中考英语八种时态归纳复习.docx
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中考英语八种时态归纳复习.docx
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中考英语八种时态归纳复习
中考英语八种时态归纳复习
一、一般现在时:
概念:
经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:
always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays
基本结构:
①be动词;②实义动词
否定形式:
①am/is/are+not;②谓语动词若为实义动词,A.主语不是三单式,则don't+动词原形B.主语为三单式,则doesn't+动词原形。
一般疑问句:
①把be动词放于句首;②谓语动词若为实义动词,A.主语不是三单式,用助动词Do+主语+动词原形
B.主语为三单式,则Does+主语+动词原形
Helen________agoodstudent.(be)
Helen________fishingverymuch.(like)
Helen’sfriendsusually________toschoolbybike.(go)
二、一般过去时:
概念:
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:
…ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,atlast,intheend,finally,
atfirst
基本结构:
①was/were;②实义动词的过去式(dodid,comecame,stopstopped)
否定形式:
①was/were+not;②在实义动词前加didn't,同时还原实义动词,
即didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句:
①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原实义动词。
Helen________borninWuxi.(be)
Helen________toschoolbybikeyesterday.(go)
三、现在进行时:
概念:
表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:
now,atthistime,thesedays,look,listen
基本结构:
am/is/are+doing否定形式:
am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:
把be动词放于句首。
Listen,Helen________asongintheroom.(sing)
四、过去进行时:
概念:
表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:
atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,from6to8lastnight,
at5yesterdayevening或以when/while引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:
was/were+doing否定形式:
was/were+not+doing.
一般疑问句:
把was或were放于句首。
Helen________TVatsixlastnight.(watch)
I________TVwhenMumcamehomelastnight.(watch)
五、现在完成时:
概念:
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:
since…,for…,in/duringthepastfew/twoyears,ever,yet,already,recently,overtheyears(几年来,这么多年来),主(现完)+since+从(一过),just(注意和justnow的区别),sofar,tillnow
基本结构:
have/has+done否定形式:
have/has+not+done.
一般疑问句:
have或has+主语+done
Helen________inNanjingfortwentyyears.
Thereadersareallveryhappybecausethey________anewbook.(receive)
六、过去完成时:
概念:
以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:
bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),by+过去的时间,主(过完)+before+从(一过)
基本结构:
had+done.否定形式:
had+not+done.
一般疑问句:
had放于句首。
They________inNanjingbytheendoflastyear.(be)
Theplane___________offbefore/whenwegottotheairport.(take)
七、一般将来时:
概念:
表示目前将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:
tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by+将来的时间,thedayaftertomorrow
基本结构:
am/is/are/goingto+do或will/shall+do.
否定形式:
am/is/are/notgoingto+do或will/shallnot+do.一般疑问句:
am/is/are放于句首或will/shall提到句首。
Helen________toShanghainextweek.(fly)
八、过去将来时:
概念:
立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:
thenextday(morning,year…)
基本结构:
①was/were/goingto+do;②would/should+do.
否定形式:
①was/were/not+goingto+do;②would/should+not+do.
一般疑问句:
①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。
Helensaidshe________toShanghaithenextmonth.(fly)
被动语态和主动语态
1.各种时态的被动语态的谓语动词形式:
a.一般现在时:
am/is/are+done
b.一般过去时:
was/were+done
c..含情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词+be+过去分词canbedone;maybedone;
mustbedone
d.现在完成时的被动语态:
have/has+been+done
e.一般将来时的被动语态:
will/begoingto+be+done
f.复合宾语的被动语态:
(主动语态中不带to,被动语态中要加to)make/help/let/have/sb.dosth.ask/tellsbtodosthsee/hearsbdosthsee/hearsbdoingsth
2.注:
变被动语态时不要去掉组成谓语动词短语的任何一个词
3.Wemusttakegoodcareofhim.
=Hemustbetakengoodcareof.(of不能漏掉)
Youcancatchupwithussoon.
