,eveniftheevidenceturnsouttosupporttheforegoingassumptions,thearguerjustsimplyassumesthat[fallacy2]andneitheranyconclusivescientificevidencenoranyanecdotalevidenceisprovidedtoaffirmthisassumption.Itisreasonabletodoubtthatwhatthearguerassumeswillnothappeninreality.Itisjustaspossiblethat[reason3].Forexample,[example3].Toreachthecitedconclusion,thearguermustexplaineitherwhynoneofthesealternativesisavailableorwhynoneofthemisabletosustain.
Tosumup,thearguer’sargumentmentionedaboveisnotbasedonvalidevidenceorsoundreasoning,neitherofwhichisdispensableforaconclusiveargument.Inordertodrawabetterconclusion,thearguershouldreasonmoreconvincingly,citesomeevidencethatismorepersuasive,andtakeeverypossibleconsiderationintoaccount.
细节技巧
·and前后变换顺序
·mainidea可以写的长一些
·example中的话尽量写多,尽量写细,尽量写对,不一定非用forexample
剩余时间
·检查拼写
·补充首段
[mainidea]
·inorderto好/boost(sagging)profits/improvetheeconomichealth
·AshouldemulateB’smeasures
[补充首段]
Tobolstertheconclusion,
thearguerprovidestheevidencethat...,
pointsoutthat...
citestheresultofaresentsurveythat...indicatedapreferencefor...
citesdatacollectedduringarecentstudy,suggestingthat...
alongwiththefactthat.../basedonwhichheassumesthat...
Inaddition/Furthermore/Meanwhile,
heprojects/predictsthat
逻辑错误
调查错误
·thesamplingofthestudyisreliable.
Itisverylikelythattheexperimentalandthecontrolgroupsofthestudywerenotrandomlychosen.
Forexample,theyarejust...whichcouldnotrepresentadiversecrosssectionofthepopulation.
画蛇添足
·itisnecessarythat
过去
·beresponsiblefor/contributeto/givebirthto
未来
·thistrendin...willcontinueinthefuture
空间变化
·thesimilarstrategywillcarryasimilarresultat...
另起炉灶
·nocourseofactionotherthantheproposedonewillcontributetotheproblem.
Itisjustaspossiblethatotherproposalsmightalsosolvetheproblem.
Forexample,thereare...
负面影响
·thereisnopossibledetrimentaleffectof...
例子
核心词汇
suchas/especiallyif/
人口因素
·Ahasexperiencedalargegrowthinitspopulation
管理因素
·imprudent(pricinganddistribution)strategiesorpoormanagement
偶然因素
...wasanaberration
先天因素
·...wasmorerelativelyhealthy/relativelybrightthanaveragetobeginwith.
Forexample,theyexerciseregularlyandeathealthily
司机因素
...donothaveenoughsecurityknowledgeinmindordonotkeepalertallthetime.
Forexample,alargeportionofA,whoenjoythefeelingoffreedomandhighspeed,areboldandcareless,whichmaybethelurkingdangerforaccidents.
时间因素
weretravelingduringlesssafetimesoftheday,suchasearlyinthemorning,orduringtwilight
地形因素
thegeographicfeaturesof...aremoreconductivetocauseaccidents.
Forexample,...hasmanysharpturns
天气因素
poorweather
价格因素
thepriceof...hasbeencutdowninordertotoutconsumers
旅游因素
Aisatourresort,sothecustomerswho...aremainlytouristsinsteadoflocalresidents.
宴会因素
mostoftheconsumptionisfromthebigcompany’sinvitationbanquet
品牌因素
AhassomespecialadvantagethatBdonothave-andthatitcannotduplicateinanyothertypes.供求因素
Propertyvaluesareafunctionofsupplyanddemand.
Itisatleastlikelythatthedemandforhousingintheareahappenstorocketdramaticallyduetoaninfluxofmajoremployers.
Inaddition,itispossiblethatthesupplyofhousinghasdecreased.
竞争因素
A’scompetitiveopponentfirmsandcompaniesmovetoothercities.(gobankrupt)
成本因素
thecostfor...mayhasgoneuprapidly,whichwillhavetobeincludedintheretailpriceof...
市场因素
consumptionofothersimilarproductshavealsodeclinedduringthattime,
theamountofwhichmightevenexceedthatof...
价格因素
theearlierproductsareprohibitivelyexpensiveformostconsumers
改革因素
theuniversitybuiltmorelaboratoriesinthepasttwoyears,andthen,itisobviousthatmoremoneywouldspendonthenewprojects.
教授因素
therearetoofewprofessorsofbotanyintheuniversityandthestudents,
althoughlackofinterest,havenochoicebuttoattendThomas'sclass
必修因素
theclassessheteachesarerequirementsforeverysciencestudent.
