高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练强化试题21.docx
- 文档编号:17404011
- 上传时间:2023-07-25
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:12
- 大小:83.96KB
高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练强化试题21.docx
《高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练强化试题21.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练强化试题21.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练强化试题21
2014高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练
AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.
“It’sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件),”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.
Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.
Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.
Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasis.”
41.Theroboticflyprojecthasbeenconducted__________.
A.justbyaccidentB.withinadecade
C.justbyaprofessorD.formorethantenyears
42.Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywasthat__________.
A.theyhadnomodelintheirmind
B.theydidnothavesufficienttime
C.theyhadnoready-madecomponents
D.theycouldnotassemblethecomponents
43.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly__________.
A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystem
B.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttime
C.cancollectinformationfrommanysources
D.hasbeenputintowideapplication
44.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?
A.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.
B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.
C.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.
D.Wood’sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.
45.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.FatherofRoboticFly
B.InspirationfromEngineeringScience
C.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsect
D.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudy
【参考答案】41-45.DCBDC
Passage4
Developmentofawidelyacceptedchronologyfor
thearrivalofhumanshasbeenequallydifficult,anditwasonlywiththedevelopmentofopticallystimulatedluminescencedatingthatahumanpresenceinAustraliawasconfirmedat53,000to60,000yearsago.OlderdatesforahumanpresenceinAustraliahavenowbeenshowntobeerroneous.
TheimportanceofAustraliaasaseparatenaturallaboratoryinwhichtotestextinctiontheoriesliesinthefactthathumansarrivedtheremuchearlierthantheyarrivedintheothercontinentalareas(theAmericasandnorthernEurasia)thatexperiencedsubstantialmegafaunalextinction.WhatMilleretal.haveshownisthattheextinctionofGenyornisoccurredsimultaneouslyacrosssoutheasternAustralia(indeedprobablyrightacrossthecontinent)about50,000yearsago.ThisisveryclosetothepresentlyacceptedtimeofarrivalofhumansinAustralia.Itwasalsoaperiodofmodestclimatechange,wellbeforethedramaticclimaticfluctuationsoftheterminalPleistocene.ThedataofMilleretal.,therefore,supportthosewhoseehumanhuntingratherthanclimateascausingtheextinctionofthemegafauna.
Genyorniswasaponderousbird,around80to100kginweight,abouttwiceasheavyasthelivingemuandcassowary.ItwasaninhabitantofAustraliasinlandplainsandsomecoastalregions,butitslegswererelativelyshortandthick,suggestionthatitwasaslowerrunnerthantheemu.Proponentsofhumancausedextinctionsuggestthatitisjustsuchcharacteristicsthatmadethemegafaunavulnerabletohumanhunting.
Anewschoolofthoughthasrecentlyestablisheditselfintheextinctiondebate.Itadvocatestheideathatacombinationofhumanimpactandclimatechangewasresponsiblefortheextinctionoftheworldsmegafauna.ThenewGenyornisdataalsoweakenthatargument,forthefollowingreason.Fiftythousandyearsago,Australiawasexperiencingmildcooling;11,000to12,000yearsago,theAmericaswereexperiencingrapidwarming.Thesedisparateclimaticconditions,allcoincidentwithmegafaunalextinction,suggestthatwhateverwashappeningwithclimate,itwasbadforthebiganimals.Undertheseconditions,thehybridmodelbecomesindistinguishablefromthehumancausedextinctionmodelfortheinfluenceofclimatebecomesextremelyweak,andonlythearrivalofhumansisimportantinpredictingextinction.
66.Thelastword“megafauna”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans
Abirds.Bplants.
Cbiganimals.Dsmallanimals.
67.Genyorniswasvulnerabletohumanhuntingbecauseitwas
Aadelicacy.Bveryweak.
Cverysmallinsize.Dclumsy.
68.HowmanymodelshavebeenputforwardfortheextinctionofGenyoris?
AOne.BTwo.
CThree.DFour.
69.ThatAustraliaexperiencedmildcoolingandtheAmericasrapidwarmingsuggeststhat
AtheclimaticconditionswereunfitforGenyornistolive.
BGenyorniswerehighlyadaptabletodifferentclimaticconditions.
CThetwoclimaticconditionswerebothbadforGenyornis.
DTheclimaticconditionshadnothingtodowiththeextinctionofGenyoris.
70.Theselectionismainlyabout
AthedebateoverthetimeofthehumanpresenceinAustralia.
Btherelationshipbetweenthehumanpresenceandmagafaunalextinction.
Ctherelationshipbetweenhumanactivitiesandclimaticchanges.
Dthedebateoverfactorscausingmegafaunalextinction.
Passage4
66.【正确答案】[Cbiganimals.
