专八听力讲座 5大边听边记技巧.docx
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专八听力讲座 5大边听边记技巧.docx
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专八听力讲座5大边听边记技巧
星期3Wednesday5大边听边记技巧
今日讲堂
讲座题是先听做笔记,然后再发题目根据笔记答题。
这是一个将听力和做笔记填空结合的考试项目。
但是做笔记并不是要把听到的每一个单词都记下来。
这既不现实,也没必要。
笔记无非是帮助记忆的手段,只要能把重要的信息用可识别的符号记录下来,就算达到了目的。
因此,为了提高记笔记的效率,应注意掌握一定的笔记技巧。
一、抓中心话题(thesisstatement)
正如我们前面所讲,讲座的特征是在一开始即总述主题,因此讲座开始时要抓中心话题,这样可以迅速理解讲座主题,对全文做出预判。
比如,当听到“AmericanIndians—APeopleinCrisis”这一标题时,考生就会想到讲座的中心思想是美洲印第安人和他们面临的危机。
内容可能涉及到美洲印第安人是什么样的民族,他们的祖先是谁,他们的历史、文化、风俗习惯,他们现在的状况以及所面临的问题等等。
二、抓主题句(topicsentence)
前面我们讲过,讲座的主体部分多是对讲座主题各个方面的分述,而考点又多涉及这些分述的细节描述,因此抓住每个分述点的主题句,才能跟上讲座人的思路。
三、抓信号词(signalwords)
我们前面讲过,讲座中经常有一些提示语,引导考生听完900词长的文章。
考生在听的时候,可以将这些提示语视为信号词,积极记录这些信号词后的主要内容。
此外,当出现aswellas,notonly…butalso,but,however,nevertheless,because,since,so,if,evenif/eventhough,though,although等表示逻辑关系的连接词时,其后的内容也需重点加以记录。
四、抓关键词(keywords)
讲座中的关键词多为名词、形容词、数词和动词,它们往往出现在最后所要填写的十个词中,所以是记录的重点。
关键词不像前三项那样易于把握,但它们可以通过前三项为主要根据进行理解和判断。
五、使用缩略语
做笔记一定要迅速,而要想在有限的时间内尽可能比较全面地记录重点信息,使用一定的缩略语和熟悉的符号是十分必要的,通常主要有以下几种方法:
1.使用一些速记符号
例如:
听到equal可略写作“=”,unequal可略写作“≠”,听到belong可略写作“∈”,听到victory可略写作“V”,听到because可略写作“←”,听到result可略写作“→”,excellence可略写作“★”,question或problem可略写作“?
”,increase可略写作“↑”,decrease可略写作“↓”,parallel可略写作“//”,morethan可略写作“>”,lessthan可略写作“<”,include可略写作“+”,exclude可略写作“-”,about可略写作“≈”。
2.创造自己的速写符号
在平时的训练中也可以使用和创造一些符合自己习惯的缩略语和符号,如u可代表understand(ing),m可代表mean(ing),s=second,h=hour,imp.=important/importance,nec.=necessary,dept=department,info=information等。
3.利用数字和其他固定符号
能用数字或其他固定符号代表的词全部用阿拉伯数字或符号,这样既能节约时间,又能避免拼写错误,如:
twenty写成20;nineteeneightyfour记作1984;$=dollar;£=pound;11inthemorning=11am;11intheevening=11pm等。
今日练习
Mini-Lecture1
YouShouldAlwaysNegotiate
Formanykindsofbills,peoplesimplypaywhatevertheyarecharged.Butthetruthis
thereisroomformostofthebills.
Ⅰ.Tipsondoctorbills
A.Thedifferentstandardsdoctorsapplytopatientslargelyreston
(1)_____.
B.Youcan
(2)_____ifyoupayincash.
Ⅱ.CableandPhoneBills
Themostimportantthingtoconcludethebargainis(3)_____.
Ⅲ.CreditCardInterestRates
A.Thepreconditiontoaskforloweringcreditcardinterestratesis(4)_____.
B.Whenyougetaloweredinterestrates,becautiousabout(5)_____.
