初中英语被动语态.docx
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初中英语被动语态.docx
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初中英语被动语态
初中英语被动语态
一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种:
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如:
Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。
(主动语态)
Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。
(被动语态)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。
被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。
疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为:
情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"be+过去分词"部分不变。
如:
Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那时桌子可由石头制造。
(一般过去时)
Cantablesbemadeofstone?
桌子能用石头制造吗?
(疑问句)
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:
(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语:
注意:
如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。
如:
Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.
Ihithim.(主)→Hewashitbyme.(被)
(2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
注意:
Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.
他们昨天开会了。
(3)将主动句的主语改为by的宾语,放在谓语动词后。
注意:
如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。
Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:
含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。
但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.
Jacktoldthetruthtous.
ThetruthwastoldtousbyJack.
Tomgavemeapen.(主)
IwasgivenapenbyTom.(被)
Tomgaveapentome.(主)
ApenwasgiventomebyTom.(被)
四.注意事项:
1.主动语态变为被动语态,句子的时态保持不变。
Iwillgivehimapen.(主)
Hewillbegivenapenbyme.(被)
我将给他一支笔。
2.在感官动词或使役动词后作补语的动词,在被动语态中用不定式。
1)IheardyoutalkwithPeter.(主)
我听到你和彼得谈话。
YouwereheardtotalkwithPeter.(被)
2)Isawhercomeoutoftheclassroom.(主)
我看见她出了教室。
Shewasseentocomeoutoftheclassroombyme.(被)
3)make/letsbdosth
Sbbemade/lettodosth
3.主动语态中如用people,somebody等作主语,被动语态中可省略宾语。
Peopleeatwatermelonsinthesummer.(主)
Watermelonsareeateninthesummer.(被)
在夏天吃西瓜。
4.否定句的被动语态中,not放在第一个助动词后。
1)Youshouldnotblameme.(主)
你不应该责怪我。
Ishouldnotbeblamedbyyou.(被)
2)Youshouldnotwritethisletter.(主)
你不应该写这封信。
Thislettershouldnotbewrittenbyyou.(被)
5.疑问句的被动语态中,用be代替do。
1)Doesshedrivethiscar?
(主)
Isthiscardrivenbyher?
(被)
2)Whatshallwedonext?
(主)
Whatwillbedonebyusnext?
(被)
6.祈使句的被动语态形式为:
let+宾语+be+过去分词。
Openthedoorplease.(主)
Letthedoorbeopenedplease.(被)
7.主动语态中有复合人称代名词时,被动语态的形式为:
主动语态的主语+BE+过去分词。
Tomhurthimself.(主)
Tomwashurt.(被)
8.下列动词(词组)没有被动式:
1)系动词:
以主动形式表示被动之意
常见的系动词有:
①be动词
②……起来(7个):
look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem,appear
e.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.
Itsmellsterrible.
③(逐渐)变得/变成:
become,grow,get,turn,come,go
e.g.Hiswishhascometrue.
Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.
Thetreeisgrowingtall.
④保持:
keep,stay
e.g.Wemustkeepquietinthereadingroom.
2)happen,takeplace,breakout(爆发),belongto,cost,take
3)不及物动词sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.(×)昨天发生了一起事故。
Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.
六、各种时态的被动语态举例(以动词do为例)
1.一般现在时(am/is/are+done)
Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的许多人都说英语。
ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.每周四都举行班会。
Theclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.学生们每天都打扫教室。
2.一般过去时(was/were+done)
Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
Hewassavedatlast.他最终获救了。
Mybikewasstolen.我的自行车被偷了。
3.一般将来时与过去将来时(will/shallbe+done;would/shouldbe+done)
Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。
Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一条新马路。
Ithoughtthousandsofpeoplewouldbehelped.我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
4.现在进行时与过去进行时(am/is/arebeing+done;was/werebeing+done)
Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天这时,机器正在被修理。
Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.问题正在被讨论。
Abusisbeingpushedbythepassengers.路人正在推一辆公共汽车。
5.现在完成时(have/hasbeen+done)
Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。
Thebookhasbeenreadmanytimesbyme.这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。
6.过去完成时(hadbeen+done)
Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
Shefoundthehousehadbeendestroyedbythestorm.她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。
Hehadbeentorturedbytheillnessformanyyearsbeforehedied.