【本题考点】词语释义题。
【试题精解】考生如果有一定的构词法知识一眼就可看出该题的答案。
“mega”在英文中指“big”;fauna指“animals”,显然[C为正确答案。
考生如果没有这方面的知识,也可以利用上下文来判断。
作者在提到megafauna后紧接着提到了Genyornis,在第三段开始对其进行了描述:
“Genyorniswasaponderousbird,around80to100kginweight,abouttwiceasheavyasthelivingemuandcassowary.”足见其大。
【考点出处】第二段末句,但对该词的推断却应联系上下文。
67.【正确答案】[Dclumsy.
【本题考点】细节判断题。
【试题精解】第三段中指出“itissuchcharacteristicsthatmadethemegafaunavulnerabletohumanhunting”“suchcharacteristics”指的是其“heavy,shortandthick”,即“clumsy”。
【考点出处】根据第三段第二句可知它的腿短而粗,跑得慢,[D项clumsy“笨拙的”与句意一致。
68.【正确答案】[CThree.
【本题考点】细节判断题。
【试题精解】文中共提到了三种:
(1)Humanhunting;
(2)Climate;(3)Humanimpactandclimatechange。
【考点出处】第二、三、四段中。
69.【正确答案】[DTheclimaticconditionshadnothingtodowiththeextinctionofGenyoris.
【本题考点】推理暗示题。
【试题精解】澳大利亚经历了“mildcooling”,美洲经历了“rapidwarming”,而两个地方都出现了Genyornis的灭绝,说明气候对其灭绝并未产生什么影响。
在文中最后一段作者也指出“theinfluenceofclimatebecomesextremelyweak,andonlythearrivalofhumansisimportantinpredictingextinction.”
【考点出处】第二段和第四段。
70.【正确答案】[Dthedebateoverfactorscausingmegafaunalextinction.
【本题考点】主旨大意题。
【试题精解】本文重点介绍了造成“magafaunalextinction”的三种原因,所以[D为正确答案。
【考点出处】考察对全文的理解能力,实际上从第三题的做答中我们就可得出解答该题的部分相关信息。
■核心词汇
1.chronologyn.年代学
2.luminescencen.发光
3.erroneousa.错误的[同义false,incorrect,inexact
4.megafaunan.巨型动物
5.fluctuationn.变化[同义oscillation,rolling
6.ponderousa.笨重的[同义heavy,weighty,massive,bulky
7.cassowaryn.食火鸡
■全文精译
澳洲古代巨鸟灭绝探因
要创建人类是何时到来的、且为人们所广为接受的年代表同样也是困难的。
并且只有在光学模拟发光测定年代的方法发展起来后,人们才确定
53,000年到60,000年前澳洲有了人类,现在已证明更久远的年代是错误的。
之所以把澳洲称为试验种族灭绝理论的天然实验室,其重要性在于(liein):
人类到达这儿的年代要远远先于到达经历过巨型动物灭亡的其他大陆(如欧洲和欧亚大陆北部)的年代。
Miller等人向我们说明,“巨鸟”于50,000年前在澳洲南部同时灭绝,这和人们普遍接受的人类到达澳洲大陆的时间相当接近。
这也是气候温和的时期,随后很久才发生了更新世晚期灭绝性的气候剧变。
Miller的资料支撑了认为人类捕猎而非气候变化是巨兽灭绝的原因的观点。
“巨鸟”是远古时期一种巨型鸟类,重约80到100公斤,是鸸鹋和食火鸡的两倍重。
它是澳洲内陆和沿海地区的动物,但它的腿相对短而粗,证明它不如鸸鹋跑得快。
坚持人类导致这种鸟灭绝的人说,它们的这种特性使它们很容易受到(bevulnerableto...)捕杀。
在这一“灭绝争论”中,新的学派又建立了。
他们赞成人类及气候因素结合导致(beresponsiblefor...)了世界范围巨型动物的灭绝的观点。
新的巨鸟资料也削弱了这种争论,原因如下:
50,000年前,澳洲气候逐渐变冷;11,000到12,000年前,美洲气温迅速上升。
这些完全相异的气候条件正好与巨鸟灭绝时期相吻合(becoincidentwith)。
这说明,无论气候怎样变化,巨型动物还是难逃厄运。
在这种情况下(undertheseconditions),这种结合两种说法的观点就变得与人类导致其灭绝的观点难以区别了。
因为在他们看来,气候影响是那么微弱,只有人类的到来才预示了巨型动物的灭绝。
阅读理解-----A
TimRichterandhiswife,Linda,hadtaughtforover30yearsnearBuffalo,NewYork--heincomputers,sheinspecialeducation."Teachingmeanseverythingtous,"Timwouldsay.InApril1998,helearnedhewouldneedaheartoperation.Itwasthekindofnewsthatleadstosomeseriousthinkingaboutlife'spurpose.
Notlongafterthesurgery,TimsawabrochuredescribingImaginationLibrary,aprogramstartedbyDollyParton'sfoundation(基金会)thatmailedabookeverymonthtochildrenfrombirthtoagefiveinthesinger'shometownofSevier,Tennessee.“Ithought,maybeLindaandIcoulddosomethinglikethiswhenweretire,"
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 高考 英语 阅读 理解 二轮 基础训练 强化 试题 21