=Wecanbecaughtupwithsoon.(with不能漏掉)
4.下列情况不能用被动语态:
A.不及物动词:
Theaccidenthappenedonabusyroadyesterday.(happen,takeplace)
B.连系动词:
Thegirllookslikehersister.
(五官feel/taste/look/sound/smell,五变become/turngreen/grow/gobad/getwarmer/,be,keepfit/healthy,seem)
Don’tcrosstheroaduntilthelight________green.
Thisdress________nice.(look)
C. 英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。
(表示物体本身所具有的一种性质)sell/write/read/wash/ride/cutwell
Theclothwasheswell.
Thiskindofbagssellswell.
Theshoeswearlong.
Theknifecutswell.
Thepenwritessmoothly.
Thiscoatlastslong.
动词的固定搭配:
(1)后面接sbtodosth的动词:
asksbtodosth=tellsbtodosth叫某人做某事
helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事
wouldlikesbtodosth,
=wantsbtodosth想要某人做某事
usesthtodosth,使用某物去做某事
dowhathecouldtohelpme尽他所能来帮助我
wishsbtodosth希望某人做某事
advisesbtodosth建议某人做某事
remindsbtodosth提醒某人做某事
(2)后面接sbdosth的动词:
make/have/letsbdosth叫某人做某事
(3)后面接todosth的动词:
havetodosth不得不做某事need/requiretodosth需要做某事
wanttodosth/wouldliketodosth想要做某事
hope/wishtodosth(注意没有hopesbtodosth)希望做某事
behappy/glad/pleased/afraid/better/crazy/(等形容词)todosth
trytodosth努力做某事(下决心要把它做好了)
try/doone’tbesttodosth,尽最大努力做某事
decidetodosth决定做某事volunteertodosth志愿去做某事
bewillingtodosth愿意做某事prefertodosth比较喜欢做某事
taketurnstodosth轮流做某事takeaction(s)todosth采取行动做某事
can’twaittodosth迫不及待去做某事
(4)后面接doingsth的动词:
enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事lookforwardtodoingsth盼望着做某事
finishdoingsth结束做某事likedoingsth/todosth喜欢做某事
thanksbfordoingsth感谢某人做某事beafraidofdoingsth担心、害怕做某事
keepdoingsth不断的做某事minddoingsth介意做某事
practicedoingsth练习做某事payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事
havedifficulty/trouble/fun(in)doingsth做某事有困难/困难/麻烦/乐趣(高兴)
can’helpdoingsth=can’tstopdoingsth忍不住/情不自禁去做某事
devote…todoingsth致力于做某事
dislikedoingsth不喜欢做某事
carryondoingsth继续做某事
(5)其他:
spendsometime(in)doingsth花费一些时间做某事
stop/preventsb(from)doingsth阻止某人做某事
keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事
keepsbdoingsth使某人一直做某事
hadbetter(not)dosth最好(不要)做某事
It’sbettertodosth做某事比较好
havesomethingtosay/eat,havenothingtoworryabout
wouldyouplease(not)dosth请你(不要)做某事好吗?
wouldliketodosth想要做某事whynotdosth为什么不做某事呢?
waitforsbtodosth,等候某人做某事
特殊疑问词(如how,what,when,where等)+动词不定式todo作宾语
(Idon’twhattodo./Idon’tknowhowtodoit.
Idon’tknowwhentogotoHongkong)
havetogohometodohousework(不定式表示目的)
leavehometowork,Wecandoeverythingwecantohelpyou)
It’simportant/easy/hard/right/goodforsbtodosth.
