四级写作周湘.docx
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四级写作周湘.docx
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四级写作周湘
四级写作——周湘(周湘湘oleander新浪微博,周湘oleander人人)
一.四级写作的特点
1.语言以简洁的简单句为主,最多辅以一两个定语从句,宾语从句,状语从句。
2.内容以大众易于表达为主,重点放在动词,动词词组,形容词的选择上。
3.话题以常见社会,文化,教育,科技类话题为主,远离热点和争议性话题。
4.语意以准确完整为主,不必刻意追求深刻和个性(区分及物动词和不及物动词,名词的意思和正确的形式。
)
二.英语四级写作历年题目汇总
2012onexcessivepackaging
2011nothingsucceedswithoutastrongwill
2011onlineshopping
2010howshouldparentshelpchildrentobeindependent?
2010dueattentionshouldbegiventospelling
2009createagreencampus
2009freeadmissiontomuseums
2008restrictionondisposableplasticbags
2008ongreenolympics
2007onselectivecourses
2007anannouncementtowelcomestudentstojoinaclub
2006oncctvspringfestivalgala
2006anannouncementforavoluntaryprogram
2005shouldtheuniversitycampusbeopentotourists
2005teachersday
2005acampaignspeech
2004abriefintroductiontoatouristattraction
2004aletterinreplytoafriend
2003aneyewitnessaccountofatrafficaccident
2003itpaystobehonest
2002studentuseofcomputers
2002alettertoaschool
2001alettertoaschoolmate
2001howtosucceedinajobinterview?
2000isatestofspokenenglishnecessary?
2000howifinancemycollegeeducation?
题目分析:
1.只考教育(13次),社会(11次,热点一次),品质类话题(2次)
2.出题形式:
信件--意图,细节,客套(套用模板)(湘湘的香水瓶)
说明文--ontheimportance/effect/influence/reasonsof...;why....;how...(原因,结果,方式,重要性)
议论文--Should...?
Isitnecessaryfor....todo...?
whatisyouropinion?
图表分析--说明文--图表数据,说明原因或者影响
3.下次考试?
a.教育类话题为主
b.“小心”材料题
c.提纲式题目按模板写即可,不可踰越提纲
d.模板统一性
三.如何备考
1.重点准备话题词汇和句型
2.对掌握的句型和词汇结合话题进行句子练习
3.考前一个月左右进行完整文章写作练习(利用模板和准备好的话题词汇)
4.话题按照教育,社会,精神分类准备
5.练习数量在于“精”“准”,不在于“多”。
四.语言准备
词汇的记忆的六步:
1念2拼3变化4拆5分6展开(MerriamWebster)
1.动词类
保护:
protect,shield,defend,guard
抱怨:
complain,makecomplaintsabout
避免:
avoid,keepawayfrom
澄清:
clarify,clearup,explain,define
持续:
last,endure,keepon
打破:
break,fallapart,smash,crack
耽搁:
delay,postpone,putoff
导致:
resultin,leadto,bringabout,generate
调查:
examine,probeinto,investigate
丢弃:
abandon,discard,quit
发生:
happen,takeplace,occur,breakout,comeabout
发现:
discover,turnup,digout
察觉:
noticeperceive,detect
反对:
objectto,disapproveof,protestagainst,opposeto
反抗:
resist,repelagainst
废止:
abolish
分配:
share,distribute,allot
服从:
obey,complywith,abideby
复制:
copy,reproduce,duplicate
改变:
change,vary,reform
隔离:
isolate,separate,setapart
攻击:
attack,invade
忽视:
neglect,ignore,overlook
花费:
spend,expend,consume
唤起:
evoke,awaken,callforth
混合:
mix,blend
获得:
acquire,gain,obtain
激发:
arouse,stir,provoke
加强:
strengthen,beefup,reinforce
假装:
pretend,simulate
减少:
decrease,falloff,dwindle
讲述:
report,portray
教育:
educate,train,enlighten
揭露:
reveal,uncover,unmask,expose
节约:
conserve,cutback,economize
解雇:
fire,dismisslayoff
解释:
translate,reword,restate
集中:
focuson,centeron,concentrateon
居住:
inhabit,occupy,reside,dwell
拒绝:
refuse,turndown
赠送:
donate,contribute,grant
决定:
decide,choose,opt
激励:
activate,motivate,spur
开始:
start,setabout
夸奖:
flatter,praise,compliment
描述:
describe,picture,depict
例证:
typify,standfor,represent
迷惑:
puzzle,confuse,bewilder
明白:
understand,makeout
评价:
evaluate,assess,estimate
评论:
comment,remark,criticize
破坏:
destroy,wipeout,wreck
欺骗:
mislead,deceive,trick
强调:
stress,emphasize
强迫:
force,oblige,compel
欣赏:
admire,respect,worship
限制:
restrict,ban
取消:
cancel,calloff
忍受:
bear,tolerate,weather,putupwith
认出:
recognize,spot,discern,identify
散播:
broadcast,spread
2.衔接类的逻辑词类
顺序类
首先,其次,然后,最后:
firstly,secondly,thirdly;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthefinalplace;
firstandforemost,moreover,additionally,furthermore,eventually,lastbutbynomeansleast;
tostartwith,toendwith,ontopofthat,inadditiontothat,addedtothat,besides,finally,lastly.
