1、上海高考概要写作summary writing210篇有解析Exercise 1Water is very important for living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. All animals and plants need water. Man also needs water. Almost everyone knows that water covers three- fourths of the earth5s surface. Most of it, however, is in the o
2、ceans and is too salty to drink. Also, some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact, less than one percent is left for the use of people, animals and plant life.All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is becoming scarce, but more a
3、nd more is needed because of the increasing number of people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel, petrol, paper, rubber and so on.Meanwhile, water problem is becoming more serious and more complex. Our increasing population tr
4、emendously increases urban wastes, primarily polluted water. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting(稀释）wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volum
5、e of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.Scientists estimate that the problem of water shortage will beco
6、me severe. Thus it is apparent that effective steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They
7、 are trying to keep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rain water is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people.参考范文：Water is essential for all the living things on the e
8、arth.(要点 1) With the worldwide increase of population，more water is needed.(要点 2) Meanwhile，water sources are getting polluted by poisonous chemical wastes produced by human beings in one way or another.(要点 3) Thus measures are being taken to solve this problem, hoping to find better ways to save an
9、d produce water to meet the needs.分析过程1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文分为四段。第一段主要讲水是生命之源，虽然在地球上水的覆盖面积很大但真正可供饮用的水资源很少。第二段讲现在水资源变得短缺，但是对水的需求量却越来越大。第三 段提到了在工农业用水等方面对水源的污染问题。第四段讲的是各国正在想办法解决水资源短缺的 问题。2.写作思路说明文的概括一般用段意合并法。首先要通读全文，分析文章的组织结构。第二步是寻找关键词， 总结每一段的大意。最后一步是根据每段的大意及作者的侧重点，重组归纳全文的大意并概述成段。 第一段的内容要点是“without water th
10、ere can be no life on the earth; less than one percent is left for the use of people, animals and plant life”。第二段的内容要点是“fresh water is becoming scarce，。第 三段的内容要点是“water problem is becoming more serious and more complex”。第四段的要点是 “Thus it is apparent that effective steps must be taken immediately to d
11、evelop corrective measures for the pollution problem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. ”。3，范文解析要点1是第一段的内容概要。要点2用with复合结构表达由于人口数量增加等原因导致水源匮 乏。用meanwhile过渡到水源污染问题，即第3个要点。最后用thus连接要点4,即引出各国为解决饮 用水资源匮乏问题所做的努力。Exercise 2Scientists today are making greater effort to study o
12、cean currents(洋流）)Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way by studying movements of random floating garbage.A scientist with many years experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard abo
13、ut hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Ebbesmeyer found out in his studies that the shoes about 60,000 in total fell int
14、o the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didnt. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, h
15、e could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.The Pacific Northwest is one of the worlds best areas for beach-combing(海滩搜寻）because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their
16、help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study.As the result of his
17、work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging fro
18、m potatoes to golf gloves.参考范文：Unlike other oceanographerst Ebbesmeyer monitors ocean currents by tracking floating garbage. (要点 1) His inspiration for this unique research method came from many sneakers washed into the ocean. He thought the distribution of the shoes landing spots would indicate how
19、 seawater flowed.(要点2) Therefore, he established links with beachcombers whose first-hand information contributed greatly to his findings.(要点 3) The study just marked the beginning of his research into ocean currents using floating garbage as markers.(要点 4)分析过程：试题详解核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文共四段。第一段介绍海洋科学家Curti
