外文翻译焊接机器人应用现状.docx
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外文翻译焊接机器人应用现状.docx
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外文翻译焊接机器人应用现状
附录一外文翻译
英文原文
Weldrobotapplicationpresentcondition
Accordingtoincompletestatistics,theworld'sindustrialrobotsinserviceinaboutnearlyhalfoftheindustrialrobotsusedinthefieldofallformsofweldingprocess,weldingrobotapplications,themostpopularplay,therearetwomainmethods,spotweldingandelectricarcwelding.Wecalltheweldingrobotisactuallyaplaceinthefieldofweldingproductionwelderintheindustrialrobotweldingtask.Someoftheseweldingrobotsdesignedassomekindofwelding,andinfactmostoftheweldingrobotisacommonindustrialrobotequippedwithaweldingtoolandcomposition.Inamultitaskingenvironment,arobotcanevenbecompleted,includinggraspingobjectsincludingwelding,handling,installation,welding,unloadingandothertasks,therobotcanplaysumnatureofthetasksundertheprogramtoautomaticallyreplacetherobotwristThetool,completethecorrespondingtask.Therefore,inasense,historyisthedevelopmentofindustrialrobotsweldingrobothistory.
Itiswellknownthatweldingprocessrequiresskilledweldershaveskills,richexperience,stableweldinglevel:
itisapoorworkingconditions,smokemore,heatradiationlarge,high-riskwork.TheemergenceofindustrialrobotsPeoplenaturallythinkfirstofpeopleuseittoreplacemanualwelding,theweldertoreducethelaborintensity,butalsocanensuretheweldingqualityandimprovetheweldingefficiency.
However,weldingandotherindustrialprocessesaredifferent,suchasarcweldingprocess,weldingpartsbyheatingandmeltingandcoolingduetolocaldeformation,weldpathwillthuschange.Handexperienceofthewelderwhenweldingcanbeobservedundertheeyesoftheactuallocationoftimelyadjustmentoftheweldtorchposition,postureandwalkingspeedtoadapttochangesintheweldpath.However,therobotmustadapttothischange,youmustfirstlikepeopleto"see"thechange,andthentaketheappropriatemeasurestoadjustthelocationandstatusoftheguntoachievereal-timetrackingoftheweld.Becausethereisastrongarcweldingprocess,arcnoise,dust,dropletinstabilitycausedbywireshort-circuit,highcurrentmagneticfieldofcomplexenvironmentalfactorssuchastheexistenceofrobotsplayingdetectandidentifythesignalcharacteristicsoftherequiredweldextractionisnotasindustrialmanufacturingprocessoftestingtheothersoeasy,therefore,theapplicationofweldingrobotsisnotthebeginningforelectricarcweldingprocess.
Infact,theindustrialrobotapplicationsinthefieldofweldingthefirstautomobileassemblylinefromtheresistancespotweldingbegan.Thereasonisthattheprocessofresistancespotweldingisrelativelysimple,convenientcontrol,anddoesnotrequireseamtracking,therobotaccuracyandrepeatabilityofcontrolplayingarelativelylowdemand.Spotweldingrobotsintheautomotiveassemblylineofalargenumberofapplicationsgreatlyenhancetheproductivityoftheautomotiveassemblyandweldingqualitywelding,butalsohasaflexibleweldingcharacteristics,thatisonlyplayingtochangeproceduresonthesameproductionlinecanbeonadifferentmodelforassemblywelding.
Robotbirthfromtheearly80softhiscentury,robottechnologyhasgonethroughalongslowprocessofdevelopment.In90s,withcomputertechnology,microelectronictechnology,therapiddevelopmentofnetworktechnology,roboticstechnologyhasbeenrapiddevelopment.Industrialrobotmanufacturinglevel,controlthespeedandtheaccuracy,reliabilitywasbeingimprovedallthetime,whiletherobotmanufacturingcostsandpriceshavebeendeclining.InWesternsociety,andtherobotpricescontrast,thehumanlaborcostsareagrowingtrend.UnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforEurope(UNECE)statisticsfrom1990to2000robotsandlaborcostindexpriceindexcurveoftherobotinwhichthepriceindexin1990andlaborcostindexisusedasthereferencevalueof100,to2000,laborcostindexis140,anincreaseof40%;therobotinthecaseofqualitativefactorsintoaccountthepriceindexoflessthan20,decreasedby80%,withoutconsideringthequalityfactorsofthesituation,thepriceindexoftherobotisabout40,reducing60%.Here,therobotdoesnottakequalityintoaccountthepriceistheactualpriceofrobotsnow,comparedwiththepast:
thequalityfactortoconsideristheleveloftherobottoimprovemanufacturingprocesstechnology,manufacturingqualityandperformanceoftheroboteveninthesamepriceconditionsalsoplaythanbefore,soiftherobotaccordingtothesamequalityandpastperformanceintoaccount,thepriceindexoftherobotshouldbelower.
