修辞复习.docx
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修辞复习.docx
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修辞复习
修辞复习
46.47.48.49.50.
51.52.53.54.55.
56.57.58.59.60.
61.62.63.64.65.
__________
A.AlliterationB.MetaphorC.understatementD.Repetition
E.OnomatopoeiaF.ParallelismG.SimileH.Personification
I.RhetoricalquestionJ.MetonymyK.HyperboleL.AntithesisM.Anti-Climax
RHETORIC
tenor(subject):
theconcept,object,orpersonmeantinametaphor
vehicle(reference):
amediumthroughwhichsomethingisexpressed,achieved,ordisplayed
Simile:
Asimilemakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikethingshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Thetwothingscomparedmustbedissimilarandthebasisofresemblanceisusuallyanabstractquality.Thevehicleisalmostalwaysintroducedbytheword"like"or"as".
Self-criticismisasnecessarytousasairorwater.
Thewaterlaygreyandwrinkledlikeanelephant'sskin.
Myverythoughtswereliketheghostlyrustleofdeadleaves.
Thebuswentasslowlyasasnail.
Hereyeswerejetblack,andherhairwaslikeawaterfall.
Thecomparisonispurelyimaginative,thatis,theresemblancebetweenthetwounlikethingsinthatoneparticularaspectexistsonlyinourminds,andnotinthenatureofthethingsthemselves.
Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.
Metaphor:
Ametaphor,likeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikethings,butthecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Somesayitthesubstitutionofonethingforanother,ortheidentificationoftwothingsfromdifferentrangesofthought.Contrarytoasimileinwhichtheresemblancebetweentwounlikethingsisclearlystated,inametaphornothingismentioned.Itisoftenlooselydefinedas"animpliedcomparison","asimilewithout'like'or'as'".
Metaphorisconsideredthemostimportantandbasicpoeticfigureandalsothecommonestthemostbeautiful.
Snowclothestheground.
Thetownwasstormedafteralongsiege.
Boysandgirls,tumblinginthestreetsandplaying,weremovingjewels.
Metaphor:
darkcavern,fairyland,maze,honeycomb,etc
formacloselyknitguild...
Simile:
avastsombrecavernofaroom
Onomatopoeia:
creak,squeak,rumble,grunt,sigh,groan,etc.
tinkling,banging,clashing
Personification:
TheMiddleEasterbazaartakesyou...
dancingflashes
Thebeamsinks…tautandprotesting
Hyperbole:
takesyou...hundredseventhousandsofyears
everyconceivable,innumerablelamps,incrediblyyoung,withthedustofcenturies
Onomatopoeia:
creak:
(tomake)thesoundofabadly-oileddoorwhenitopens
Whenyoumoveinawoodenbed,itcreaks.
Thehingeofthedoorneedsoiling,itcreakseverytimeitisopened.
squeak:
(tomake)ashortveryhighbutnotloudsound
thesqueakofamouse
rumble:
(tomake)adeepcontinuousrollingsound
Thethunder/thebiggunsrumbledinthedistance.
Iamhungry,mystomachisrumbling.
grunt:
(ofcertainanimals,tomake)shortdeeproughsoundsinthethroat,asifthenosewereclosed,suchasthedeepshortsoundcharacteristicofahog,oramanmakingasimilarsoundexpressingdisagreement,boredom,irritation
sigh:
(toletout)adeepbreathslowlyandwithasound,usu.expressingtiredness,sadness,orsatisfactionWeallheavedasighofreliefwhentheworkwasdone.
groan:
(tomake)asoundcausedbythemovementofwoodormetalpartsheavilyloaded,(tomake)adeepsoundforcedoutbypain,orexpressingdespair
Thepatientgroanedashewasliftedontothestretcher.
Theancientchairgaveagroanwhenthefatwomansatdownonit.
Theroofcreakedandgroanedundertheweightofthesnow.
Simile:
Asimilemakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikethingshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Thetwothingscomparedmustbedissimilarandthebasisofresemblanceisusuallyanabstractquality.Thevehicleisalmostalwaysintroducedbytheword"like"or"as".
Self-criticismisasnecessarytousasairorwater.
Thewaterlaygreyandwrinkledlikeanelephant'sskin.
Myverythoughtswereliketheghostlyrustleofdeadleaves.
Thebuswentasslowlyasasnail.
Hereyeswerejetblack,andherhairwaslikeawaterfall.
Thecomparisonispurelyimaginative,thatis,theresemblancebetweenthetwounlikethingsinthatoneparticularaspectexistsonlyinourminds,andnotinthenatureofthethingsthemselves.
Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.
Metaphor:
Ametaphor,likeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikethings,butthecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Somesayitthesubstitutionofonethingforanother,ortheidentificationoftwothingsfromdifferentrangesofthought.Contrarytoasimileinwhichtheresemblancebetweentwounlikethingsisclearlystated,inametaphornothingismentioned.Itisoftenlooselydefinedas"animpliedcomparison","asimilewithout'like'or'as'".
