计网课后习题答案英文.docx
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计网课后习题答案英文.docx
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计网课后习题答案英文
ReviewQuestions第一章
1. Whichcharacteristicsofa multiterminal systemmakeitdifferentfromacomputernetwork?
Aprocessingpowerof multiterminal systems remainedfullycentralized,whilecomputernetworkshaveadistributedprocessingpower.
一个多端系统处理能力仍然完全集中,而计算机网络具有分布式处理能力。
2. Whenwerethefirstimportantresultsachievedinthefieldofjoiningcomputersusinglong-haullinks?
Inthelate60s
在60年代后期
3. WhatisARPANET?
A. Anetworkofsupercomputersbelongingtomilitaryorganizationsandresearchinstitutesinthe UnitedStates
B. Aninternationalscientificresearchnetwork
C. ThetechnologyofcreatingWANs
Aiscorrect
4. Whendidthefirstnetworkoperatingsystemsappear?
Inthelate60s
60年代后期
5. Inwhatorderdidtheeventslistedheretakeplace?
A. TheinventionofWeb
B. ThedevelopmentofstandardLANtechnologies
C. Thestartofvoicetransmissionindigitalformthroughtelephonenetworks
TheinventionofWorldWideWeb互联网的诞生
6. WhichoftheeventsstimulatedLANdevelopment?
Appearanceoflarge-scaleintegratedcircuits (LSI devices)resultedininventionofmicrocomputerswhichinitsturnstimulatedaresearchactivityintheareaoflocalcomputernetworks(LANs).TheadoptionofpersonalcomputerswasapowerfulincentiveforthedevelopmentofLANs.
大规模集成电路(LSI器件出现)导致这反过来刺激了研究活动在本地计算机网络(LAN)的微型计算机的发明。
个人电脑的采用是对局域网发展的有力激励。
7. Specifywhenthefollowingtechnologieswerestandardized:
Ethernet,TokenRing,andFDDI.
1980,1985and1985respectively1980,1985和1985
8. Listthemaindirectionsinwhichtheconvergenceofcomputerandtelecommunicationsnetworksproceeds.
First,convergenceofservicetypesprovidedtotheclientsistobenoticed.Forexample,moderncomputernetworkssupportvoicetransmissionthatpreviouslywasaprerogativeoftelephonenetworks.Convergenceoftechnologiesisanotherdirectionoftheprocess.Atransmissionofvariouskindsofinformationsuchasdata,voiceandvideoinacommondigitalformgivesusanexampleofaconvergedtechnology.
首先,提供给客户的服务类型的收敛性是要注意的。
例如,现代计算机网络支持语音传输,以前是一个特权的电话网络。
技术的收敛性是过程的另一个方向。
数据、语音、视频等一种常见数字形式的各种信息的传输给我们提供了一个融合技术的例子。
9. Explainthemeaningofthefollowingterms:
multiservice network,info-communicationsnetwork,andIntelligentNetwork.
Multiservicenetwork isauniversalnetworkcapabletoprovidearichsetofservices combiningtelephonyanddataservices;forexample,providingaunifiedmessagingservicewhichcombinese-mail,voice, fax andpagingservices.
Infocommunicationsnetworks arearesultofadeepmutualpenetrationof twomajorcomponentsofcontemporarynetworks.Theseareinformational(computer-based)andtelecommunicationscomponents.
Intelligent Network (IN)aresupplementaryservicesprovidedbytelephonenetworks,suchascalltransfer,conferencing,andtelepolling,whichareimplementedbymeansofasupplementarycomputernetworkwithserversinwhichtheservicelogicisprogrammed.
Thesethreetermsareverycloseandcanbeusedassynonyms.
