单片机AVR与PLC.docx
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单片机AVR与PLC.docx
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单片机AVR与PLC
English:
AVRmicrocontrollerandPLC:
AVRMicrocontrollerATMELCorporationin1997,developedbytheenhancedbuilt-inFlashoftheRISC(ReducedInstructionSetCPU)high-speed8-bitRISCmicrocontroller.AVRmicrocontrollercanbewidelyusedincomputerperipherals,industrialreal-timecontrol,instrumentation,communicationsequipment,householdappliancesandotherfields.
Highreliability,strongfunction,highspeed,lowpowerconsumptionandlowcosthasalwaysbeenanimportantindicatortomeasureperformanceofSCM,SCMalsocapturethemarket,anecessaryconditionforsurvival.
SCMwasmainlyduetotheearlylowleveloftechnologyanddesign,highpowerconsumptionandanti-jammingperformancewaspoor,sotosecuretheprogram:
thatthehigherfrequencycoefficientsoftheclockfrequency,solonginstructioncycle,implementationisslow.AlthoughthefutureuseofCMOSsinglechiptoimproveclockfrequencyandreducethefrequencycoefficientsandothermeasures,butthisstatehasnotbeenradicallychanged(51and51compatible).AlthoughsomehereRISCmicrocontroller(RISC)comeout,buthasfollowedthepracticeoftheclockfrequency.
AVRmicrocontrollerintroduction,completethedesigntobreaktheoldpatternoftheabolitionofthemachinecycle,abandonedcomplexinstructioncomputer(CISC)instructionstopursueacomprehensiveapproach;usingreducedinstructionset,inwordasacommandunitoflengthandthecontentisrichandtheoperandarrangementsamongopcodeword(instructionfocusedthemajorityofsingle-cycleinstructionsareso),takethatshortperiod,canprefetchinstructions,achievingasmoothandfastitcanexecutecommands.Ofcourse,thisspeedjumpontherise,backedbyitshighreliability.
AVRmicrocontrollerhardwareto16-bit8-bitmachineandthemachine'scompromisestrategythatiskeptbythelocalregisterstack(32registerfile)andthesinglehigh-speedinput/outputoftheprogram(ie,inputcaptureregisters,registersandthecorrespondingoutputcomparematchcontrollogic).Improvedinstructionexecutionspeed(1Mips/MHz),toovercomebottlenecksandenhancethefunction;whilereducingthecostofperipheralmanagement,simplifyingthehardwarestructureofarelativelylowercost.Therefore,AVRmicrocontrollerinsoftware/hardwarecosts,speed,performanceandcosttoachievetheoptimalbalancebetweenthemany,iscost-effectivesinglechip.
AVRmicrocontrollerembeddedhigh-qualityFlashprogrammemory,eraseeasily,supportISPandIAP,easydebuggingofproducts,development,production,updating.EmbeddedlonglifeEEPromcriticaldatacanbestoredforalong,toavoidpowerloss.Large-capacityRAMchipcannotonlymeetthegeneraluse,butalsosupporttheuseofmoreeffectiveproceduresforhigh-levellanguagedevelopmentsystem,andcanXiangMCS-51microcontrollerasextendedexternalRAM.
AVRmicrocontrollerI/Olinescanbesetwithallthepull-upresistorcanbesetindividuallyasinput/outputcanbeset(initial)highimpedanceinput,drivecapability(eliminatingtheneedforpower-drivendevices)andotherfeaturessothatthegainsI/Oportresources,flexible,powerful,andcanbefullyutilized.
AVRmicrocontrollerchipwithmultipleindependentclockdivider,respectively,forURAT,I2C,SPIuse.Onewith8/16bittimerwithupto10-bitwithprescaler,canbesetbysoftwaretoprovideavarietyofsub-frequencycoefficientsgraderegulartime.AVRmicrocontrollerunique"tothetimer/counter(single)two-wayformatrianglewavecount,andthenregisterwiththematchwithoutputcomparetogenerateavariabledutycycle,variablefrequency,variablephasesquare-wavedesignmethod(ie,pulsewidthmodulationoutputPWM)"isrefreshing.
Enhancedhigh-speedsynchronous/asynchronousserialportwithhardwaregeneratedcheckcode,hardwaretestingandverificationdebug,tworeceptionbuffer,thebaudrateautomaticallyadjuststhelocation(whenreceived),shieldingframe,whichcanimprovethecommunicationreliability,easyprogramming,amoreconvenientformofdistributednetworksandcommunicationsystemstoachievecomplexmulti-machineapplications,functionwelloverMCS-51/96serialCOMport,combinedwithhigh-speedAVRmicrocontroller,theinterruptservicetimeisshort,itcanbehighwaveSpecialratecommunications.
Byte-orientedhigh-speedserialinterfacehardware,TWI,SPI.TWIandI2Cinterface,compatiblewiththehardwaretosendandACKsignalidentification,addressidentification,thebusarbitrationfunction,abletomaster/slave/receiveall4combinationsofmulti-machinecommunication.SPIsupportsmaster/slaveandother4groupsofmulti-machinecommunication.
