1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及解析.docx
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1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及解析.docx
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1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及解析
1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionICloseTest
Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)
①In1620,asmallsailboatnamedtheMayflowerleftEnglandfortheNewWorld.②TheMayflowerheadedfortheJamestowncolonyonthewarmshoreofVirginia.③ItsonehundredpassengerswerethePilgrims.④TheywerelookingforaplacewheretheycouldworshipGod1.⑤Becauseofstrongwindsandseverestorms,theMayflowerlostits2.⑥ThebravegroupofcolonistsfinallyhadtolandatPlymouthontherockycoastofMassachusettsinDecember1620.⑦Itwasthemiddleofthesternnorthernwinter.⑧3monthsofstarvation,disease,anddeathwereaheadofthem.⑨Onlythestrongestofthepilgrims4thatwinter.⑩Manywomengavetheirownpitifulrationstotheirchildrenanddiedforlackoffoodforthemselves.
Living5begantoimproveinthespringof1621.
Therewerewildvegetables.
Therewereberriesandfruit.
Fishandgamewereplentiful.
Therefore,theywereabletogetenoughfreshmeatdespitetheirlackofskillorexperienceinhuntingandfishing.
Thecolonists’health6withthewarmweatherandtheirbetterdiet.
Inthefall,theylookback7thepastyear.
Theywerebothregretfulandthankful.
Onlyfiftyoftheoriginalonehundredpassengersremained.
Thepriceinhumanlifeandtragedyhadbeengreat.
Ontheotherhand,theysawnewhopeforthefuture.
Asplendidharvestwas8them.
Theywerereadyforthesecondwinterwithconfidence.
Theyhadelevencrudehousesforprotectionagainsttheseverewinter.
Sevenwereforfamilies,andfourwereforcommunaluse.
9,theyhadestablishedatreatyoffriendshipwiththeirIndianneighborsunderChiefMassasoitinthesummer.
Thewoodsandforestsbecamesafe.
WhentheMayflowerreturnedtoEnglandthatsummer,therewerenocolonists10.
Attheendoftheirfirstyearintheirnewhome,thePilgrimswantedtocelebratewitharealholiday.
ItwastheirfirstThanksgivingDay.[328words]
1.[A]intheirownstyle[B]intheirownway
[C]ontheirown[D]oftheirown
2.[A]course[B]route[C]passage[D]channel
3.[A]Uncomfortable[B]Bad[C]Unfavourable[D]Terrible
4.[A]passed[B]sustained[C]survived[D]spent
5.[A]situations[B]environments
[C]conditions[D]circumstances
6.[A]strengthened[B]regained[C]recovered[D]improved
7.[A]in[B]of[C]over[D]at
8.[A]on[B]behind[C]for[D]beyond
9.[A]Bestofall[B]Forthebest[C]Totheirbest[D]Allinall
10.[A]ashore[B]around[C]about[D]aboard
SectionIIReadingComprehension
Eachofthetwopassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)
Text1
①Itdoesn’tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan’trememberit.②Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.③Maybeyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.
①Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.②Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou’rereading.
①Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis,“No,thankyou.I’mjustlooking”?
②Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.③Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”④Shesays,“Rightthisway,please.”⑤Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.
①It’squitethesamewithyourstudying.②Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“justlooking”fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat--nothing.③Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.④Yourreasonswillvary;theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.⑤Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisdoing.
①Thisisthewayitworks.②Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthisarticletofindout.”③Or,“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”④Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.
①Readingisnotonesingleactivity.②Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.③Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.④Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.⑤Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.⑥Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:
“Yes,Iagree.That’smyopiniontoo.”or“Ummmm,Ithoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthosedates,”or“Buttherearesomeotherfactstobeconsidered!
”⑦Youdon’tjustsittheretakinginideas--youdosomethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.
①Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,andusingitforyourownpurposes.②Inotherwords,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.③Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.④Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.⑤Opinionsareone’sownpersonalreactions.
①Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.②Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.
11.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy,________.
[A]itisnosurprise
[B]itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything
[C]itmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbook
[D]yourealizeitisofnoimportance
12.Beforeyoustartreading,itisimportant________.
[A]tomakesurewhyyouarereading
[B]torelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose
[C]torememberwhatyouread
[D]tochooseaninterestingbook
13.Readingactivityinvolves________.
[A]onlytwosimultaneousprocesses
[B]primarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemcritically
[C]merelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions
[D]mainlydrawingaccurateinferences
14.Agoodreaderisonewho________.
[A]relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectmatter
[B]doeslotsofthinkinginhisreading
[C]takesacriticalattitudeinhisreading
[D]isabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyknown
Text2
①Ifyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.②Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.③Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.④Thusstimulithatatonetimemightbeconsideredrelevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependingonwhatoneisdoingatthemoment.⑤Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution”havearisen,togetherwithmovementstoreducenoise.
①Exposuretoloudnoisescandefinitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.②Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,drivingfarmtractors,andworking(orsitting)inmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.③Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels(ameasureoftheloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangerous.④Decibelvaluescorrespondtovarioussounds.⑤Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficientperiodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.⑥Actuallosswilldependupontheparticularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorintermittent.
Noisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasks,forinstance,ifoneisperformingawatchkeepingtaskthatrequiresvigilance,inwhichheisresponsiblefordetectingweaksignalsofsomekind(e.g.,watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft).
①Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.②Ifyouhaveriddenintherearofajettransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirst,andthat,eventually,youadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.③Theproblemisnoise.
15.Noisediffersfromsoundinthat________.
[A]itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingdone
[B]itisaspecialtypeofloudsound
[C]itisusuallyunavoidableinbigcities
[D]itcanbedefinedmorepreciselythanthelatter
16.Oneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat________.
[A]itreducesone’ssensitivity
[B]itrendersthevictimhelpless
[C]itdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofmusic
[D]itdrownsoutconversationsatworksites
17.Thepurposeofthispassageis________.
[A]todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior
[B]towarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisepollution
[C]togiveadviceastohowtopreventhearingloss
[D]totellthedifferencebetweennoiseandsound
Text3
①Thetraditionalbeliefthatawoman’splaceisin
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