Initially,plus/also,ultimately.
转折类
However,otherwise,nevertheless,instead,notwithstanding
Incontrast,bycontrast,onthecontrary,despitethefactthat,inspiteof
But,yet,although,eventhough,though
Admittedly,concededly.
Albeit+形容词/介词词组/分词,常位于句中
Yourcourage,albeitfrailandfaint,canstillpushmeforward,continuously.
强调类
Ofcourse,indeed,mostimportant,certainly,infact,obviously,clearly,surely,inparticular,inthiscase,actually.
对比类
Incomparison,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,identically
递进类
Furthermore,moreover,besides,inaddition,additionally,also.
因果类
原因becauseof,owingto,dueto,thanksto
Becauseofyou,Ifailed.
Becauseofyoulovedme,Iremainsingletilltoday.
Becauseofthefactthatyoulovedme,Iremainsingletilltoday.
Becauseyoulovedme,Iremainsingletilltoday.
because,since,for,as,inthat
mainly/merely/simplybecause
ManyChinesestudentsgotoUSAtofurthertheirstudiesinthattheybelievetheycanhavemoreopportunitiestolivehappilyandfreely.
结果therefore,thus,hence,consequently,accordingly
asaresult,asaconsequence
so
3名词的修饰方法
a.名词的正确形式和准确语意,单数可数名词不可以单独出现,必须加上冠词;复数名词和不可数名词可以单独出现,如果表示特指含义,则需加上the.
eg:
Thestudyofliteratureworksisveryimportanttostudent.
Practicemakespermanence.
b.冠词+形容词+名词
greatpressure
intensepressure
修饰人的形容词:
褒贬(generous,miserly;selfish,selfless/altruistic;introverted,extroverted;sensitive,insensitive;)外表,性格,情感;
修饰事件:
重要的,必要的,普遍的,流行的,复杂的
c.冠词+(形容词)+名词+定语从句
定语从句就是一个带有动作含义的后置定语
which,that,who的引导词
which:
指物,表示“具体的,可触的”物体,比如“桌子,电脑等”
that:
指物,表示“抽象的,不可触的”没有生命的对象,比如“期待,假设,灵感,梦想,文化”等。
who:
指人,表示“具体的”各种人群,比如男人,女人,老人,小孩,学生,老师等。
that:
指由人构成的组织或机构,比如“committee,government,commission,agency,band”等。
d.冠词+(形容词)+名词+介词修饰
outof:
出于
Thehelpoutofcompassion
Passionoutofcuriosity
Thepassionthatisoriginatedfromcuriosity
from:
源于,来自于
Theculturefromthewest
thewesternculture
on/upon:
关于
Remarksontheimportanceofliteratureworksarevariedwithindifferenthistoricalperiods.
d.动作的名词化表达
Ifchildrenspendmuchtimeinwatchingtelevision,itwilldosomeharmtotheirphysicalhealth.
Ifparentsdotoomuchtomanagetheirchildren’slives,theirchildrenwillultimatelylosetheindependenceandcompetence.
Toomuchexposuretotelevisionprogramswillsomehowdoharmtochildren’shealth.
Parents’overinvolvementin/interferencewiththeirchildren’sbusinesswillultimatelyresultinthelossoftheirchildren’sindependenceandcompetence.
