英语被动语态.docx
- 文档编号:16827709
- 上传时间:2023-07-17
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:20
- 大小:31.06KB
英语被动语态.docx
《英语被动语态.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语被动语态.docx(20页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
英语被动语态
被动语态(75-80)
及物动词才有被动语态
被动语态beV+p.p.
beV管时态
p.p.管被动
一、S+V+O的被动语态
注意1
By+受词可省的情形有三
1.动作者为一般人或泛指一类人时
在这个地区随处可看见野生猴子
Wildmonkeysareseenaroundthisarea.
2.动作者不清楚时
这个座位有人坐了
Thisseatistaken.
3.从前后文的关系可清楚动作者是谁时
报纸约在早上五点送达
Thenewspapersaredeliveredaround5:
00a.m.
注意2
当一个动词加上一个介词有特定意义,可做被动语态
Theballoonshadbeenblownawaybythewindbeforetheycome.
二、S+V+O+O的被动语态
1.Theysentallthecustomersacardaboutthesale.
>Allthecustomersweresent(bythem)acardaboutthesale.
Theysentacardaboutthesaletoallthecustomers.
>Acardaboutthesalewassent(bythem)(to)allthecustomers.
2.Theembassygavemeanewpassport.
>Iwasgivenanewpassportbytheembassy.
>Anewpassportwasgiven(to)mebytheembassy.
3.Myfatherboughtmeamotorcycle.
>Iwasboughtamotorcyclebymyfather.
>Amotorcyclewasboughtformebymyfather.
注意1:
动词buy,get,make,read,sing,write,build,cook,pass,choose等,其被动语态,多不用间接受词(人)当主语
注意2:
用to时,可以省略
三、S+V+O+C的被动语态
1.HisgrandfathernamedthebabyDoris.
ThebabywasnamedDorisbyhisgrandfather.
2.Johnpersuadedmetogotothedentist.
Iwaspersuadedtogothedentistbyjohn.
重点
1.Theymadethestudentswaitinline.
Thestudentsweremadetowaitinline.
2.Heheardhisdogbark/barkingatacat.
Hisdogwasheardtobark/barkingatacat(byhim).
3.Isawamanjump/jumpingintotheriver.
Amanwasseentojump/jumpingintotheriverbyme.
四、疑问句的被动语态
1)YES/NO问句(beV或助动词为首的问句)
1.Doesyourwifecookyourmeals?
你太太帮你做三餐吗?
Areyourmealscookedbyyourwife?
2.Didyourfatherbakethispizza?
Wasthispizzabakedbyyourfather?
3.Willyoufinishtheworktomorrow?
Willtheworkbefinished(byyou)tomorrow?
2)WH问句
1.WhoproducedthisCD?
Who(m)wasthisCDproducedby?
BywhomwasthisCDproduced?
文章体
2.Whodothepolicesuspect?
Whoissuspectedbythepolice?
3.WhatdoyoucallthisinEnglish?
Whatisthiscalled(byyou)inEnglish?
4.Whatkindofprogramdoyoufavor?
Whatkindofprogramisfavoredbyyou?
五、祈使句的被动语态
1)(Don’t/Never)+原形动词>Let~
1.Openthedooroftheroom.
>Letthedooroftheroombeopened.
注意let后使用be(原形)
2.Don’tforgetthislesson.
>Don’tletthislessonbeforgotten.
>Letthislessonnotbeforgotten.
2)Let+受词+原形动词
1.Letmydaughterspackthethings.
>Letthethingbepackedbymydaughters.
重点:
使役动词
a.make/have+O+
Imadehimtodoit.
Imadeitdone.
b.get+O+
Igothimtodoit.
Igotitdone.
c.let+O+
Ilethimdoit.
Iletitbedone.
六、say,believe,expect,know,think,consider等的被动语态
1.Theysaythatyawnsarecatching.打哈欠会传染
>Itissaid(bythem)thatyawnsarecatching.据说~
>>Yawnsaresaidtobecatching.
Itissaid+that+S+V=SissaidtoV
2.Weexpectthattheplanewilllandontime.
>Itisexpectedthattheplanewilllandontime.
>>Theplaneisexpectedtolandontime.
3.Theythinkthatheisthebestfootballplayeroftheyear.
>Itisthoughtthatheisthebestfootballplayeroftheyear.
>>Heisthoughttobethebestfootballplayeroftheyear.
七、特别注意的被动语态
1)被动语态行为者前不加by
情绪动词
如interest
Englishinterestsme.
Englishisinterestingtome.
IaminterestedinEnglish.
beshockedat(by)
besurprised/amazedat(by)
beamusedat(by)
bedisappointedat(by)+事对~(事)感到失望
bedisappointedin(with,about)+人对~(人)感到失望
besatisfiedwith
beexcitedabout
beembarrassedabout
beinterestedin
beknownto+人
becoveredwith+物
becrowdedwith+物
with+道具,手段,物品
as+身份
by+动作者,行为者
1.Shewasshockedattheman’sbadmanners.
