高考英语复习阅读理解主旨大意题.docx
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高考英语复习阅读理解主旨大意题.docx
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高考英语复习阅读理解主旨大意题
高考英语复习:
阅读理解主旨大意题
A
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ,C)
MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?
Noneofyourbusiness!
LunchisBechtel's“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she'snotalone.
Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.
“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?
”Bechtelsaid,lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.
Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideo-grapher,isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交流).“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It'sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”
Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedaysareover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,”saidLaurieDemeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.
文章大意:
主题:
人与自我(生活);话题:
独自用餐。
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了现在的美国人多数喜欢独自一人吃饭,他们喜欢这种独处带来的自由。
1.WhatarethestatisticsinParagraph2about?
_B__
A.Foodvariety. B.Eatinghabits.
C.Tablemanners.D.Restaurantservice.
解析:
推理判断题。
根据第二段中的大部分人独自吃早饭或午饭,一起吃晚饭的数据可知,这是对美国人的饮食习惯进行了调查,故答案为B。
2.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?
_C__
A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.
B.Tocatchupwithherwork.
C.Tohavesometimeonherown.
D.Tocollectdataforherreport.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段中的Ijustwantedsometimetomyself(我只是想给自己一点儿时间)可知,Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间,故答案为C。
3.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?
_D__
A.Hemakesvideosforthebar.
B.He'sfondofthefoodatthebar.
C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.
D.He'sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.
解析:
推理判断题。
根据题干中的Mazoleny可定位到第四段,“...chatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.”中的beonafirst-namebasis的意思是“关系好,可以直呼其名”,由此可知Mazoleny与酒吧服务员很熟,故答案为D。
4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
_A__
A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.
B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.
C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.
D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.
解析:
主旨大意题。
根据第一、三、四段的例子,第二段的数据以及最后一段中的第一句“Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.”再次提及的eatalone可知,本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势,故答案为A。
B
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ,D)
Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?
It'sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.
HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclass-roomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.
“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?
’Basically,it's‘I'vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it'snotaverynicethingattimes.It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”
GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon'tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?
GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.
文章大意:
主题:
人与社会(科学与技术);话题:
处理太空细菌。
本文是一篇说明文,介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目,解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。
这类语篇对于启发与培养学生良好的思维品质有积极的引导作用。
5.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?
_A__
A.Theyarehardtogetridof.
B.Theyleadtoairpollution.
C.Theyappearindifferentforms.
D.Theydamagetheinstruments.
解析:
推理判断题。
根据第一段中的“ThemicroorganismsfromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.”可知,来自我们身体的微生物在太空站的表面增长得很快,宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们,由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除,故答案为A。
6.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?
_D__
A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.
B.Tosharpenstudents'communicationskills.
C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.
D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段的第一句“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.”可知,HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起,故答案为D。
7.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?
_A__
A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns.
C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段的最后两句“Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview...It'sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”可知,NASA工程师亲自检查那些高中学生的产品,故答案为A。
8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
_B__
A.NASA:
TheHomeofAstronauts
B.Space:
TheFinalHomeworkFrontier
C.Nature:
AnOutdoorClassroom
D.HUNCH:
ACollegeAdmissionReform
解析:
标题归纳题。
本文主要介绍了一个项目:
把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来,使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。
因此在选标题时既要有太空,还要有学生,选项B将其完美地结合了起来,故答案为B。
C
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ,D)
Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.
AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.
Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:
Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.
Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.
Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:
Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.
“Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,”Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”
文章大意:
主题:
人与社会(科学);话题:
猴子算数。
本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了哈佛医学院做的一项动物实验,实验发现猴子能进行基本的加法运算,但加的结果有时会小于总和。
9.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?
__C__
A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.
C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeys...”和“Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.”可知研究者们是先训练猴子然后才进行测试的,故选C项。
其他三项均未提及。
10.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?
_B__
A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.
C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice...”可知猴子们是通过触碰屏幕得到奖励的,故选B项。
其他三项均不是猴子所做的事。
11.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?
_A__
A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.
B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.
C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.
D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第四段第一句可知,研究人员在进行了数百次测试后发现,猴子多半时候会选择更高的值,这表明它们是在进行计算,而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。
12.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?
_D__
A.Entertainment.B.Health.
C.Education.D.Science.
解析:
推理判断题。
全文围绕科学实验展开——研究者训练猴子并对其进行测试后发现猴子能够进行简单的加法运算,但有时计算的结果不够精确。
由此可知,该文章可能出现在报纸的科学版上。
D
(2019·北京卷,C)
Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon'tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺诈).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it'stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it'snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingisactuallyreal.
That'sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautom
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