高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧教师版.docx
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高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧教师版.docx
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高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧教师版
高考英语阅读专题之主旨大意题
关于主旨大意题的高考考试说明
每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。
有时从文章第一个段落甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义,从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么(即文章的主题),亦会了解到作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。
有时,作者没有明示文章的主旨要义,需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。
一、主旨大意题的命题形式
这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title,headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(mainidea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。
这类题的设问方式主要有:
(1)Thesubjectofthepassage/paragraphis______.
(2)Themainideaofthepassage/paragraphis______.
(3)Thetextismainlyabout______.
(4)Thepassagemainlycenterson______.
(5)Thepassagemainlytellsabout______.
(6)Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext
(7)Whatisthemainideaofthispassage
(8)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout
(9)Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss
(10)Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph
(11)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage
(12)Whichtitlebestgivestheideaofthepassage
(13)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext
(14)Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage
(15)Thebestheadlinesforthisnewspaperarticlewouldbe______
(16)Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsistogiveinformationabout______.
(17)Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthisstoryis______.
(18)Whatistheauthor'smainpurpose
(19)Whatdoesthewriterreallywanttotellusinthispassage
(20)Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto______.
(21)Whatistheadvicegiveninthetext/passage/article
二、寻找主题句的方法
正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。
那么,主题句通常在哪里呢
(1)主题句在文首;
(2)主题句在文中;(3)主题句在文末;(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。
(4)无明显主题句,需根据高频词或各段落主题句进行总结概括
1.主题句在文首
Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.
Themainideaoftheparagraphis________.
2.主题句在文中
Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.
Whatdoesthisparagraphmainlytalkabout
3.主题句在文末
Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.
Whatisthepassagemainlyabout
4.主题句首尾呼应
Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit
Whatisthemainidea
A.Smokingcancausecancer.
B.Smokingisaterriblekiller
C.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.
D.Anexperimentonsmoking
5.无明显主题句
根据高频词概括
Everyonecanexperienceangersometimes.Butnoteveryonecancontrolitproperly.Tosome
people,controllingangerseemslikethehardestthingintheworldtodo.
Controlthesebytalkingtoyourselfinyourownmind,whenyouexperienceunwantedfeeling.
Bytalkingitoverinyourownheadyoucanworkouthowyouwillbestdealwiththesituation.
Angercontrolcanalsobeachievedbycommunicatingwithotherswithhonesty.Youcaneffectivelytrainyourselftorespondtosituationswithoutgettingannoyedaboutthings.
Itisimportanttorememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangryandtherefore,controllingitistherealchallenge.
Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage
A.Noteveryonecancontrolanger.
B.Howtocontrolanger.
C.Communicatingwithothersishelpful.
D.Controllingangerischallenging
根据各段主题句概括
Mother’sDaywascoming,amanstoppedataflowershoptoordersomeflowerstobewired(电邮给)tohismotherwholivedtwohundredmilesaway.Ashegotoutofhiscar,henoticedayounggirlsobbing(啜泣).Heaskedherwhatwaswrongwithherandshereplied,“Iwantedtobuyaredroseformymother.ButIonlyhaveseventy-fivecents,andarosecoststwodollars.”Themansmiledandsaid,“Comeoninwithme.I’llbuyyouarose.”Aftertheywentin,heboughtaroseforthelittlegirlandorderedflowersforhisownmother.Astheywereleaving,heofferedtoridethegirlhome.Shesaid,“Yes,please!
Butcanyoutakemetomymother”“Toyourmother”themanwasalittlepuzzledbutdidn’tsayanything.Shedirectedhimtoacemetery(公墓),wheresheplacedtheroseonafreshlyduggrave(新坟).Themanwasshockedandreturnedtotheflowershop,canceled(取消)thewireorder,pickedupabunchofflowersanddrovethetwohundredmilestohismother’shouse.
Whatisthepassagemainlyabout
A.Movedbythegirl,themansenthismothertheflowershimselfonMother’sDay.
B.Amanhelpedagirltobuyaflowerforhermother.
C.Weshouldoftenhelpothers.
D.Weshouldloveourmothers.
小练习
1.Smokinginindoorpublicplacesincludingpublicworkingplaces,publictransportvehiclesandsomeotherspecialoutdoorworkingplaceshasbeenbanned(禁止)inChinasinceJanuarysmokingbebannedinpublicplacesOfcourse,itshouldbe.
First,banningsmokingwillnotonlyhelpinsavingsmokersfromhealthproblemsanddiseases,butwillalsobegoodforpassivesmokers.
Next,banningsmokingwillputstressonsmokerstogiveup.Sinceasmokerispreventedfromsmoking.
Atlast,smokingcigarettesaddstothepollutionoftheair,soifitisbanned,itwillhelpinsavingtheenvironmentfromfurtherdeterioration(恶化).
Whatisthemainideaofthepassage
isbadforhealth.
willincreasepollution.
shouldbebanned.
cancausefire.
2.Thereisasimpleeconomicprincipleusedtodetermineprices.Itiscalledthelawofsupplyanddemand.Supplymeanstheamountof,oraccessto,certaingoods.Demandrepresentsthenumberofpeoplewhowantthosegoods.Iftherearemoregoodsthanwanted,thepriceofthemfalls.Ontheotherhand,ifthedemandforthosegoodsismuchgreaterthanthesupply,thenpricerises.Ofcourse,manufacturersprefertosellmoregoodsatincreasedprices.
Whatisthemainidea
A.EconomicPrinciples
B.LawofSupplyandDemand
C.MoreGoods,LowerPrices
D.FewerGoods,HigherPrices
3.Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance
Whatdoesthewritherwanttotellus
A.Theinnocentlooksmoreguilty.
B.Theprofessionalcriminallooksinnocent.
C.Amanknowseverythinglikestohidehisweekness.
D.Weshouldn’tjudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.
4.WeChat(微信)isamobiletextandvoicemessagingcommunicationservicedevelopedbyTencentinChina,firstreleasedinJanuary2011.WithWeChat,wecancommunicatewithfriendsbysendingtextmessages,voicemessages,wecanshareourphotosorvideos,shareourlocation,wecanevenchatwithlotsoffriendsatthesametime.Moreimportant,itisfreefortheusers.
Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.A.Thetoolsofchatting.B.WecanuseWechattochatwithlotsoffriends.C.ThefunctionsofWechat.D.Weshouldoftencommunicatewithfriends.
5.Foradultsacoldisnotthatserious.However,thisisnotthecaseforchildren.Coldsymptomsinchildrenmaybesignsofmoreseriousdiseasesandshouldbegivenpromptmedicalattention.
Whatdoestheparagraphmainlytalkabout
A.Coldisnotseriousforadults.
B.Coldisseriousforchildren.
C.Coldhasobvioussymptoms.
D.Coldshouldbecuredatonce.
6.Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcansatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.
Whatisthemainidea
A.Somestudentspreferastrictteacher.
B.Nooneteachingmethodcansatisfyall
studentsatthesametime.
C.Somestudentsprefertodoworkontheirown.
D.Studentsshouldrespectteachers.
7.Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatire(轮胎)goesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamper(野营者)alsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.
Whatisthemainidea
A.Aflashlightisusefuleveryday.
B.Aflashlightisusefulindarksituations.
C.Childrenareafraindofdarkness.
D.Acamperneedsaflashlightwhenthecampfireisout.
8.Magellan’s(麦哲伦)menwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.
MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.Finally,inApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.HismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ItwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedtheCapeofGoodHope.BythetimetheyreturnedtoSpainonDecember21,1521,s
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