他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。
被动语态专项练习
Ⅰ单项选择
1.Goodbooks____againandagain.
A.shouldbereadedB.shouldberead
C.mustreadD.oughttoread
2.Thechildren____bythenurse.
A.werelookedB.lookedafter
C.werelookedafterD.looked
3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.
A.gave,didn'tlisten
B.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened
C.give,wasn'tlistened
D.wasgiven,didn'tlisten
4.When____theaccident_____?
A.was,happenB.did,happenC.is,happenD.was,happened
5.Thequestion____byussoon.
A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscuss
C.isgoingtobediscussed
D.hasbeendiscussed
6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.
A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt
7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.
A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup
8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.
A.hadfinishedB.havefinished
C.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished
9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.
A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown
11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____.
A.havetaken,havebeenopened
B.take,areopen
C.aretaken,open
D.havebeentaken,areopened
12.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.
A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken
13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.
A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairing
C.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired
14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.
A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing
15.Thewar______in1941.
A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenout
C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout
16.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.
A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung
17.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.
A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned
18.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.
A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted
19.Thesun_____atnightasusual.
A.canbeseenB.can'tseeC.can'tbeseenD.doesn'tsee
20.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.
A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbroken
C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken
21.Thisbike________lastyear.
A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenbought
22.-Thewindowisdirty.
—Iknow.It_____forweeks.
A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tclean
C.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned
23.Hundredsofjobs_______ifthefactorycloses.
A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose
( )1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.
A.found B.was founded C.isfounded D.wasfound
( )2English____inCanada.
A.speaks B.arespoken C.isspeaking D.isspoken
( )3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensings B.oftensang C.isoftensang D.isoftensung
( )4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makes B.made C.is making D.ismade
( )5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isused B.areusing C.areused D.haveused
( )6Ourroommust___clean.
A.keep B.bekept C.tobekept D.tokeep
( )7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.
-I'msorry.___.
A.itsold B.it'sselling
C.It'sbeensold D.ithadbeensold
( )8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuilding B.isbeingbuilt
C.beenbuilt D.bebuilding
( )9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleft B.willbeleft C.isleft D.hasbeenleft
( )10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.need B.areneeding C.areneeded D.willneed
( )11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
A.willbepublished B.ispublishing
C.isbeingpublished D.hasbeenpublished
( )12Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspoken B.arespoken
C.isspeaking D.isnotspeaking
( )13Thesepapers___yet.
A.havenotwritten B.havenotbeenwritten
C.hasnotwritten D.hasnotbeenwritten
( )14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn't B.won't C.isn't D.doesn't
( )15—Myshoesarewornout.
—_______________
A.Can'ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit.
C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'ttheymended?
( )16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ireallyneedit.
A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are
( )17___thesedesksbeneeded?
A.Will B.Are C.Has D.Do
( )18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?
A.didn'tameetinghold B.wasn'tameetingheld
C.wasn'theldameeting D.ameetingwasn'theld
( )19Whowasthebook___?
A.write B.wrote C.written D.writtenby
( )20Where___theseboxesmade?
A.was B.were C.is D.am
( )21Theflowers___often.
A.mustbewater B.mustbewatered
C.mustwatered D.mustwater
( )22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.
A.bekept B.beborrowedC.keep D.borrow
( )23Theteachermadehim___hishomework.
A.todo B.do C.did D.done
( )24Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.
A.wasmadetoclean B.madeclean
C.madetoclean D.wasmadeclean
( )25Thesechildren____dance.
A.wereseento B.wereseenfor C.wereseen D.sawto
( )26Thebike___500yuan.
A.wascost B.costed C.cost D.iscosted
(
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