Ⅳ.Cars
Dealershopsareknownnotwomenfriendly,soitisabetterchoiceforwomenbuyersto(6)_____.
Besidesbargainonthecar,youshouldbargainon(7)_____ashard.
Ⅴ.Hotels
Thoughthediscountisusuallyeasytoget,(8)_____actuallydonotaskforit.
Manyhotelsarewillingtogetlowerbecauseof(9)_____inrecentyears.
Ⅵ.Furniture/Appliances
(10)____isthetimeretailersmustgetthefloormodeloffforthenextseason.
(1)_______
(2)______
(3)______
(4)______
(5)______
(6)______
(7)______
(8)______
(9)______
(10)______
Mini-Lecture2
NegotiatingSkillsCanBeLearned
I.Thedefinitionofnegotiation
A.thedefinitionvaries
B.acomprehensivedefinition:
negotiationisa
(1)
II.Thecrucialroleofnegotiation
A.astrategyused
(2)bymanagers
B.a(3)formofinteraction
III.Presentsituationoftraininginnegotiation
A.limitedcourseswitha(4)scope
B.intendingforan(5)styleofengagement
IV.Negotiatingmodels
A.abigmistake:
usingthesamemodel,ignoringthe(6)
B.negotiatingmodels:
1.(7)
——winner—loser
——widelyusedbutnotrecommended
2.cooperative
——(8):
mutualrespectandrationalconsideration
——win-win
3.compromise
——winalittle
4.accommodation
——losenow,winlater
5.(9)
——negotiateelsewherewhereyoucanwin
V.Softskills
A.goodpreparation
B.(10)
C.theabilitytoestablishaninterdependentandpartnership-likefeel
(1)_______
(2)______
(3)______
(4)______
(5)______
(6)______
(7)______
(8)______
(9)______
(10)______
答疑解惑
Mini-Lecture1
【听力原文】
Goodmorning,everyone!
IfIaskwillyoubargainforthecardealership,mostofyouwillsayyes.Butwhenitcomestomedicalcare,phoneandcablebills,theinterestrateonyourcreditcardandmore,mostpeopleusuallypaywhateverthey'rebilled.However,youshouldknowthereisroomtonegotiatefeesandpricesformanyproductsandservices.
Sointoday’slecture,I’llgiveyousometipsonbillsyou’veneverthoughtnegotiable.
Firstly,I’dlikediscusswithyouaboutdoctorbills.Youeverstuckwithpayingyourdocoutofpocket?
Repeatafterme:
"Neverpayretail!
"Doctorshavedifferentpay-scalesfordifferentpatients,dependingonyourinsurancecoverage,andwhetheryouhaveit.First,beforeyougotoyourappointmentorhaveaprocedure,findoutwhateveryoneelseispayingatasitelikeOutofP.Keepinmindinsurersusuallypaydocsanywherefroma-thirdtohalfofwhattheychargeyouout-of-pocket.Payingincashcannetyouadiscount.Askforacashdiscounteitherbeforeyourappointmentoratthedesk.
Thenlet’smovetosomethingyousquarelythoughtnonnegotiable―cableandphonebills.WouldyoubelieveIjustcutmycellphonebilldownbytwo-thirds?
AllIdidwasstopintoalocalretailerandmentionanadIsawonTVforamuchlowerprice.Heaskedmeafewquestionsonusage,wemadesmalltalk,andlowandbehold,atinybillandanother$100inmypocketeverymonth.Here'sthekey:
Ifhedidn'tgivemethepriceIwaslookingfor,Iwasreadytocancelmyserviceandheadtoanothercarrierwhowasofferingmesubstantialsavings.Knowwhothecompetitionisandwhatthey'recharging.HeadtositeslikeBillSandLowerMyB.Cablecompaniesreallyneedyourbusinessthesedays,socallyourproviderandask(nicely!
)foralowermonthlyrate,citingyourshrinkingbudget.
ThethirdcategoryI’dliketomentionisthecreditcardinterestrates.Theaverageinterestrateforacreditcardplanwas13.78percentin2010,accordingtodatareleasedbytheFederalReserveBoardthisweek.