Metaphorisconsideredthemostimportantandbasicpoeticfigureandalsothecommonestthemostbeautiful.
Snowclothestheground.
Thetownwasstormedafteralongsiege.
Boysandgirls,tumblinginthestreetsandplaying,weremovingjewels.
Ihadalumpinmythroat
Atlastthisintermezzocametoanend...
Iwasagaincrushedbythethought...
...whenthemeaning...sankin,joltingme...
Metonymy(借代):
InLatin,metameanschangewhileonymameansname,sometonymymeansthechangeofname.Metonymyisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother.Thissubstitutednamemaybeanattributeofthatotherthingorbecloselyassociatedwithit.Inotherwords,itinvolvesachangeofname.
Shewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.
Hetooktothebottle.
...littleoldJapanadriftamidbeigeconcreteskyscrapers...strugglebetweenkimonoandtheminiskirt
IthoughtthatHiroshimastillfelttheimpact
Metonymycanbederivedfromvarioussources:
a.Namesofpersons
UncleSam:
theUSA
b.Animals
thebear:
theSovietUnion
thedragon:
theChinese(afightbetweenthebearandthedragon)
c.Partsofthebody
heart:
feelingsandemotions
head,brain:
wisdom,intelligence,reason
greyhair:
oldage
d.Profession:
thepress:
newspapers,reportersetc.
HemetthepressyesterdayeveningattheGrandHotel.
thebar:
thelegalprofession
e.locationofgovernment,businessetc.
DowningStreet:
theBritishGovernment
theWhiteHouse:
theUSpresidentandhisgovernment
theCapitalHill:
USCongress
WallStreet:
USfinancialcircles
Hollywood:
Americanfilmmakingindustry
Euphemism:
thesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggeststhunpleasant
eg:
Hewassentencedtoprison---Heisnowlivingatthegovernment'sexpenses.
Theboyisabitslowforhisage.
togotoheaven---dead
togotothebathroom,doone'sbusiness,answerthenature'scall,putanendtomylife.
Eachdayofsufferingthathelpstofreemefromearthlycares.
Irony:
Hiroshima---theLiveliestCityinJapan
thegoodfortunethatmyillnesshasbroughtme
Anti-Climax:
atownknownthroughouttheworldforits---oysters
Ilovecountry,andIlovemydog.
Alliteration:
sliptoastop
testedandtreated
RhetoricalQuestion
WasInotatthesceneofthecrime?
RHETORIC
Simile:
acomparisonbetweentwounlikethingshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.
tenor:
thesubjectofthecomparison
Vehicle:
theimageofwhichthisideaisconveyed
Thevehicleisalmostalwaysintroducedbytheword"like"or"as".
Thebus(tenor)wentasslowlysimilarityasasnail(vehicle).
Thewaterlaygreyandwrinkledlikeanelephant'sskin.
Hereyeswerejetblack,andherhairwaslikeawaterfall.
Metaphor:
acomparisonbetweentwounlikethings,butthecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Contrarytoasimileinwhichtheresemblancebetweentwounlikethingsisclearlystated,inametaphornothingismentioned.
TheessentialformofametaphorisXisY,andallformsofmetaphorcanbecondensedintothisform.
Snowclothestheground.
Snow(X---tenor)isclothe(Y---vehicle).
Boysandgirls,tumblinginthestreetsandplaying,weremovingjewels.
Boy(X---tenor)isjewel(Y---vehicle).
Theshipploughedthesea.
Ship(X---tenor)isplough(Y---vehicle)
Metaphor:
Theywillberoundedupinhordes.
IseeRussiansoldiersstandingonthethreshold...
Meansofexistenceiswrungfromthesoil...
Metaphor:
cataractofhorrors
ridtheearthofhisshadow...liberatepeoplefromhisyoke
Thescenewillbeclearforthefinalact.
Alliteration:
dull,drilled,docile...
forhishearthandhome
withitsclanking,heel-clicking...
Assonance:
theuseofthesameorrelated,vowelsoundsinsuccessivewords
1.声音的相似,协音〔如:
penitent,reticence〕。
2.只押母音的韵,半谐音〔如:
late,make〕。
clanking,heel-clicking,…
cowingandtying...ploddingonlikecrawlinglocusts,...smartingfrommanyaBritishwhipping...
easierandsaferprey
Repetition:
Wehavebutoneaimandonesinglepurpose
nothingwillturnus---nothing
Wewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiate...
Thisisourpolicyandthisisourdeclaration
asweshallfaithfullyandsteadfastly
Parallelism:
Thepast,withitscrimes,
itsfollies,
anditstragedies...
Isee,...Isee...
thereturnofthebread-winner,
oftheirchampion,
oftheirprotector
Weshallfighthimbyland,
weshallfighthimbysea,
weshallfighthimintheair
Anymanorstate...
Anymanorstate...
Letus...
Letus...
Nounphrases:
Ihadnottheslightestdoubtwhere...
With
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