20、s Ebbesmeyer与众不同的洋流研究 方式：他根据海上漂浮物来研究洋流。第二段详细说明该研究方法的由来。20世纪90年代，因为一次 海运事故，很多运动鞋掉落海中，Ebbesmeyer通过分析运动鞋的落水时间、地点及其着陆点等数据，尝 试进行试验。第三段描述数据收集情况。Ebbesmeyer在海滩搜寻者的帮助下，收集到鞋子的相关信 息，并公布了调查结果。第四段简略提及Ebbesmeyer因此方法而出名，而且他的研究对象不再局限于 鞋子，而是各种各样的海上漂流物，他的研究队伍也开始壮大。写作思路：(1)理清文章脉络，概括段落大意。该文第一段是全文的中心段落，其中末句“However, oce
21、an expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer. random floating garbage.”既是文章的主题句，也是段落的主题句。第二段.通过整合关键词“started the research, shoes，experiment”，得出大意“He started this type of research into the patterns of ocean currents when he decided to carry out an experiment with the shoes washing up on the shores.”。第三段关键词为“beachcomb
22、ers, information, data”，通过整合可归纳出大意 “Ebbesmeyer collected information with the help of beachcombers.”。第四段共三句话，谓语动词“has become known, has even started，have recorded”都是围绕着“他继续采用该方法”这一中心，故大意可 归纳为“He continued this type of research.”。(2)确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。要点1是第一段的大意，也是全文的总述，介绍了 Ebbesmeyer 采用特殊的洋流研究方法。为使句意完整，应
23、补充信息“有别于其他海洋学家”，即“different from/ unlike other scientists”。要点2根据第二段大意及该段所涵盖的两方面具体信息来表达，即“掉落海中 的鞋子给他灵感”和“他决定利用这些鞋子来进行试验要点3紧接上文，描述他为了收集数据，和海 滩搜寻者建立联络。可使用“and, so”等表示因果关系的词来衔接，使句子紧凑。要点4可换一种表述 概括第四段的大意“他继续这种特殊的研究方法”，即“他以鞋子为研究对象开展的试验是之后一系列类 似研究工作的开始”。范文解析：要点1中，用“unlike other oceanographers”来说明Ebbesmeyer所
24、采用的方法与众不同；同时， oceanographer替换原文中的scientists，用词更精确。要点2中，用“inspiration. came from”概括原文中 关于这种特殊方法由来的详细描述，并用后置定语“washed into the ocean”，补充说明鞋子的情况，使得 句意完整，结构紧凑；此外，为避免词汇重复，用“ distribution of the shoes landing spots”和“ how seawater flowed”分别替换原文的“where they landed”和“the patterns of ocean currents”。要点 3 和要
25、点2用therefore衔接，使得行文流畅。同时，定语从句自然地把“beachcombers”与“Ebbesmeyer的研 究发现”这两个信息点串联起来。要点4用“The study just marked the beginning of his research”来 说明这次试验后，他继续采用这种特殊方法进行研究，使得表达方式多样化，表述准确到位。Exercise 3We shouldnt judge a person by their appearance but we do. In fact, the experts say that when we meet someone for
26、the first time we make a decision about what that person is like in three seconds. But what do we look at? One of the most important things is clothes, but it isnt the brand of clothes that people wear that is important. The important thing is to wear the right clothes for the occasion.Schools have
27、always understood this and a lot of them ask their students to wear a uniform. Why? A lot of teachers think a uniform makes students feel that they are part of their school and that their uniform helps them to be serious about their studies. Teachers say that uniforms can help in other ways too. If
28、all the students wear uniforms, they cant judge each other because of their clothes. It also avoids arguments about who or what is fashionable.However, it is not only schools that want people to dress in a certain way. We all have fixed ideas about what the people in a certain profession should wear
29、. If we visit a doctor, we expect to see respectable clothes under the doctors white coat. When we go into a bank we expect the staff to wear suits or dresses. Police officers wear uniforms to deter crime by establishing a visible presence while on patrol, to make themselves easily identifiable to n
30、on-police officers or their colleagues who require assistance, and to quickly identify each other at crime scenes for ease of coordination. In fact, a lot of companies have dress codes for their staff because they know that the customers expect to see them dressed in certain types of clothes.But can
31、 our clothes really tell people what we are like? Maybe not, but they can show our attitude to what we are doing at the moment. When people see us in the right clothes, they think we are serious about what we are doing. Furthermore, if we are clean, smart and polite, people will have confidence in u
32、s.参考范文：Proper clothes are important for first impressions.(要点 1) Schools adopt uniform policy, as teachers are convinced that uniform has numerous benefits for students.(要点 2) Apart from schools， other fields, including hospitals, banks, police and some companies also insist on wearing uniforms for the sake of professionalism and convenience.(要点 3) The belief is that proper clothes, especially uniforms，can present our serious attitude and win trust from others.(要点 4)分析过程：一、 试题详解核心内容本文是一篇议论文，全文共分四段，核心话题是统一着装。第一段主要说明人们非常关注着装，因 为合适的着装对第一印象至关重要。第二段阐释了学校推行校服，是因为大部分教师都认可校服的积 极作用。第三段列举了其他也