AVRMicrocontrollerwithautomaticpower-onresetcircuit,anindependentwatchdogcircuit,lowvoltagedetectioncircuitBOD,multipleresetsources(upanddownautomaticallyreset,externalreset,watchdogreset,BODreduction),canbesettostartafterthedelayWhenrunningtheprogram,enhancethereliabilityofembeddedsystems.
AVRmicrocontrollerwithavarietyofpowersavingsleepmode,andcanbewide-voltageoperation(5-2.7V),anti-jammingcapability,8-bitmachinecanreducethegeneralanti-jammingdesignworkinsoftwareandhardwareusage.
AVRmicrocontrollertechnologyembodiesthemulti-microcontrollerdevices(includingFLASHprogrammemory,Watchdog,EEPROM,with/asynchronousserialport,TWI,SPI,A/Danalog,timer/counter,etc.)andavarietyoffeatures(enhancedreliabilityreductionsystemstoreduceinterferenceinthesleepmodepowerconsumption,widevarietycategoryinterruptsystem,withinputcaptureandoutputcomparematchdiversefunctionssuchastimers/counters,areplacementfunctionofI/OPort......)inafullyembodiedtheSCMtechnologyfromthe"filmfromthewar"to"SystemonChipSoC"transitionthedirectionofdevelopment.
Referstothenewcomputertechnology-basedindustrialcontroldevices.In1987,theInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(InternationalElectricalCommittee)issueddraftstandardsonPLCPLCmadethefollowingdefinition:
"PLCisdesignedforapplicationsinindustrialenvironmentsdesignedfordigitalarithmeticoperationsoftheelectronicdevice.Itusesthepreparationofprogrammemorycanbeusedtoimplementlogicinitsinternalmemoryoperations,orderofoperations,timing,countingandarithmeticoperations,etc.operatinginstructions,andcanbedigitaloranaloginputandoutput,controlvarioustypesofmachineryorproductionprocesses.PLCanditsrelatedperipheralsshouldbeeasyandindustrialcontrolsystemsbytheformationofawhole,easytoextenditsfunctionalitytotheprinciple."
Highreliabilityisthekeytoperformanceofelectricalcontrolequipment.PLCastheuseofmodernlargescaleintegratedcircuittechnology,usingthestrictproductionprocess,theinternalcircuitstotheadvancedanti-jammingtechnology,withhighreliability.Forexample,theproductionofFseriesMitsubishiPLCMTTFupto300,000hours.SomeusetheredundantPLCCPU,theaveragetimebetweenfailuresislonger.PLCofthemachinefromoutsidethecircuit,constitutesuseofPLCcontrolsystems,andthesamesizecomparedtorelaycontactorsystem,electricalwiringandswitchcontactshavebeenreducedtohundredsoreventhousandsoftimes,faultalsogreatlyreduced.Inaddition,PLChardwarefailurewithself-detection,failurealarmtimelyinformation.Intheapplicationsoftware,applicationarealsoincorporatedintotheperipheraldevicefaultdiagnosisprocedure,thesystemisinadditiontoPLCcircuitsanddevicesotherthantheaccessprotectionfaultdiagnosis.Inthisway,thesystemoffershighreliabilityisnotsurprising.
PLCtotoday,hasformedalarge,mediumandsmallseriesproductsofallsizes.Canbeusedforoccasionsofallsizesofindustrialcontrol.Inadditiontothelogicalprocessingfunctions,themostmodernPLCprocessingpowerwithcompletedatacanbeusedforavarietyofdigitalcontrolinthefield.Inrecentyears,thefunctionsofPLCunitsinlargenumbers,topenetratetothePLCpositioncontrol,temperaturecontrol,CNCandotherindustrialcontrol.EnhancedcommunicationcapabilitieswithPLCandhumaninterfacetechnology,theuseofPLCcontrolsystemcomposedofavarietyofveryeasily.
PLCasacommonindustrialcontrolcomputer,isforindustrialandminingenterprisesintheindustrialequipment.Itinterfaceseasily,programminglanguageseasyforengineerstoaccept.Ladderlanguage,graphicsymbolsandexpressionsandrelaycircuitisveryclose,onlyasmallamountofswitchingcapacityPLClogiccontrolinstructionscaneasilyachievethefunctionsofrelaycircuits.Wasnotfamiliarwithelectroniccircuits,computerprinciplesandassemblylanguagedonotunderstandpeoplewhousecomputersinindustrialcontroltoopenthedoor.
PLClogicwithmemorylogicinsteadofwiring,greatlyreducingthewiringoutsidethecontrolequipmenttocontrolsystemdesignandconstructionofmuchshorterperiod,whilemaintainingalsobecomeeasily.Moreimportantly,thesameequipmenttomaketheproductionprocessthroughthechangeprocesschangepossible.Thisissuitableformanyvarieties,smallbatchproductionsituations.
Ultra-smallPLC,forexample,thebottomofthenewlyproducedvarietiessizeoflessthan100mm,weighslessthan150g,onlyafewwattspowerconsumption.Sincesmallsizeiseasytomounttheinternalmachineryistoachieveanidealcontrolequipment,electromechanicalintegration.
Currently,PLChasbeenwidelyusedindomesticandforeignsteel,petroleum,chemical,power,buildingmaterials,machinerymanufacturing,automobile,textile,transportation,environmental
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