四级考试真题与精析第1套.docx
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四级考试真题与精析第1套.docx
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四级考试真题与精析第1套
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceofreadingliterature.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
SurvivingtheRecession
America’srecessionbeganquietlyattheendof2007.Sincethenithasevolvedintoaglobalcrisis.Reasonablepeoplemaydisagreeaboutwhomtoblame.Financierswhowerenotascleverastheythoughttheywere?
Regulatorsfallingasleepatwork?
Consumerswhoborrowedtoomuch?
Politicianswhothoughtlesslypromotedhome-ownershipforthosewhocouldnotaffordit?
Allareguilty;andwhatamesstheyhavecreated.
Since2007Americahasshed5millionjobs.Morethan15%oftheworkforcearejoblessorunderemployed—roughly25millionworkers.Theonlyindustriesswellingtheirpayrollsarehealthcare,utilitiesandthefederalgovernment.ThevalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmscollapsedby57%fromitspeakinOctober2007toalowinMarchthisyear,thoughithassincebouncedbacksomewhat.Industrialproductionfellby12.8%intheyeartoMarch,theworstslidesincetheSecondWorldWar.MarkZandi,aneconomistatMoody’sE,predictsthattherecessionwillshrinkAmerica’seconomyby3.5%intotal.Formostexecutives,thisistheworstbusinessenvironmentthey’veeverseen.
Timesaresotoughthatevenbossesaretakingpaycuts.Median(中位数的)payforchiefexecutivesofS&P500companiesfell6.8%in2008.TheoverthrownbusinessgiantsofWallStreettookthebiggestknock,withaveragepaycutsof38%andmedianbonusesofzero.Buttherewassomepainforeveryone:
medianpayforchiefexecutivesofnon-financialfirmsintheS&P500fellby2.7%.
Nearlyeverybusinesshasasadtaletotell.Forexample,ArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotels,likensthecrisistothedownturnthathithisbusinessafterSeptember11th,2001.Whenthetwintowersfell,Americansstoppedtravelling.Marriotthaditsworstquarterever,withrevenuesperroomfallingby25%.Thisyear,withoutaterroristattack,thehotelindustryis“puttingthesamenumbersontheboard”,saysMrSorenson.
Thehotelbust(不景气),likemostbusts,wasprecededbyabreathtakingboom.Althoughmanyotherbigfirmsresistedthetemptationtoover-borrow,developersborrowedheavilyandbuiltbiggerandfancierhotelsasifthewholeworldwereplanningaholidayinLasVegas.Whenthebubbleburst,demandcollapsed.Hotelownersfoundthemselveswithahugenumberofemptyroomsevenasalotofunnecessarynewhotelswerereadytoopen.
Otherindustrieshavesufferedevenmore.Largenumbersofbuilders,propertyfirmsandretailershavegonebankrupt.AndadisasterhashitDetroit.LastyeartheAmericancarindustryhadthecapacitytomake17millionvehicles.Salesin2009couldbebarelyhalfofthat.TheBigThreeAmericancarmakers—GeneralMotors,FordandChrysler—accumulatedruinouscostsoverthepost-waryears,suchasgold-platedhealthplansandpensionsforworkerswhoretiredasyoungas48.Allthreearedesperatelyrestructuring.OnlyFordmaysurviveinitscurrentform.
Hardtimesbreedhardfeelings.FewAmericansunderstandwhatcausedtherecession.Someareseekingscapegoats(替罪羊).Politiciansarehappytotakeadvantage.BosseshavebeensummonedtoWashingtontobescoldedonlivetelevision.Thepresidentcondemnstheirgreed.
Extravagance(奢侈)isout
Businessfolkarebendingoverbackwardstoavoidseemingextravagant.Meetingsatresortsaresuddenlyunacceptable.GoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasatthelastminuteandrebookeditinSanFrancisco,whichcostmorebutsoundedlessfun.
Anyway,thepainwilleventuallyend.Americanbusinesswillregainitsshine.Manyfirmswilldie,butthesurvivorswillemergeleanerandstrongerthanbefore.Thefinancialsector’sshareoftheeconomywillshrink,andstayshrunkforyearstocome.Theimportanceofnon-financialfirmswillaccordinglyrise,alongwiththeirabilitytoattractthebesttalent.Americawillremainthebestplaceonearthtodobusiness,solongasBarackObamaandtheDemocratsinCongressresistthetemptationtointerferetoomuch,andsolongasorganisedlabourdoesnotoverplayitshand.
