上海高考概要写作summary writing210篇有解析.docx
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上海高考概要写作summary writing210篇有解析.docx
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上海高考概要写作summarywriting210篇有解析
Exercise1
Waterisveryimportantforlivingthings.Withoutwatertherecanbenolifeontheearth.Allanimalsandplantsneedwater.Manalsoneedswater.Almosteveryoneknowsthatwatercoversthree-fourthsoftheearth5ssurface.Mostofit,however,isintheoceansandistoosaltytodrink.Also,someofitisfrozenandcannotbeused.Infact,lessthanonepercentisleftfortheuseofpeople,animalsandplantlife.
Allthroughhistorymenhavetriedtobuildtheirhomesnearthesourcesoffreshwater.Nowfreshwaterisbecomingscarce,butmoreandmoreisneededbecauseoftheincreasingnumberofpeopleintheworld.Someindustriesalsouselargeamountsoffreshwaterintheproductionofthingssuchassteel,petrol,paper,rubberandsoon.
Meanwhile,waterproblemisbecomingmoreseriousandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationtremendouslyincreasesurbanwastes,primarilypollutedwater.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldecreasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordiluting(稀释)wastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargervolumeofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharepoisonous.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.
Scientistsestimatethattheproblemofwatershortagewillbecomesevere.Thusitisapparentthateffectivestepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblemandtofindnewwaysofsavingandproducingfreshwateraswell.Somenationshaveworkedontheproblemandarealreadysharingtheirinformationwithothers.Theyaretryingtokeeptheirriversfrombecomingpolluted.Deepwellsarealsobeingdug,andrainwaterisbeingcollectedinhugeartificiallakes.Inonewayoranother,theyhopetoprovideenoughwatertosatisfytheneedsoftheirpeople.
参考范文:
Waterisessentialforallthelivingthingsontheearth.(要点1)Withtheworldwideincreaseofpopulation,morewaterisneeded.(要点2)Meanwhile,watersourcesaregettingpollutedbypoisonouschemicalwastesproducedbyhumanbeingsinonewayoranother.(要点3)Thusmeasuresarebeingtakentosolvethisproblem,hopingtofindbetterwaystosaveandproducewatertomeettheneeds.
分析过程
1.核心内容
本文是一篇说明文,全文分为四段。
第一段主要讲水是生命之源,虽然在地球上水的覆盖面积很大但真正可供饮用的水资源很少。
第二段讲现在水资源变得短缺,但是对水的需求量却越来越大。
第三段提到了在工农业用水等方面对水源的污染问题。
第四段讲的是各国正在想办法解决水资源短缺的问题。
2.写作思路
说明文的概括一般用段意合并法。
首先要通读全文,分析文章的组织结构。
第二步是寻找关键词,总结每一段的大意。
最后一步是根据每段的大意及作者的侧重点,重组归纳全文的大意并概述成段。
第一段的内容要点是“withoutwatertherecanbenolifeontheearth;lessthanonepercentisleftfortheuseofpeople,animalsandplantlife”。
第二段的内容要点是“freshwaterisbecomingscarce’,。
第三段的内容要点是“waterproblemisbecomingmoreseriousandmorecomplex”。
第四段的要点是“Thusitisapparentthateffectivestepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblemandtofindnewwaysofsavingandproducingfreshwateraswell.”。
3,范文解析
要点1是第一段的内容概要。
要点2用with复合结构表达由于人口数量增加等原因导致水源匮乏。
用meanwhile过渡到水源污染问题,即第3个要点。
最后用thus连接要点4,即引出各国为解决饮用水资源匮乏问题所做的努力。
Exercise2
Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流))Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh-techequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.
Ascientistwithmanyyears’experience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisstudiesthattheshoes—about60,000intotal—fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected,thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn’t.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded,hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.
ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld’sbestareasforbeach-combing(海滩搜寻)becausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere,andasaresult,thereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata,heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents,andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.
Astheresultofhiswork,Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachcombersandoceanexperts,with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves.
参考范文:
UnlikeotheroceanographerstEbbesmeyermonitorsoceancurrentsbytrackingfloatinggarbage.(要点1)Hisinspirationforthisuniqueresearchmethodcamefrommanysneakerswashedintotheocean.Hethoughtthedistributionoftheshoes’landingspotswouldindicatehowseawaterflowed.(要点2)Therefore,heestablishedlinkswithbeachcomberswhosefirst-handinformationcontributedgreatlytohisfindings.(要点3)Thestudyjustmarkedthebeginningofhisresearchintooceancurrentsusingfloatinggarbageasmarkers.(要点4)
分析过程:
试题详解
核心内容
本文是一篇说明文,全文共四段。
第一段介绍海洋科学家CurtisEbbesmeyer与众不同的洋流研究方式:
他根据海上漂浮物来研究洋流。
第二段详细说明该研究方法的由来。
20世纪90年代,因为一次海运事故,很多运动鞋掉落海中,Ebbesmeyer通过分析运动鞋的落水时间、地点及其着陆点等数据,尝试进行试验。
第三段描述数据收集情况。
Ebbesmeyer在海滩搜寻者的帮助下,收集到鞋子的相关信息,并公布了调查结果。
第四段简略提及Ebbesmeyer因此方法而出名,而且他的研究对象不再局限于鞋子,而是各种各样的海上漂流物,他的研究队伍也开始壮大。
写作思路:
(1)理清文章脉络,概括段落大意。
该文第一段是全文的中心段落,其中末句“However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyer...randomfloatinggarbage.”既是文章的主题句,也是段落的主题句。
第二段.