ItcanbeseeninWesterncountries,becauselaborcostsforenterprisestobringconsiderablepressure,therobothashappenedtoreducethepriceindexforthefurtherapplicationbringsopportunity.Reducestaffandincreasetherobot'sequipmentinvestmentcostsreachacertainbalancebetweenthetwopointswhentheinterestisclearlyusingtherobotthanthebenefitsbroughtaboutbyalargeartificialonehand,itcangreatlyimprovethelevelofautomationofproductionequipmenttoimprovelaborproductivity,whileenhancingthequalityofproductsbutalsotoimprovetheoverallcompetitivenessofenterprises.Althoughtherobotisrelativelylargeone-timeinvestment,butit'sroutinemaintenanceandconsumptionrelativetooutputittoaccomplishthesametaskthanthelaborcostsconsumedasmall,therefore,inthelongrun,theproductioncostswillbegreatlyreduced.ThepriceofrobotreducessosomeSMEstoinvestinroboticstomakeabreeze.Therefore,theapplicationofindustrialrobotshasbeenrapiddevelopmentinallwalksoflife.AccordingtoUNECE'sstatistics,in2001,75millionunitsworldwideofindustrialrobotsusedinindustrialmanufacturingsectors,including389,000inJapan,19.8millionintheEuropeanUnion,90,000inNorthAmerica,73,000intheremainingcountries.Attheendof2004thereisatleastabout100millionindustrialrobotsinserviceintheworld's
Astherobotcontrolthespeedandaccuracyimproved,especiallythedevelopmentofarcsensorandhasbeenappliedinrobotwelding,arcweldrobottrajectorytrackingandcontroltosomeextentbeensolved,roboticweldingManufacturingintheautomotivecomparisonfromtheoriginalspotasinglevehicleassemblyandautopartswillsoondevelopinthearcweldingassemblyprocess.robotarcweldingischaracterizedbythegreatestflexibility,youcanchangeatanytimebyprogrammingthetrajectoryandweldingsequence,weldingpiecesaresuitedforvarietyofchanges,shortweldmorecomplexshapeoftheproduct.Thisgoestoandconsistentwiththecharacteristicsofvehiclemanufacturers.Inparticular,vehiclemodelsareupdatedinmodernsocietyveryquickly,usingroboticequipmentcarproductionlinecanwelladapttothischange.
Inaddition,arcweldingrobotnotonlyfortheautomotiveindustry,butalsocanbeusedforarcweldinginvolvedinothermanufacturingindustriessuchasshipbuilding,rollingstock,boilers,heavymachineryandsoon.Therefore,thescopeofapplicationofarcweldingrobotsbecomingmorewidelyinthenumberofgreatspotonthetrendovertherobot.
Asthecarlightermanufacturingtechnologies,anumberofhigh-strengthalloysandlightalloys(suchasaluminum,magnesiumalloy,etc.)intheautomotivestructuralmaterialsintheapplications.Weldingofthesematerialsoftencannotsolvethetraditionalweldingmethods,mustbeintroductionofnewweldingmethodandweldingprocess.Includinghigh-powerlaserweldingandfrictionstirwelding,andsothemostdevelopmentpotential,therefore,robotsandhigh-powerlaserweldingandfrictionstirweldingthecombinationwillbecomeaninevitabletrend.Infact,suchasShanghaiVolkswagen,themostpowerfulcarmanufacturersTheirnewmodelhasbeenwidelyusedinthemanufacturingprocessoftherobotlaserwelding.
Androboticarcweldingcomparedtolaserweldingseamtrackingrobotplayingthesakeofhigheraccuracy.Underthegeneralrequirementsofroboticarcwelding(includingGTAWandGMAW)weldseamtrackingaccuracymustbecontrolledattheelectrodeorwirediameterof1/2orless,withthefillingyarnintheseamtrackingaccuracyundertheconditionsmayberelaxed.However,intermsoflaserwelding,laserweldingspotdiameteratthesurfaceisusuallylessthan0.6,farlessthanthewirediameter(usuallygreaterthan1.0),andlaserweldingfillerwireisusuallynotadded,therefore,thelaserweldingIfyouspotanymistakesinposition,itwillresultinpartialwelding,lackofweld,therefore,ShanghaiVolkswagen'svehicleroofinadditiontotherobotlaserweldingfixturetotakemeasurestopreventtheweldingdeformation,isalsoinstalledinfrontoftherobotlaserweldingtorchGermanySCOUTcompany'shigh-precisionlasersensorsforseamtrackingtrajectory.
Thereismanyformsofindustrialrobots’structure,commonlyusedrectangulartype,cylindricalcoordinatetype,sphericalcoordinates,multi-jointcoordinatetype,telescopic,crawling,etc.,dependingontheuseofweldingrobotsareconstantlyevolvingAccordingtodifferentapplicationscantaketheformofadifferentstructure,butthemostusedfunctionistomimichumanmulti-articulatedarmrobots,itisbecausemulti-jointrobotarmandmaximumflexibility,youcanmakethegunspatialpositionandattitudeadjustedtoanystate,tomeettheweldingrequirements.Intheory,themoretherobotjoints,butalsomorefreedom,greaterjointredundancy,flexibility,thebetter:
butalsototherobotinversekinematicsofthecoordinatetransformationandthejointpositioncont
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