现在完成时练习八年级.docx
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现在完成时练习八年级.docx
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现在完成时练习八年级
现在完成时
(一)
一现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
构成:
have(has)+过去分词。
规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样,在动词词尾加ed;
不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表,需要同学记忆。
现以seethefilm为例将现在完成时的肯定句,否定句和疑问句列表如下:
肯定句:
I/You/We/Theyhaveseenthefilm.
He/She/Ithasseenthefilm.
否定句:
I/You/We/Theyhavenot/haven’tseenthefilm.
He/She/Ithasnot/hasn’tseenthefilm.
疑问句:
HaveI/you/theyseenthefilm?
Yes,you/we/I/theyhave.
No,you/we/I/theyhaven’t.
Hashe/she/itseenthefilm?
Yes,he/she/ithas.
No,he/she/ithasn’t.
二、用法:
现在完成时既涉及过去,又联系现在。
用法一:
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常与just(刚刚),already(已经),never(从来没有),ever(曾经),before(以前),yet(仍然),once(一次),twice(两次),manytimes(很多次),howmanytimes(多少次),sofar(迄今为止),duringthepast(last)threeyears(最近三年来)等连用。
※ 副词的位置:
1just常用于肯定句中,放在have/has后,Hehasjustcome.
2never表示否定,放在have/has后,HehasnevervisitedtheGreatWall.
3ever用于疑问句中,句型为:
Have/Has+主语+ever+过去分词?
“…曾经……过吗?
”
用于询问某人过去的经历。
Haveyoueverbeentothefarm?
4before用于句末,Thewomanhasneverheardofthatbefore.
5yet用于句末或not之后.Hasthetrainarrivedyet?
No,notyet
6already用于肯定句,have/has之后或句末.Wehavealreadyfinishedit.
7sofar用于句首或句末.Sofar,wehavevisitedthemoon.
现在完成时态练习
一.写出下列动词的过去式,过去分词
write_______________ do_______ _______
make______ ________ lend_______________
sing______________held_________________
come______________ become____________
draw________________ spend______________
say______________cost________________
learn______________ go_______________
die________________ eat________________
study_____________look________________
二.选用have,has填空:
1.I_______toldhimthenews.
2.She________comebackfromschool.
3.You________wonthegame.
4.He________gonetoBeijing.
5.Mary_________beentoShanghai.
三.写出下列句子的否定句,一般疑问句及答语。
1.I’vealreadyairedtheroom.
2.I’vejustcleanedtheshoes.
3.Shehasalreadysharpenedthepencil.
4.ShehasjustturnedontheTV.
5.Hehasaskedaquestion.
6.Theyhavealreadydonetheirhomework.
7.Wehavepaintedtheroom.
8.Wehavealreadyfinishedit.
四.按要求改写下列各句:
1..Theyhaveboughtacomputer.(改成否定句)
2..Hehaslosthisbook.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)
3. Ihavealreadyworkedoutthismathproblem?
(改为否定句)
4.Hehasalreadyfinishedthebook.(改一般疑问句并做肯定否定回答)
5.Ihaveabook..(改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答)
6.Ihavegotabook.(改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答)
7.Hehasgotabook.(改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答)
8.Youhavedoneyourhomework.(改为反意疑问句)
9.Wehavegotlittlemilk.(改为反意疑问句)
10.Jimhasgotapen.Lucyhasgotapentoo.(改为同义句)
11.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)
I___________________beentoMacaubefore.
12.Hehasn'tcometoschoolbecausehe'sill.(就划线部分提问)
________________hecometoschool?
13.HehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.(就划线部分提问)
______________________________learnedEnglish?
14.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)
I____________just_____________anewbike.
15.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)
We_________English_________threeyears.
三)用词的正确形式填空
1.Ithinkyou______never______(hear)suchathing.
2.______you_______(read)thebookyet?
3.Tom_______just _______(find)hiscat.
4.He _______(notsee)thefilmyet.Sohe_______(see)itthisevening.
5.I ________(have)mylunchalready.
6.Youneedn’ttellhimaboutit.I_______already_______himaboutit.(tell)
7Sofar,I________(notget)aletterfromhim.
8.Inthepastfewyears,we _________ (build)alotofbuildings.
9.Intwoorthreeyears,thecity ________(become)themostbeautifuloneinChina.
10.ThisisthefirsttimeI ________(visit)theGreatWall.
11.Untilnow,she_______already_______(write)threebooks.
现在完成时
(二)
法二:
表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语有:
①for+表示一段时间的词语
IhavetaughtEnglishfor19years。
②since+表示过去时间点的词语
Hehasbeenatthisschoolsince1986.
③since+表示过去的时间状语从句
IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.
④since+一段时间+ago.
Ihaveknownhimsince20yearsago.
三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语(for,since,howlong,allone’slife)连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词,即延续性动词。
如:
be,have,know,live,work,study,learn,teach,keep,speak,talk,draw,wait,wear,walk,sleep,drive,write,do,clean等。
Ihavebeenateacherfornearly20years.
Howlonghashelivedhere?
四、延续性动词的现在完成时可和包括“现在”在内的(到说话时仍未结束)表示一段时间的状语连用。
如thismorning,today,thisweek,thesedays
HehasbeentoBeijingthreetimesthisyear.