2.Herparentsweresatisfiedwithherschoolreport.
3.Mr.Wangwasknowntomanyyoungstudents.
注意
4.Thelanguageisknownbyeveryone
known+by+行为者everyone都实际学习了,是行为者
beknownto为...所知
beknownby通过...(了解到)
5.Sheisknownasanexcellentpianist.身为~而闻名
6.Theboxwascoveredwithablackclothbythemagician.
7.Manypeoplewerekilledintheplanecrash.
8.Heisabsorbedinbuyingandsellingrealestate.热衷于~
realestate不动产,房地产personalestate动产estateagent英/realtor美房屋中介
2)具有被动语态功能的过去分词,有时可修饰名词
1.Thesearehome-madecakes.
2.Excitedspectatorrushedintotheplayground.
3)不定词,动名词也可用于被动
tobe>tobep.p.
Ving>beingp.p.
1.我不喜欢成为别人的话题
Idon’tliketobetalkedabout.
2.Nobodylikesbeingmadefunof.
4)被动语态,有时表示动作,有时表示状态
1.Thestreetlightsareswitchedonatsunset.动作
Thestreetlightsareswitchednow.状态
2.Mylittlebrotherisdressedbymymother.
Mylittlebrotherisdressedinredpantstoday.
bedressed/dressonself
注意1
有时为了强调动作,经常用become,get,grow代替be动词
1.Shegotdressedveryquickly.穿衣服很快
注意2
有时为了强调状态,会用lie,stand,remain,stay等代替be动词
2.Thecityliesburiedunderthesand.
3.Thedoorremainedcloseduntilmorning.
5)主动语态表示被动
bake烘焙
sell销售
keep保持
cook烹调
rent出租
lock上锁
eat吃起来
wear耐用
catch勾住
feel摸起来
wash清洗
cut切掉
read读起来
tear弄破
peel剥皮
1.Chickendoesn’tbakewell.
2.Yourpaperreadslikeanovel.你的报告
3.Longusehaswornhisglovesatthetips.
长久的使用使他手套的指尖部分磨损了
4.Redwinestainsdon’twashouteasily.
5.Thedoordoesn’tlock.
6.Thistoughsteakdoesn’tcuteasily.
6)经验性的被动语态
have/get+O+p.p.>被害
1.Ihadmyhouseburneddowninthefire.
我家在那场火灾中付之一炬
2.Igotmypockedpicked.
我的钱被扒了
3.Igotmywristbroken.
我弄折了我的手腕
注意
以下表示纯粹被动,无被害
4.Igotmytoothpulledout.我牙被拔了/我拔牙了
5.Ihadmyhaircut.我理发了
7)惯用的被动语态
a.beborn
Iwasbornin1975.
注意
生产(baby);忍受bear-bore-borne
出生bear-bore-born
1.Mymomhasbornefourchildren.
2.Youwerebornebyme.你是我生的
3.HewasbornonJanuary1.他出生在一月一日
b.bemarried结婚marry嫁;娶
Theyhavebeenmarriedforsevenyears.
c.beinjured/bewounded/behurt受伤
hurt-hurt-hurt
injure(无限定)使~受伤
wound(以刀,枪)使~负伤
hurt(精神上,肉体)伤害
1.Shewasbadly/slightlyinjuredintheaccident.
2.Hewaswoundedintheleftleg.
3.Aren’tyouhurt?
d.be/getacquaintedwith熟悉
Theyareacquaintedwitheachother.
e.beengagedin从事~,忙于~
beengagedtosb.订婚
1.Myfatherisengagedinbusiness.
2.JohnisengagedtoMary.
f.beused/accustomedto(prep.)习惯
1.Theyareaccustomedtoforeignmanners.
2.Iamusedtostayinguplateatnight.
注意
beusedtoN/Ving习惯~
usedtoV以前习惯,过去常常
1.Myfatherusedtosmoke,(butnowhedoesn’t.)
2.Heusedtobeanaughtyboy.(现在不是了)
g.beseated坐下
Pleasebeseated.
Pleaseseatyourself.
Pleasesitdown.
Pleaseseatyourself.
助动词(81-85)
一.助动词的特征
1.其后须接原形动词
2.现在式中,主词为第三人称单数,字尾不加s
HecansspeakEnglish.
3.形成否定句,助动词后加not
HecannotspeakEnglish.
4.形成疑问句时,直接将助动词置于主词前
HecanspeakEnglish.
>CanhespeakEnglish?
5.两个助动词不能连用
Youwillcanswimsoon.
Youwillbeabletoswimsoon.