Askingforalowerratecomeswithaprerequisite:
greatcredit,especiallysincelendersaren'tbudgingtoomuchthesedays.Onlyifyou'veprovenyourselfworthyarecreditcardcompanieswillingtoevenconsiderloweringyourrate.Itusedtobethathalfofrequestsweregrantedbutnow,cardcompaniesaren'tbudgingasmuch,astheytrytomakeupforthecostofnewregulation.Knowthattheaveragecreditcardrateusedtobecloserto11percent,andnowit'salmost14percent.Ithelpsifyouhaveothercardswithlowerratesthatyoucanmoveyourbusinesstoand,justaswithyourotherbills,findoutwhatthecompetitionisoffering.HeadtositeslikeLowCandB.Andifyourissuerwon'tbudge,askforotherperks.Somecardissuersarerefundinghalftheinterestyoupay("interestrebates"),soa17percentinterestrateturnsinto8.5percent,butbeware―theycanrescindthoseoffersatamoment'snotice.Alower,fixedrateistheholygrailofcreditcards.
WhatifItoldyouthatyoucouldput$800backinyourpocketifyoujusttookanextra15minutestodosomeresearchandaskforalowerprice?
Forwomen:
Dealerlotsaren'tknownforbeingfemale-friendly,sotakeyourbargainingonline:
Manycar-buyingsites,likeKKB.comandAutoT,letyoue-maildealersdirectlyfortheirprice,puttingthemincompetitionwitheachother.Anddon'tforget,bargainfirstonthepriceofthecar(don'tgetpressuredintoaddingadd-ons),thenbargainonthefinancing.Ifyouhaven'talreadygotthefundsorloantobuy,dealer-financingcanseemcheapbutkeepinmindthatdealersareallowedtomarkuptheinterest.Another3percentona$10,000loancancostalmostanother$1,000ininterestoverthelifeoftheloan.Sobargainjustashardonyourloanasyourcar.Andshouldadealnotworkouttoyourwallet'sliking,thereareplentyofcars(anddealers)inthesea.
Thenextbargainingissomethingmanyofuswillfinduseful―hotelbills.Ifyou'relookingtobookaparticularhotelanddon'twanttodealwiththegambleofname-your-pricesites,bargainingiswhereyou'llsave.ConsumerReportsfoundthat80percentofbargainersgotanaverageof$20offtheirroom,butonlyabouta-thirdofusactuallyask.I'lltakethemodds!
Alwayscheckoutthecompetitiononlinefirst,seeiftherearediscountsofferedatthehotel'swebsite,thenpickupthephone.Bepleasant,requestamanageratthehotelitself—nottheirnationalswitchboard—andaskifthereareanypromotionsoroffersavailable.Ifnot,mentionthehotelacrossthestreet(whichisofferingthesametypeofroomforless)andrequestaprice-match.Thehotelbusinesshasbeenhurtingforacoupleofyearswithournewlytightbudgets,somanyarehappytogolower.
Herecomesthelastvarietywearegoingtodiscusstoday―furniture/appliances.Washingmachines,microwaves,flat-screensandfurniturearebig-ticketitemsforourbudgets,andthebestplacetostartbargainingisthefloor.Floormodels,whichgetsaton,fiddledwithandusedforamonthormorearealmostalwaysforsale.Ifyou'rewillingtodealwithsomenicks,scratchesandwear,youcangetanother20percentoffretail,ifyouask.Topthatdiscountwithmodelsthatareonsalealready,andyou'llgetclosetocombined50percentoff.PlanifyoucanshopforfurniturefloormodelsinJulyandearlyAugust:
That'swhenretailersmustgetmerchandiseoffthefloortomakewayforthenextseason.Forelectronics,householdappliancesandanythingyouplugin,Januaryfloorshoppingcanbewellworththewait.Post-holidaysareripeforthebestfloor-bargains.Justremembertomakesureyourfloormodelisstillundermanufacturerandstorewarranty.
OK.Thisistheendoftoday’slecture.Thankyousomuchforyourattention.Dokeeponethinginmind:
Youcan—andshould—negotiatethepricesofmanyproductsandservices.
【答案解析】
1.ins
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