超详细初中英语语法定语从句及练习.ppt
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超详细初中英语语法定语从句及练习.ppt
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一个美丽的女孩abeautifulgirl,beautiful,(形容词作前置定语),一个穿白色衣服的女孩,agirlinwhite,inwhite,(介词短语作后置定语),一个正唱歌的女孩,agirlissinging,who,issinging,(定语从句),定语是句子成分之一,可以由单词、短语或从句担当,对名(代)词修饰和限制。
名(代)词称为中心词。
形容词作定语一般前置,短语和从句作定语要后置,翻译成“的”。
另外名词、数词、非谓语动词(短语)、介词短语也可以担当定语。
什么是定语?
LiMingisaboy.,LiMinghasapairof_glasses.,形容词作定语,在复合句中,对一个名词或代词进行修饰或限定的从句叫做定语从句。
good,Limingisaboywho/thatisgood.,从句做定语,red,LiMinghasapairofglasseswhich/thatisred.,从句做定语,定语从句,TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句(没有逗号隔开),TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句(有逗号隔开),Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.,Thenovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytoughing.,先行词,引导词(关系词),从句,Limingisaboywho/thatisgood.,(被修饰的名词或代词),(跟在先行词后,引导从句的词),修饰先行词的句子,一、定语从句结构分析:
先行词+引导词+从句,ThisisthecardthatIvejustreceived.,先行词(被修饰的名词或代词),引导词(引导从句的词),从句,关系代词,关系副词,who,that,which,whom,whose,Where,when,why,二、引导定语从句的关系词,指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因,who,whom,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhichwherewhenwhy,关系代词,关系副词,关系代词做句子成分关系副词不做句子成分,什么是句子成分?
五大基本句型,1.主语+谓语vi,2.主语+谓语vt+宾语,3.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾语,4.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾补,5.主语+系动词+表语,成分:
主语or宾语,缺成分找代词不缺找副词,1.HarryPorterisaboy_hasmagicpower.2.Doyouknowtheman_wesawattheBeijingHotel?
3.Iknowthegirl_motherisateacher.4.Hospitalisaplace_adoctorworks,Who/that,where,whose,whom,实战演练,1.Thisisbeijing_isbeautiful.2.Thisisbeijing_Ivivsted.3.Thisisbeijing_Ilived.4.Thereisahouse_roofisbroken.,which/that,which/that/不,where/inwhich,whose,主代词宾代词不缺副词的所属,1.Heistheteacher_canspeakFrench.2.Imnotinterestedinthebook_hasjustbeenpublished.3.Theteacherpraisedthestudent_Englishisthebestinourclass.4.Istillremembertheday_Ifirstcametotheschool.5.Iwanttoknowtheplace_Iwasborn.6.Iknowthereason_hewaslate.,Who/tnat,which/that,when,where,why,whose,1.Doyouknowthereason_shewaslate.,2.Thisisthetown_Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_Ivisitedlastweek.3.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.4.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hetoldme.Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.,where,which,when,which,why,which,which,why,whose在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。
whose多指人,也可指物,指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。
Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.,Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue,Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue,Doyouknowthegirl?
Herhairisveryshortinourclass,Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisthehairofwhomveryshortinourclass?
Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday,HeisthestudentwhosepencilthepencilofwhomIbrokeyesterday.,MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.,MrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.,WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.,WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavetoldyou.,.,Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.,Thechair,whoselegsarebrokenthelegsofwhicharebroken,ofwhichthelegsarebrokenisbeingrepairednow.,Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout.HisnamewasMrLittle.,Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKing,Thisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.,Thisteacher,withwhosesonIwork,islikedbyallthestudents,Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.,ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.,1Theriver_arecoveredwithtreesisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosethebanksDthebanksofwhich2shelikestousewords_iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmeaningDmeaningofwhich3Themanager_companytheyworkedagreed_theirdecision.Awhich,withBinwhich,toCwhose,withDinwhose,with4Look!
Thedictionary,_isred,isabirthdaygiftgivenbymyparents.AwhichcoverBthecoverofwhichCthewhosecoverDthatthecover5MrBrown,_,worksasthemanagerofthecompany.AwegothereinhiscarBwegotherebycarCinwhosecarwegothereDbywhosecarwegothere,D,A,D,B,C,6Willyoupleaseshowmethegirl_nameisLinda?
AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich7Itwasameeting,_importanceIdidnotrealizeatthetime.AwhichBofwhichCitsDwhose8Doyouknowwhoislivinginthathouse_windowsfacesouth?
AwhoseBwhichCwhichofDits9whataboutthewatchpriceis100yuan?
AthatBitsCwhichDwhose10Wetelephonedthemanhomewelivedin1996.AwhoseBinwhoseCofwhichDhis11MarkTwins,for_lifehadoncebeenveryhard,wrotemanyfamousnovels.AwhoseBwhoCwhomDhis12Thereisamountain_isalwayscoveredwithsnow.AwhosethetopBofwhichtopCitstopDofwhichthetop,C,D,A,D,B,C,D,As也可以用来引导定语从句.,当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinksofhimself.2.IshouldliketousethesamepenasIusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.,when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.,why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意:
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,when在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。
IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague,onwhich,where在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich,why在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词for+关系代词(which)”。
Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.,Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.,1.Thisisthetown_Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hetoldme.Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.,where,which,when,which,why,which,which,“介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意:
1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1)Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:
00p.m.yesterday,_mostpeoplehadhadsupper.,onwhich,duringwhich,inwhich,bywhich,B.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ipaid29USdollars?
2)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ispent29USdollars?
3)Haveyoufoundthebook_welearntalot?
4)Haveyoufoundthebook_sheoftentalks?
forwhich,onwhich,fromwhich,aboutwhich,Theboy(whom)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.,Theboyisinthelab.Youwanttotalktohim,Theboy(whom/that)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.,Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.,Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.,Thisistheboy(whom/that)Isitbehind.,ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.,Doyoufindthepen?
Iwrotewithitjustnow,Doyoufindthepen(which/that)Iwrotewithjustnow?
DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?
关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构:
1.介词+whomwhich,Thewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy,2.介词短语+whichwhom,Thefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.,3.不定代词或数词+whichwhom,Therearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.,4.名词+ofwhich,Shmentionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.,Shementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.,partofwhom/which,Thereare23studentsinourclass,A:
_(他们都)lovemothersdeeply.B:
_(大多数)arefromcountryside.C:
_(有些)arefromXiabanchengD:
_(没有一个)arefromBeijing,allofwhom,mostofwhom,someofwhom,noneofwhom,Thereare23studentsinourclass.(,and)A:
_(他们都)lovemothersdeeply.B:
_(大多数)arefromcountryside.C:
_(有些)arefromXiabanchengD:
_(没有一个)arefromBeijing,allofthem,mostofthem,someofthem,noneofthem,Everystudenthasmanybooks,A:
_(大多数)aretextbooks.B:
_(一些)areextracurricularbooks.C:
_(其余的)arereferencebooks.D:
_(没有一本)arenovels.E:
_(有几本)areEnglishbooks.,mostofwhich,someofwhich,therestofwhich,noneofwhich,severalofwhich,1.Doyouknowwholivesinthe:
building_thereisawell?
A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that,C,A,B,B,C,做做试试,6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom7.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?
A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich,D,C,D,B,A,11.Chinahasmanyrivers,_theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich13.Thespeed_whichyoudriveyourcarmustnttoohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_whichisbrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_whichtherearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_whichhewasno
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