Hehaswrittentwolettersthismorning.(说话时间在上午)Hewrotetwolettersthismorning.(说话时间在下午或晚上)
五、英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续,只是一瞬间
就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”,常见的有:
come,go,arrive,reach,see,hear,close,open,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,getup,become,borrow,lend,find,finish,receive等。
这些动词可用于现在完成时,说明某个动作的结果还存在,但不能和表示一段时间的状语(howlong,for,since)连用。
Hehascomeback.(√)
Hehascomebackfortwohours.(×)
※但在否定句中,非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰,如
Ihaven’theardfrommyfatherforalongtime.Wehaven’tseenhimsince1999.
六、当终止性动词(非延续性动词)与表示一段时间的状语(howlong,since,for,allone’slife)相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:
(1)用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.
Hehascomebackfortwoweeks.(错)
改为:
Hecamebacktwoweeksago.(正)
Ihavelostmybikefortendays.(错)
改为:
Ilostmybiketendaysago.(正)
(2)用“Itis/hasbeen+时间+since+一般过去时态”句型来改写。
HehasjoinedtheLeaguefor3years.
(错)Itis3yearssincehejoinedtheLeague.
Ihaveboughtthebookfor5days.
(错)Itis5dayssinceIboughtthebook.(正)
Hehasdiedfor20years.(
错)Itis20yearssincehedied.(正)
(3)用“时间+haspassed+since+一般过去时态”句型来改写。
Hehaslefthomefor20years.改为:
Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthome.
Hehaslosthispenfor2days.改为:
Twodayshaspassedsincehelosthispen.
(4)用系表结构来改写.
Hehasdiedfor20years.改为:
Hehasbeendeadfor20years.
Thefactoryhasopenedsince1999.改为:
Thefactoryhasbeenopensince1999.
Howlonghasheleft?
改为:
Howlonghashebeenaway?
(5)用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。
Hehasboughtthebookfortwoweeks.改为:
Hehashadthebookfortwoweeks.
常见的相应转换形式如下:
borrow/lend→keep
buy→have,
finish/end→beover
arrive/come/go/move/reach/getto→bein/at/behere/bethere
begin/start→beon
open→beopen
close→beclosed
die→bedead
leave→beaway(from)
gotoschool→beinschool/beastudent
getup→beup
fallasleep→beasleep
fallill→beill
gettoknow→know
lose→belost
become→be
join→bein/bea…member
return/comeback/getback→beback
jointhearmy→beinthearmy/beasoldier
receive/getaletter→havealetter
catch/getacold→haveacold
begintostudy→study
他参军已有三年.
Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.(错)改为:
Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.
Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.
Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.
Itisthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.
Threeyearshaspassedsincehejoinedthearmy.
现在完成时态练习:
一.写出下列动词的过去式,过去分词
wait_______________ try_______ _______
shop______ ________ borrow_______________
sing______________begin_________________
wear______________ work ____________
think________________ win______________
say______________sweep________________
sweep______________ tell_______________
steal________________ stand________________
take_____________spend________________
buy_____________get________________
live_____________watch________________
close_____________teach________________
take_____________go________________
二.完成下列同义句
(1)Hecametoourvillagetwoyearsago.=He_______ourvillagesincetwoyearsago.
(2)Helefthomethreedaysago=He__________homefor3day
(3)Iboughtthewatch2weeksago=I_______thewatchsince2weeksago.
(4)Itis5dayssinceIborrowedthebook=I__________thebookfor5days.
(5)Thefilmhasbegun=Thefilm_________forhalfanhour.
(6)Igottoknowhim10yearsago=I___________himfor10years.
(7)Thereisafactory=There_________afactoryfor20years.
(8).Ourschoolopenedin1960=Ourschool_____________since1960.
三.用for或since填空。
1.JillhasbeeninIreland________Monday.
2.JillhasbeeninIreland__________threedays.
3.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia_______15days.
4.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_____7
5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry________1974.
6.Thebusislate.We'vebeenwaiting________20minutes.
7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty
manyyears.
8.Mikehasbeenill_______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital________October.
四.用词的正确形式填空。
1.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.
2.—Howlong__________theWangs____(stay)here?
—Fortwoweeks.
3.He_________(be)toseeMsLeeandheisathomenow.
4.Greatchanges______(take)placeinmyhometownsince1996.
5.MsBlack_________(teach)mathsfor21years.
6.Whereisyourfather?
He________(go)tothebarber’s.
7.Idon’twanttoseethefilmbecauseI______(see)it.IsawitlastMonday.
8.Tom________(notsee)hisfamilyfortwoyears
9.He_______(live)inBeijingsincehewasborn.
10.We_________(nothear)fromthemforalongtime.
11.---Howlong________you_______(learn)English
---Forayear.
12._______you________(find)yourlostbook?
Yes,I________(find)ithoursago.
五.根据括号内的动词,用适当的形式填空,空内可能不只填一个词,使句子完整意思正确
1.Theyusually__________kitesonSundays.(fly)
2.Look!
Thedogs__________afterthecat.(run)
3.MissGao_______Englishinourschoolsinceshecamehere.(teach)
5.Youshouldlethim__________theworkbyhimself.(finish)
6.Meimei__________towashtheoldwoman’sclothestwiceeveryweek.(go)
7.MrJiang__________usChineselastterm.(teach)
8.Myfather__________backfromJapantomorrow.(come)
9.It’sseveno’clocknow.TheGreens______breakfasttogether.(have)
10.Jim_________manyChinesesongssin
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