多业务网络是一个能够提供一组丰富的服务相结合的电话和数据服务的通用网络;例如,提供统一消息服务将电子邮件、语音、传真、寻呼业务。
信息通信网络是一个深刻的相互渗透的当代网络的两个主要组成部分。
这些都是信息(以计算机为基础的)和电信组件。
智能网络(IN)是通过电话网络所提供的辅助服务,如呼叫转移、会议、和telepolling,这是实现通过计算机辅助网络服务器,编写业务逻辑。
这三个词是非常接近的,可以用作同义词。
Problems
1. ExplainwhyWANsappearedearlierthanLANs.
2. UsingvarioussourcesontheInternet,findhistoricalrelationshipsbetweentheX.25technologyandtheARPANETnetwork.
3. DoyouthinkthatthehistoryofcomputernetworkscanbeinterpretedasthehistoryoftheInternetevolution?
Substantiateyour opinion.
ReviewQuestions第二章
1. Whatinformationistransmittedusingthelinkconnectingtheexternalinterfacesofthecomputerandtheperipheraldevice?
Instructionswhichcontrolaperipheraldevice;devicestateinformation;input-outputuserdata.
说明了外围设备,控制设备的状态信息;用户;输入输出数据。
2. Whatcomponentsdoesthedeviceinterfaceinclude?
The physicalinterface (or port)representsaconnectorwithasetofcontacts,eachassignedforaspecificpurpose. The logicalinterface isasetofinformationmessagesofapredefinedformatthattwodevicesorprogramsusetoexchangedata,aswellasasetofrulesdeterminingthelogicofthisexchange.
物理接口(或端口)表示一个连接器,该连接器具有一组触点,每个触点都有一个特定的目的。
逻辑接口是一组用于交换数据的预定义格式的信息消息,以及确定该交换逻辑的一组规则。
3. Whattasksdoestheoperatingsystemperformwhenexchangingdatawith
peripheraldevices?
4. Whichactionsaretypicallyaccomplishedbytheperipheraldevicedriver?
5. Definetheterm‘topology’
6. Towhichtypeoftopologyisitpossibletoattributethestructureformedbynodesconnectedtooneanotherinatriangle?
Afullyconnected topology;aringtopology.
一个完全连接的拓扑结构;拓扑结构。
7. Towhichtypeoftopologyisitpossibletoattributethestructureformedbynodesconnectedtooneanotherinasquare?
Ameshtopology;aringtopology.网状拓扑;环形拓扑。
8. Towhichtypeoftopologyisitpossibletoattributethestructureformedbythreesequentiallyconnectednodes(thelastnodeisnotconnectedtothefirstone)?
Ameshtopology;astartopology.一种拓扑结构;星形拓扑。
9. Thecommonbustopologyisaparticularcaseof:
A. Fullyconnected
B. Ring
C. Star -correct
10. Whichtopologyischaracterizedbyincreasedreliability?
Aringtopologyastheinformationcanbetransmittedintwodirections:
clockwiseandcounterclockwise.
一个环形的拓扑结构,因为信息可以双向传输:
顺时针和逆时针方向。
11. Whichtopologyisthemostwidelyusedintoday'sLANs?
Hierarchical star (tree).层次之星(树)。
12. Whataretherequirementsforthesystemofaddressing?
13. Towhattypecantheaddresseslistedbelowbeattributed?
- symbolichierarchicaladdress
20-34-а2-00-с2-27 - numeric flat address
128.145.23.170- numeric hierarchicaladdress
符号层次地址
20-а2-00-с2-27数字平面地址
128.145.23.170数字层次地址
14. Whatarethedifferencesbetweenaflowandastream?
15. Whichattributescanbeusedasaflowcharacteristic?
Sourceaddress,destinationaddress,label,application’stypeandsomeothers.
