仔细阅读部分讲义修改.docx
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仔细阅读部分讲义修改.docx
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仔细阅读部分讲义修改
Directions:
Thereareseveralpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
(2011年12月大学英语四级考试真题)
It’sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?
Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloff,andwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isaythatyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat’sthepointifyoucan'tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyear–wejustwon’tgo.
Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitsknees,weshouldbegrateful.Formanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholiday.AYouGovpollof2,000peoplefound22%saidtheywerearguingmorewiththeirpartnersbecauseofconcernsaboutmoney.What'slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecession–financialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.Arecentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.Disputeswerecharacterizedbyintenseverbalaggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolved,andmademen,morethanwomen,extremelyangry.
KimStephenson,anoccupationalpsychologist,believesmoneyissuchabigdealbecauseofwhatitsymbolizes,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen."Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedifferentconceptionsofwhatitisfor,"heexplains."Theywillsayit'stosave,tospend,forsecurity,forfreedom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethem"Hesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthatthey'veachievedsomething.
“Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowswhatisgoingonwiththeirfinances,buttheydon’t.Thereseemstobemoreofatabooabouttalkingaboutmoneythantalkingaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyouaredoing,whoispayingwhatintothejointaccountandhowmuchyoukeepseparately.Inahealthyrelationshipyoudon’thavetoagreeaboutmoney,butyouhavetotalkaboutit.”
1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutvacationing?
APeopleenjoyitallthemoreduringarecession
BFewpeoplecanafforditwithoutworkinghard
CItmakesallthehardworkworthwhile
DItisthechiefcauseoffamilydisputes
2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“moneyisknown…tobringarelationshiptoitsknees”(Line1Para.2)?
AMoneyisconsideredtobetherootofallevils
BSomepeoplesacrificetheirdignityformoney
CFewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoney
DDisputesovermoneymayruinarelationship
3.TheYouGovpollof2000peopleindicatesthatinarecession_________________.
Aconflictsbetweencouplestendtorise
Bitismoreexpensiveforcouplestosplitup
Ccouplesshowmoreconcernforeachother
Ddivorceandseparationratesincrease
4.WhatdoesKimStephensonbelieve?
AMoneyisoftenasymbolofaperson’sstatus
BMoneymeansagreatdealtobothmenandwomen
CMenandwomenspendmoneyondifferentthings
DMenandwomenviewmoneyindifferentways
5.Theauthorsuggestsattheendofthepassagethatcouplesshould________________
Aputtheirmoneytogetherinsteadofkeepingitseparately
Bmakeeffortstoreachagreementontheirfamilybudgets
Cdiscussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyrelationship
Davoidarguingaboutmoneymatterstoremainromantic
PassageTwo
(2011年6月大学英语四级考试真题)
Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(随机地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.
Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.
AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.
InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye–theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor-saidthat“ifyou’resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.”
2.WhatdoesSamBoakye’sremarkmean?
A)Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.
B)Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.
C)Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.
D)Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.
Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.
Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.
AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.
3.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?
A)Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.
B)Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.
C)Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon’tgetalong.
D)Assigningstudents’lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.
GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings.“Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,”shesaid.
AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingforhousing.
“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,”saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley.“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.”
4.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe“definitionofintegration”?
A)Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.
B)Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.
C)Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.
D)Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.
“I’veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,”saidonePennresidentadvisor(RA).TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts“providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合),”therewerealso“jarringculturalconfrontations.”
TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.
Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.
5.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?
A)Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.
B)Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.
C)Students’racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.
D)Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems
1.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?
A)Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.
B)Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.
C)Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.
D)Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.
2.WhatdoesSamBoakye’sremarkmean?
A)Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.
B)Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.
C)Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.
D)Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.
3.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?
A)Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.
B)Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.
C)Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon’tgetalong.
D)Assigningstudents’lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.
4.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe“definitionofintegration”?
A)Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.
B)Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.
C)Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.
D)Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.
5.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?
A)Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.
B)Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.
C)Students’racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.
D)Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.
PassageThree
(2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题)
Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidowsandwidowers(鳏夫)wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.
1.WilliamFarr’sstudyandotherstudiesshowthat_________.
[A]sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecureforillness
[B]beingsociablehelpsimproveone’squalityoflif
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