五.四级考试的得分要点
1.看上去像一篇标准的四级写作——-字数满足要求120/150/180),作文有身材,字迹清晰整齐(第一印象不差,不至于跌破底线)
三段式——小大小结构
一段见关键词
二段见逻辑(firstly,secondly…)
三段见语言
2.可以利用模板,但不要照搬模板,因为给分是globalscoring(改卷老师认识什么是模板什么是你自己的语言,用模板不会得0分,不用也不一定会得高分,理性使用模板)
3.四级写作就是高考写作的升级版,也就是词汇和语法能够有合格高中毕业生的水平即可,不同点在于,翻译被自我构思取代。
六.四级写作攻略
1.破题的方法和思路的建立
破题--
a.确定关键词(即讨论对象)
b.确定文章结构(即三段的重点讨论内容和方向)
c.确定模板
破题——确定论证的思路——转化思路,避重就轻——避论证和语言难点,讲通识/普适道理
首段:
谈现象(模板和关键词)
中间段落:
析原因/利/弊(万能句式,逻辑,词汇的选择)
结尾段落:
给结果/建议/观点(常用的建议和结果类词汇,漂亮的词汇,观点/总结)
xinxiwencet4@
密码:
zhouxiangxiang
2开头段的写法
谈现象,不给观点
hook+phenomenon
方法:
hook=background
写“重要性,严重性,普遍性”---升级版:
加时间,地点,人群,条件
句子公式:
时间/条件+三性+范围/人群
时间:
nowadays,recently,presently,incurrentdays,overthepastfewdecades,inthecontemporarytime.
范围:
instudents’life,inpeople’slives,inourneighborhood,inourmodernlife,insuchahighly-commercializedsociety.(computerized,cyberized)
人群:
amonguniversitystudents,amongtheyouth,amongmodernpeople,amongdifferentgenerations,post-eighties
条件:
withthefastprogressintechnology,withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard,withthespeedypaceofmodernlife,withtheincreasingpopulationandsettlement.
条件/时间+关键词定性分析+人群/范围
各种性:
重要性:
...isfairlyessential/critical/significant/fatal...
...mattersmost/makesahugedifferencewhencomparedwithotherstuff.
...playsaleading/pressingrole....
必要性:
...isfairlynecessary/rudimentary/fundamental/imperative...
itishighlyimperativethat..shoulddo...(事件,写主谓句)
thereisgreatneed/necessityto....
普遍性:
...isfairlyfamiliar/common/prevailing/prevalent....
...isaboutandaroundforalongtime...
...hasbeenpenetratingintoallwalksoflife.
...existseverywhere.
严重性:
...isfairlysevere,serious,grave,staid;
sample:
Withtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandard,televisionandmoviehavebeenpenetratingintoallwalksoflife.
Sample:
Intherecentyears,televisionandmovieplayanincreasinglyleadingroleinpeople’slives/inpeople’sentertainment/recreational/leisurelylives.
时间/条件+三性+人群/范围(人群或范围要回避amongthepeople,inpeople’slives,forpeople此类表达,尽量对人群和范围进行细分)
第二句话:
Itisaninterestingphenomenonthatpeopleingrowingnumbersarediscussing/voicingtheiropinionson.(提纲内容的第一部分)…
Itisofgreatinteresttonoticethatpeopleingrowingnumbersarevoicingtheirdifferent/divergentopinionsonthishot/heated/popularissue.
Plus,thereexists/emergesatrend/phenomenonthatpeopleinlargepopulationarepaying/giving/pouringmoreattentiontothisissueof…
开头模板套写练习:
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Intherecentyears,freeadmissiontomuseumshasbecomeexceedinglyprevalentinsomemetropolitanareaslikeNewYorkandBeijing.Anditisapleasingphenomenonthatpeopleingrowingnumbersarepayingtheirattentiontothishotissue.
开头终极升级版:
时间/条件+重要性/必要性/严重性/流行性+范围/人群。
+Forexample/Tobespecific/Totakeanotherlook,….paraphrasedversion…(换句型,把主语写细,换动词)
Incurrentyears,freeadmissiontomuseumsisexcessivelyprevailingbothathomeandabroad.Anditisinterestingtonoticethatpeopleinexpandingnumbersarevoicingtheiropinions/expressingtheirconcernsuponthisissue.
Overthepastfewdecades,freeadmissiontomuseumshasbeenexceedinglyprevailingbothathomeandabroad.Tobespecific,visitorsofdifferentna
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