老师因素
theschoolhiredmoreeffectiveteacherswhoseoutstandingteachingmethodscontributedtotheimprovementof……
新旧因素
...hastoupdateitstrucks,whichareoldandoutofservice,ratherthanaddtoitsnew...
规模因素
thesizeofthefarmshasshrinked.
Forexample,afarmwhichhas30cowsproducingmoremilkthantwofarmseachofwhichhas10cows.
质量因素
...isnotsogood,sopeopleareunwillingtogoto...whenthey...
顾客因素
manycustomersareindeeddisgruntledabout...,buttoobusytotaketimeandefforttoformallycomplain.
领导因素
collegecareer-planningstaffprovidesstudentswithlittleinformationaboutthecurrentjobmarket.
竞争因素
·
theyhavealreadyattendedasimilarcourse
·
therearecheaperbuthighly-qualifiedproductsfromtheformidableopponents/thesurroundingareascomingintheinstantfutureinsomuchastheseproductswilltoutmorecustomersandmakethefuture’ssalessharplydown;
习惯原因
theconsumertastesandhabitshavebecomesowellentrenchedthatconsumerswouldnotbegladtochange.
流行因素
Itiswellknownthatthetasteofthepublicespeciallywhenitcomestosuchvoguecasesas...shiftsquickerthananyonecanimagine.Today’shotissuemaywellbeintomorrow’slandfill.Maybeatthattime...areinthefashiondueto...otherthan...
个人因素
manyunemployedresidentsareunwillingtogotoworkifofferedthechance,fortheirhandsomewelfarecansupporttheirfamilies
提纲
过去销量
上升因素1813142365100156170171176201204217228
thearguerassumesthatnofactorotherthan....
isresponsiblefor/givesbirthto
thesalesincrease.
1.价格因素
ItisatleastlikelythatthepriceofAhasbeencutdowninordertotoutconsumers,ifso,theincreaseofthesalesistheresultofthepreferentialpriceotherthan
·theparticularrelishamongpeople
·healthbenefits
2.品牌因素
ItisatleastlikelyAhassomespecialadvantagethatBdonothave-andthatitcannotduplicateinanyothertypes.Forthat,theincreaseofthesalesistheresultoftheproductsselfotherthantheprice.
3.供求因素
(Property)valuesareafunctionofsupplyanddemand.
Perhapsthedemandforhousingintheareahasincreasedduetoaninfluxofmajoremployers.
Or,perhapsthesupplyofhousinghasdecreased.Eitherscenariowouldprovideanalternativeexplanationfortheincreaseinpropertyvalues.
4.旅游因素
Moreover,itispossiblethat...isatourresort,sothecustomerswho...aremainlytouristsinsteadoflocalresidents.Inthiscase,thebusinessobjectisdifferent,andtheyshouldtrytheirbesttoattractthetouristtopatronizetherestaurant/store.
5.宴会因素
Moreover,itispossiblethatmostoftheconsumptionisfromthebigcompany’sinvitationbanquet.Inthiscase,thebusinessobjectisdifferent,andtheyshouldtrytheirbesttopaymoreattentionindevelopingtherelationwiththecompany.
Sincethearguerhasnotclearlyidentifiedthecauseoftheincrease,
Icannotbeconvincedthat...
·thenewstrategywillreversethatletalonedramatically.
Secondly,evenifthesalesincreaseisattributableto...
下降因素87147190212218232235
thearguerassumesthatnofactorotherthan....
isresponsiblefor/givesbirthto
thesalesdecline
1.价格因素
Itisatleastlikelythat...areprohibitivelyexpensiveforthekeyconsumers,
ifso,thedeclineofthesalesistheresultoftheimprudentpricingotherthan...
·thewaningofinterestamong...
·worryaboutyouthfulviolence
·广告力度
2.制度因素
Moreover,aswellknowntoall,a...mayseeslowgrowthorevendepressionbecauseoffactorsotherthan...
Improperindustrialinitialization,
lackingofinvestmentsorqualifiedworkers,
rigidpolicies
(imprudentdistributionstrategies/poormanagement)
mayallaccountfortheunfavorablesituationofthe...
Thearguerarrivesattheconclusionbeforegivingoutanyresearchingresultregardingthecauseofit.
Iftheproblemdoesnotliein...atall,
the...willbeoflittlehelptotheeconomicsituationofthecity.
3.市场因素
consumptionofothersimilarproductshavealsodeclinedduringthattime,theamountofwhichmightevenexceedthatof...
Ifthemainproblemdoesnotliein...atall,itappearsreasonable,therefore,forthearguertofocusonthesetro
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