Thecrisiswillprovehugelydisruptive(破坏性的),however.Badmanagementtechniqueswillbeexposed.Necessitywillforcetheswiftadoptionofmoreefficientones.Atthesametime,technologicalinnovation(创新)willbarelypauseforbreath,andtwobigpoliticalchangesseemlikely.
MrObama’splantocurbcarbondioxide(CO₂)emissions(排放),thoughnecessary,willbefarfromcost-free,whateverhissunnyspeechesonthesubjectmightsuggest.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomywillhelpsomefirms,hurtothersandrequireeveryorganisationthatusesmuchenergytorethinkhowitoperates.ItishardertopredicthowMrObama’sproposedreformstothefailinghealth-caresystemwillturnout.Ifhesucceedsincurbingcosts—abigif—itwouldbeahugegainforAmerica.Somebusinesseswillbenefitbutthevastbulkofthesavingswillbecapturedbyworkers,nottheiremployers.
Inthenextcoupleofyearsthebusinessesthatthrivewillbethosethataretightwithcosts,carefulofdebt,cautiouswithcashflowandextremelyattentivetowhatcustomerswant.Theywillincludeplentyofnamesnoonehasyetheardof.
Timeschange,andcorporationschangewiththem.In1955Time’sManoftheYearwasHarlowCurtice,thebossofGM.HisfirmwasleadingAmericatowards“aneweconomicorder”,themagazinewrote.ThankstomenlikeCurtice,“thebondsofscarcity”hadbeenbrokenandAmericawasrolling“inanall-timehighofprosperity”.Soon,Americanswouldneedtospend“comparativelylittletimeearningaliving”.
HalfacenturylaterGMisatypicalexampleofpoormanagement.InMarchitschiefexecutivewasfiredbyTime’scurrentManoftheYear,MrObama.Thegovernmentnowbacksupthedomesticcarindustry,lendingitmoneyandoverseeingitsturnaroundplans.Withluck,thiswillbeshort-lived.ButthereisadangerthatWashingtonwillendupmicromanagingnotonlyDetroitbutalsootherpartsoftheeconomy.AndcleverasMrObama’sadvisersare,historysuggeststheywillbebadatthis.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthatAmerica’srecessionistheresultof.
A)amessyrealestatemarketC)unregulatedcompetition
B)acombinationofcausesD)financiers’mismanagement
2.Attheworsttime,thetotalvalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmsshrankby.
A)57%C)12.8%
B)15%D)3.5%
3.AccordingtoArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotels,thecurrentrecession.
A)wastheworsthehadeverseensinceWorldWarII
B)reducedhisrevenuestoaquarterofnormalyears
C)hithisbusinessashardasthe9/11terroristattack
D)spoiledhisplanstobuildmorehotelsinLasVegas
4.TheBigThreeAmericancarmakersneedrestructuringtosurvivebecause.
A)theirproductioncapacityhasshrunktolessthanhalfofthepreviousyear
B)theirtechnologyhasfallenbehindtheircompetitors’elsewhereintheworld
C)theyhaveborrowedtooheavilyandaccumulatedtoolargeamountsofdebt
D)theycannotcopewiththeruinouscostsaccumulatedoverthepost-waryears
5.GoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasinorderto.
A)raiseitsefficiencyC)avoidseemingwasteful
B)cutunnecessarycostsD)havefuninSanFrancisco
6.Theauthorofthisreportseemstobe.
A)againsttoomuchgovernmentinterferenceintheeconomy
B)optimisticaboutObama’sefforttoreduceCO₂emissions
C)interestedinpoliticalandeconomicreforms
D)concernedabouttheinterestsoftheworkforce
7.Accordingtotheauthor,Obama’splantolimitcarbondioxideemissionswill.
A)notbenefitAmerica’sindustryC)dogoodtotheenvironment
B)benefitthewholenationD)bynomeansbeinexpensive
8.BecauseHarlowCurtice’sfirmwasleadingAmericaincreating“aneweconomicorder”,hewasnamedbyTimemagazineasin1955.
9.InMarch,GeneralMotors’chiefexecutivewasfiredbyMrObamafor.
10.TheauthorisafraidthattheObamaadministrationwillendupAmerica’seconomy.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.A)Thewomanisthemanager’ssecretary.
B)Themanfoundhimselfinawrongplace.
C)Themanisthemanager’sbusinessassociate.
D)Thewomanwasputtingupasignonthewall.
12.A)Heneedsmoretimeforthereport.
B)Heneedshelptointerpretthedata.
C)Heissorrynottohavehelpedthewoman.
D)Hedoesnothavesufficientdatatogoon.
13.A)AfriendfromNewYork.C)Apostaldelivery.
B)AmessagefromTony.D)Achangeintheweather.
14.A)She
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- 考试 精析第