通过整合关键词“startedtheresearch,shoes,experiment”,得出大意“Hestartedthistypeofresearchintothepatternsofoceancurrentswhenhedecidedtocarryoutanexperimentwiththeshoeswashingupontheshores.”。
第三段关键词为“beachcombers,information,data”,通过整合可归纳出大意“Ebbesmeyercollectedinformationwiththehelpofbeachcombers.”。
第四段共三句话,谓语动词“hasbecomeknown,hasevenstarted,haverecorded”都是围绕着“他继续采用该方法”这一中心,故大意可归纳为“Hecontinuedthistypeofresearch.”。
(2)确定表达要点,灵活准确表达。
要点1是第一段的大意,也是全文的总述,介绍了Ebbesmeyer采用特殊的洋流研究方法。
为使句意完整,应补充信息“有别于其他海洋学家”,即“differentfrom/unlikeotherscientists”。
要点2根据第二段大意及该段所涵盖的两方面具体信息来表达,即“掉落海中的鞋子给他灵感”和“他决定利用这些鞋子来进行试验'要点3紧接上文,描述他为了收集数据,和海滩搜寻者建立联络。
可使用“and,so”等表示因果关系的词来衔接,使句子紧凑。
要点4可换一种表述概括第四段的大意“他继续这种特殊的研究方法”,即“他以鞋子为研究对象开展的试验是之后一系列类似研究工作的开始”。
范文解析:
要点1中,用“unlikeotheroceanographers”来说明Ebbesmeyer所采用的方法与众不同;同时,oceanographer替换原文中的scientists,用词更精确。
要点2中,用“inspiration...camefrom”概括原文中关于这种特殊方法由来的详细描述,并用后置定语“washedintotheocean”,补充说明鞋子的情况,使得句意完整,结构紧凑;此外,为避免词汇重复,用“distributionoftheshoes’landingspots”和“howseawaterflowed”分别替换原文的“wheretheylanded”和“thepatternsofoceancurrents”。
要点3和要点2用therefore衔接,使得行文流畅。
同时,定语从句自然地把“beachcombers”与“Ebbesmeyer的研究发现”这两个信息点串联起来。
要点4用“Thestudyjustmarkedthebeginningofhisresearch…”来说明这次试验后,他继续采用这种特殊方法进行研究,使得表达方式多样化,表述准确到位。
Exercise3
Weshouldn’tjudgeapersonbytheirappearancebutwedo.Infact,theexpertssaythatwhenwemeetsomeoneforthefirsttimewemakeadecisionaboutwhatthatpersonislikeinthreeseconds.Butwhatdowelookat?
Oneofthemostimportantthingsisclothes,butitisn’tthebrandofclothesthatpeoplewearthatisimportant.Theimportantthingistoweartherightclothesfortheoccasion.
Schoolshavealwaysunderstoodthisandalotofthemasktheirstudentstowearauniform.Why?
Alotofteachersthinkauniformmakesstudentsfeelthattheyarepartoftheirschoolandthattheiruniformhelpsthemtobeseriousabouttheirstudies.Teacherssaythatuniformscanhelpinotherwaystoo.Ifallthestudentswearuniforms,theycan’tjudgeeachotherbecauseoftheirclothes.Italsoavoidsargumentsaboutwhoorwhatisfashionable.
However,itisnotonlyschoolsthatwantpeopletodressinacertainway.Weallhavefixedideasaboutwhatthepeopleinacertainprofessionshouldwear.Ifwevisitadoctor,weexpecttoseerespectableclothesunderthedoctor’swhitecoat.Whenwegointoabankweexpectthestafftowearsuitsordresses.Policeofficerswearuniformstodetercrimebyestablishingavisiblepresencewhileonpatrol,tomakethemselveseasilyidentifiabletonon-policeofficersortheircolleagueswhorequireassistance,andtoquicklyidentifyeachotheratcrimescenesforeaseofcoordination.Infact,alotofcompanieshavedresscodesfortheirstaffbecausetheyknowthatthecustomersexpecttoseethemdressedincertaintypesofclothes.
Butcanourclothesreallytellpeoplewhatwearelike?
Maybenot,buttheycanshowourattitudetowhatwearedoingatthemoment.Whenpeopleseeusintherightclothes,theythinkweareseriousaboutwhatwearedoing.Furthermore,ifweareclean,smartandpolite,peoplewillhaveconfidenceinus.
参考范文:
Properclothesareimportantforfirstimpressions.(要点1)Schoolsadoptuniformpolicy,asteachersareconvincedthatuniformhasnumerousbenefitsforstudents.(要点2)Apartfromschools,otherfields,includinghospitals,banks,policeandsomecompaniesalsoinsistonwearinguniformsforthesakeofprofessionalismandconvenience.(要点3)Thebeliefisthatproperclothes,especiallyuniforms,canpresentourseriousattitudeandwintrustfromothers.(要点4)
分析过程:
一、试题详解
核心内容
本文是一篇议论文,全文共分四段,核心话题是统一着装。
第一段主要说明人们非常关注着装,因为合适的着装对第一印象至关重要。
第二段阐释了学校推行校服,是因为大部分教师都认可校服的积极作用。
第三段列举了其他也
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