源地址,目的地址,标签,应用程序的类型和其他一些。
16. Describethemainapproachesandcriteriausedwhenchoosingaroute.
17. Whichofthestatementslistedbelowcanbetrueinsomecases?
A. Routesarefixedonswitchesbyconnectingpairsofinterfaces. Yes
B. Routesaredefinedbythenetworkadministratorandmanuallyenteredintoaspecialtable. Yes
C. Theroutingtableisenteredintotheswitchatthemanufacturingplant. No
D. Theroutingtableiscreatedautomaticallybythenetworkhardware
andsoftware. Yes
E. Eachswitchhasaspecialroutingtablestoredonit. Yes
18. Whichofthesedevices—automatictelephoneexchange,router,bridge,ormultiplexer—canbecalledaswitch?
Allofthem
19. Whichmethodsareusedformultiplexing?
TimeDivisionMultiplexing(TDM),FrequencyDivisionMultiplexing(FDM),WavelengthDivisionMultiplexing(WDM).
时分多路复用(TDM),频率复用(FDM),波长复用(WDM)。
19. Describethedifferencebetweensharedmediaandmultiplexing.
Problems
1. Describethemainproblemsthatneedtobesolvedtoensureinformationexchangebetweenanytwosubscribersinanytypeofcommunicationsnetwork.
(1) Definingflowsandrespectiveroutes;
(2) Specifyingroutesasparametersandtableentriesofnetworkdevices
(3) Flowsrecognitionandtransmittingdatabetweeninterfacesofthesamedevice
(4) Multiplexing/Demultiplexingofflows
(5) Sharingofmedium
(1)确定流动和各自的路线;
(2)指定路由作为网络设备的参数和表项
(3)同一设备的接口之间的流量识别和传输数据
(4)复用/解复用流
(5)分享媒介
2. Explainhowthedivisionofcommontrafficintoseveraldifferentflowsallowstheoptimizationofcontroloveranurbantransportationsystem.
3. SupposethatthereareseveralroutesinthenetworkbetweenendnodesАandB.Considertheadvantagesanddrawbacksofvariantsofdatatransmissionbetweenthesenodes:
∙ Isusingallexistingroutesforparalleldatatransmissionbetterthan
transmittingalldataalongasinglerouteoptimalaccordingtoa
specificcriterion?
∙ Useseveralofthepossibleroutesandsharedatatransmissionamongthem.Whatrulecanbeusedtodefinetherouteneededtoforwardthenextpacket?
ReviewQuestions第三章
1. Whattypesofmultiplexingandswitchingareusedintelephonenetworks?
TimeDivisionMultiplexing(TDM),FrequencyDivisionMultiplexing(FDM);circuitswitching.
时分多路复用(TDM),频率复用(FDM);电路开关。
2. Whichpropertiesofcircuit-switchednetworkscanbeconsidereddrawbacks?
∙ Possibilityofsetuprequestblocking;
∙ Impossibilitytoredistributeafixedbandwidthofacircuitdedicatedtoaparticularuserbetweenotherusersofanetworkduringperiodswhenthisuserdoesn’tuseallamountofthecircuitbandwidth.
安装请求阻塞的可能性;
不可能再分配一个固定的带宽的专用于一个特定的用户之间的特定用户在期间,当这个用户不使用所有的电路带宽。
3. Whichpropertiesofpacket-switchednetworksnegativelyaffectthetransmissionofmultimediainformation?
Asourceofmultimediasuchasvoiceorvideogeneratesaregular(even)streamofpackets.Whiletransferringthroughapacket-switchednetworkthesepacketscanexperienceunevendelaysduetocongestionandhencequeuesofdifferentsizes.Asaresultstreamofarrivingatdestinationnodepacketsisuneven,i.e.withdifferentinter-packetintervals. Thisconditionresultsindistortionsinplaybackofvideoorvoiceatadestinationnode.
如语音或视频的多媒体的来源,产生一个规则的数据包(偶数)流。
虽然通过一个分组交换网络传输这些数据包可以体验不平衡的延迟,由于拥塞,因此不同大小的队列。
由于到达目的节点的数据流是不平衡的,即具有不同的帧间间隔。
此条件导致在目标节点上播放视频或声音的失真。
4. Isbufferingusedincircuit-switchednetworks?
No
5. Whichelementofthecircuit-switchednetworkcandenythenoderequestingtoestablishcircuit?
A
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