Ittakessbsometimetodosth花费某人一些时间做某事
preferdoingAtodoingB宁愿做事情A也不愿做事情B,喜欢做事情A更胜于做事情B
wouldratherdothandoB宁愿做事情A也不愿做事情B
介词+动名词(insteadofdoingsth,aboutdoingsth,whatabout/howaboutdoingsth,bydoingsth)bebusydoingsth忙于做某事beinterestedindoingsth对做某事感兴趣
feellikedoing想要做某事getreadytodosth准备做某事
bereadytodosth准备/乐意做某事start/begintodosth/doingsth开始做某事
giveupdoingsth放弃做某事go/carryondoingsth继续做某事
几个搭配的区别:
remembertodosth是提醒别忘做某事,这个动作在说话的时候还没做
rememberdoingsth是已做过某事,说话的时候动作已完成。
Remembertoclosethedoor,please.记着关门。
(说话时门还没有关)
Irememberclosingthedoor.我记得我关了门了。
(说话时门已经关了)
forgettodosth
forgetdoingsthSorry,Iforgottobringthebook.(对不起,我忘了带书了。
)
Iforgotborrowingabookfromyou.(我忘记曾经向你借过书这件事)
Don’tforgettodosth.不要忘记去做某事
stoptodosth停下来去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事
Stop________,theteacheriscoming.(talk)
Imetanoldfriendonmywayhomeyesterday.
Istopped________withhim.(talk)
goontodosth继续做另外一件事/goondoingsth继续做同一件事
need/requiretodo需要做某事need/requiredoing需要被…(有被动的意思)
Ineedtowashmyclothes.Myclothesneedwashing.
e.g.Yourshoesaretoodirty.Theyneed________.(wash)
Youlooktired.Youneed________agoodrest.(have)
动词填空的解题思路
首先判断有无动词的固定搭配,比如:
asksb________,finish________
如果没有动词搭配,然后看是否有明显的时间状语标志,比如:
看到now一般用________。
如果上面两者都没有,可以从上下文去推断该用什么时态。
比如:
Don’tmakeanynoise.Thebaby______(sleep)
注意点:
看清单复数(尤其是一般现在时的三单式),主动还是被动语态,肯定还是否定
祈使句有两种形式,动词原形开头和don’t+动词原形开头
Comehere./Don’tgothere.
两种从句的不同,根据需要选用不同的时态。
I’llcallyouifI________theretomorrow.(get)
Theywon’tbeginthemeetinguntilhe________.(come)
Don’twritetohimuntilhe________there.(arrive)
Idon’tknowifhe________toNanjingnextmonth.(fly)
I’mnotsurewhenhe________toNanjing.(fly)
在宾语从句中:
A.若主句用一般现在时,则从句可根据实际情况用各种时态。
如:
Theradiosaysthesnowlaterintheday.(stop)
Iknowwhothefewestyesterday.(pick)
B.若主句用一般过去时,则宾语从句要依情况用过去的某种时态:
一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时。
如:
HesaidthattheytotheGreatWall.(be)
MarytoldmethatsheforParisthenextday.(leave)
C.无论主句是什么时态,宾语从句中客观真理都用一般现在时。
Theteachersaidtheeartharoundthesun.(move)
(5)在完成时中,要注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换。
如:
Theyborrowedthebooktwoweeksago.
Theyhavekeptthebooksfor2weeks.
Buyhave,joinbein/beamemberof…,leave---beaway,arrive---behere,begin---beon,
comeback---beback,die---bedead,fallasleep---beasleep,getup---beup,finish---beover
Ourclassroom__________(clean)everyday.
Howoften__________yourclothes______________(wash)?
Everytwodays.
Heismade_________(stay)athomeonSunday.
Thetwins___________(ask)tocomeagainyesterday.
Thebike________(return)bymyuncletomorrow.Sofar,alotoftrees__________(plant).
Abookmust_________(read)morethanonce.
Thelittleboyshould________(take)goodcareof.
Atalkonhistory_______(give)inourschoolnextweek.
Thepicture_________(take)downbythetwinsjustnow.
Coke__________(sell)allovertheworld.
Thefish___________(eat)upbyhimanhourago.
Thesweater________(buy)yesterday.
Trousers__________(make)inthisfactory.
Thetreesinfrontofthehouse________(water)bymyfathereveryday.
AnEnglishsong___________(learn)tomorrow.
________thebike________(ride)byyou?
Sometimes.
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