定语从句翻译练习题.docx
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定语从句翻译练习题.docx
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定语从句翻译练习题
TranslationofAttributiveclause
1.你看到我放在桌子上的那些书了吗?
2.他们就是那些我经常与你提到的好搭档。
3.他们早上给我们送来的水果很新鲜。
4.这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。
5.他就是那个被我邀请去参加会议的人。
6.他就是那位父亲是百万富翁的年轻人。
7.你到过的最远的地方是哪里?
8.他就是那个经常向别人借钱的小男孩。
9.有人可以告诉我刚才在这里大喊大叫的那个女孩是谁吗?
10.这就是那本封面很旧的杂志。
11.这就是我们昨天在相片中看到的那个小村庄。
12.可以给我看看你昨天买的裙子吗?
13.我无法回答你刚才提问他们的问题。
14.你见过一辆只有三个轮子的小车吗?
(轮子:
wheel)
15.想去看看我上次与提到过的那部电影吗?
16.我永远也忘记不了我们一起度过的那段美好时光。
17.她刚才说了些很难听的话,这让大家感到很不舒服。
18.母亲经常在假期里带她旅游,这让其他同学羡慕不已。
19.欧美达就是那个曾经改变了我命运的学校。
20.昨天在街上把钱包弄丢了,这让我很伤心。
21.让我给你们介绍一下那个即将成为经理的同事。
22.这个世界上没有一个可以一直帮助你的人。
23.你能带我去你经常买鞋子的店吗?
24.我们都很讨厌那些经常与别人打架的人。
25.她最近做的演讲比以前的有更大的进步。
26.我们不相信你告诉我们的任何事情。
27.他就是那个女儿第一个考上北京大学的父亲。
28.你能把你手上拿着的礼物给我吗?
29.我们这次做的练习与以往的完全不一样。
30.年轻人都很喜欢琼瑶写的小说。
定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:
who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:
when, where, why等。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?
(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
(which / that在句中作宾语)
二、关系代词that, which的用法
A. 以下情况多用that.
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。
例如:
All the people that are present burst into tears.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
(2) 如果先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the best等词修饰,关系代词常用that(指人时,可以用who),例如:
This is the very book that I want to find.
That is the best film that we have seen.
I was the only person in my office that/who was invited.
(3) 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much所修饰时;
You can take any seat that is free.
(4) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
It is the first foreign book that I have ever seen.
This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen.
(5) 在there be句型中,常用that.
There is a man that lives in that village.
(6) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。
例如:
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
B. 以下情况用which.
(1) 当关系词前面有介词时,指物常用which.
The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike.
He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
(2) 非限制性定语从句指物时,多用which.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
He wrote an article, which tells us about the computer.
(3) 如果先行词本身是that时,只用which.
This is that which he bought yesterday.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,例如:
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
I don’t like the way (that/ in which) he was treated.
This is the reason he was absent.
四、判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:
用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:
先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。
)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。
此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二:
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:
例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句:
This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句:
This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。
而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
五、限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理?
史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:
关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
六、介词+关系词
(1) “介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
(2) from where为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句。
例如:
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.
(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
例如:
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
(4) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
(2)Some, any, none等或数词+of+which/whom 引导的定语从句。
例如
I have four books, two of which are interesting.
It’s a family of three children, all of whom I have ever taught.
七、as, which非限定性定语从句
关系代词as也可引导非限制性定语从句,其从句的谓语常是表示感知的动词,如:
know, see, hear, expect等。
从句可放在主句之前、之中、或之后。
As可以指主句中的某个成分,也可以指整个主句,as在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
例如:
1) Tom, as you know, is a writer.
2) As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.
3) Tom doesn’t find his homework, as often happens.
4) Charlie looks strong, as in fact he is.
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。
As一般放在句首,which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us
(1)定语从句与表语从句的互换
That's the thing that we're worrying about.(定语从句)
That's what we're worrying about.(表语从句)
那就是我们正在担心的事。
This is the way she did it.(定语从句)
This is how she did it.(表语从句)
这就是她做这件事的方法。
This is the reason why we must go now.(定语从句)
This is why we must go now.(表语从句)
这就是我们现在该走的理由。
That is the place where Xiao Lin was born.(定语从句)
That is where Xiao Lin was born.(表语从句)
那就是小林出生的地方。
(2)定语从句与宾语从句的互换
I don't know the reason why she is so happy.(定语从句)
I don't know why she is so happy.(宾语从句)
我不知道她为什么这样高兴。
He showed me the place where he used to live.(定语从句)
He showed me where he used to live.(宾语从句)
他带我看了他曾经住过的地方。
Do you know the date when Wuhan was liberated?
(定语从句)
Do you know when Wuhan was liberated?
(宾语从句)
你知道武汉是什么时候解放的吗?
(3)定语从句与主语从句的互换
The thing that we need is more time.(定语从句)
What we need is more time.(主语从句)
我们所需要的是更多的时间。
The time when they will start out has not been decided yet.(定语从句)
When they will start out has not been decided yet.(主语从句)
他们什么时候动身还没有决定下来。
The reason why he did it wasn't quite clear.(定语从句)
Why he did it wasn't quite clear.(主语从句)
定语从句模拟训练二
1.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory___youpaidavisitlastweek?
A.whatB.whichC.towhichD.tothat
2.Wehavetwospareroomsdownstairs,_____hasbeenusedformorethantwomonths.
A.butneitherofwhichB.noneofwhich
C.butneitherofthemD.noneofthem
3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything__hehadstolentothepolice.
A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that
4.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone___familywaspoor.
A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose
5.All____isneededisasupplyofoil.
A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which
6.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which
7.Sheheardaterriblenoise,__broughtherheartintohermouth.
A.itB.whichC.thisD.that
8.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown___hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
9.Hestilllivesintheroom____windowfacestotheeast.
Hestilllivesintheroom,thewindow____facestotheeast.
Hestilllivesintheroom____isinthenorthofthecity.
Hestilllivesintheroom__thereisabeautifulta
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