二.助动词的用法
1)can(could)[能力,许可,可能]
a.表[能力]=beableto
1.HecanspeakJapanese,buthecannot/can’twriteit.
2.Shetriedtotietherope,butshecouldn’t(过去式).
3.Iwillbeabletofinishthepaper,andgoouttoseetheexhibitiontomorrow.
4.Ihaven’tbeenabletorecallhisname.
b.表[可能]
1.Itcannotbetrue.
2.Thiskindofthingcanhappeneverynowandthen.
3.Aquarrelcansometimescausetrouble.
4.ThelightintheskycouldbeaUFO.过去式
c.表[许可]
1.Youcancomeinifyouhaveaticket.
2.I’mafraidyoucan’tparkyourcarhere.
3.--CanIleaveearlybecauseI’mnotwelltoday?
--Certainly.
d.表[请求]
1.Canyoudomeafavor?
Couldyoudomeafavor?
更为客气
注意
一般来说,对自己的行为会用CanI~?
而对对方的行为则用Couldyou~?
2.Couldyourepeatyourcellphonenumber,please?
2)may(might)
a.表[许可]
1.Youmaynotchewguminclass.
2.--MayIinterruptyou?
--Sure.
b.表[可能]
1.YoumayberightbutIamagainstyouropinion.
2.Hishealthmayormaynotturnforthebetter.
3.Shemightnotknowthatyouarehere.
might所表示的可能性较may低
c.表[祈愿]
1.MayIneverseeasightlikethatagain!
愿我不会再看见那样的景象
2.Mayyousucceed.
祝你成功
3)must
a.表[义务,命令]
1.YoumustreturnthisbookbynextTuesday.
2.Youmustnottalkwithyourmouthfull.
注意
mustnot不可以,禁止
3.MustIreallyattendthemeeting?
--Yes,youmust.
--No,youneednot.
--No,youdon’thaveto.
注意
must=haveto
must只能用于现在式
其过去式只能用hadto,未来式用willhaveto,完成式用havehadto代替
1.IhadtogotoseethedoctorbecauseIcaughtacold.
IcaughtTom’scold.被Tom传染了感冒
2.You‘llhavetoreplacethelightbulb.
3.Wehavehadtostayherebecauseit’srainingheavily/catsanddogsoutside.
我们必须一直待在这里,因为外面正在下大雨
重点
口语中,常用havegotto代替haveto
其中have是准助动词
1.You’vegottobemorepatient,Mary.
由于have是准助动词,所以可以缩写
b.表[推测]
1.Youmustbekidding.
2.Thatisanenormousanimal;itmustweighaton.
重点
表推测时的must,否定用cannot,mustnot是不可以,禁止
1.She’sveryyoung.Shecannotbeovertwenty.
c.表[必然]
1.Allmanmustdie.
人一定会死
4)will
a.表[现在的推测]
1.Momwillbedownstairsnow.
妈妈现在应该在楼下吧
2.Thatwillbehishouse.
那应该是他家吧
b.表[主词强烈的意志;固执]
1.Thewindowswillnotopen.
窗户怎么也打不开(人的感受,也许其他人感到可以打开)
2.Hewillinsistonhisright.
他要坚持他的权利
c.表[习惯;倾向]
1.Accidentswillhappen.
事故总会发生
2.Adrowningmanwillcatchatastraw.
溺水者总会攀草求援
d.表[请求;劝诱]
1.Willyoubringmealadder?
麻烦你拿个梯子给我好吗
2.Willyouhaveonemorecoffee?
你要不要再来杯咖啡呢?
5)would
would为will的过去式,但其有特殊的用法
a.表[客气的请求]
1.WouldyoumindifIsitnexttoyou?
Wouldyoumindme/mysittingnexttoyou?
2.Wouldyoucallmebacklater?
Wouldyoupleasecallmebacklater?
Wouldyoucallmebacklater,please?
b.表[过去的习惯/常常做的事情]
常伴随sometimes,often等频率副词
1.Beforetheyhadtelevision,peoplewouldlistentotheradio.
Beforetheyhadtelevision,peoplelistenedtotheradio.语气没上去
在有电视之前,人们常常听收音机
2.Susanwouldoftenchatwithusatthiscoffeeshop.
Susan以前经常和我们~,(现在不了)
c.表[过去的意志]
1.Youwouldn’teatcarrotswhenyouwereaboy.
2.Therustyscrewwouldn’tcomeloose.
这生锈的螺丝怎么也弄不开
6)usedto
a.表[过去习惯]
1.Johnusedtoworkpart-time(adv.)atarestaurantafterschool.
2.Iusedtogoforaswimonmylunchbreak,butnowIdon’t.
3.IusedtogotothemovieseverySunday.
IwoundoftengotothemovieswhenIwas
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 被动 语态
![提示](https://static.bingdoc.com/images/bang_tan.gif)