最新上海牛津英语4b语法.docx
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最新上海牛津英语4b语法.docx
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最新上海牛津英语4b语法
上海牛津英语4b语法
一、划线提问
(一)划线提问四大步骤
1.确定疑问词
2.找六大元素(is,am,are,have,has,can),没有找do,does帮忙;
如果主语是三单,用does
3.抄剩余的,遇到some变any,你我要交换
4.句号变问号
(二)划线提问的基本句型
1.划名词,用What来提问
例:
Thedoglikesbones.(划线提问)
Whatdoesthedoglike?
2.划颜色,用Whatcolour来提问
例:
Thetreeisgreen.(划线提问)
Whatcolouristhetree?
3.划具体食物,用Whatfood来提问
例:
Gingerlikescatfood.(划线提问)
WhatfooddoesGingerlike?
4.划具体动物,用Whatanimals来提问
例:
Peterlikesdogs.(划线提问)
WhatanimalsdoesPeterlike?
5.划动作先补do,再按划线提问四大步骤
do
例:
Mymothercooksdinnerinthekitchen.(划线提问)
Whatdoesyourmotherdointhekitchen?
6.划现在分词先补doing,再按划线提问四大步骤
例1:
doing
Mymotheriscookingdinnerinthekitchen.(划线提问)
Whatisyourmotherdoinginthekitchen?
例2:
doing
Peterlikeseatingfish.(划线提问)
WhatdoesPeterlikedoing?
7.划地点,用Where来提问
例:
Peteriscookinginthekitchen.(划线提问)
WhereisPetercooking?
8.划谁,用Who来提问
例:
Peteriscookinginthekitchen.(划线提问)
Whoiscookinginthekitchen?
9.划谁的,用Whose+名词来提问
例:
ThatbigfootballisPeter’s.
Whosebigfootballisthat?
10.划感觉,用How来提问
例:
Sheishungry.(划线提问)
Howdoesshefeel?
=Howisshe?
11.划数量,可数用Howmany+名词复数,
不可数用Howmuch+不可数来提问
例1:
Thereisoneappleonthetable.(划线提问)
Howmanyapplesarethereonthetable?
例2:
Thereissomefoodonthetable.(划线提问)
Howmuchfoodisthereonthetable?
12.划钱,用Howmuch来提问
例:
Theseapplesarefouryuan.(划线提问)
Howmucharetheseapples?
13.划年龄,用Howold来提问
例:
Peterisoneyearold.(划线提问)
HowoldisPeter?
14.划时间,用When/Whattime来提问
例:
Itisseveno’clock.(划线提问)
Whattimeisit?
二.改成一般疑问句
(一)一般疑问句基本步骤(比划线提问少确定疑问词这一步)
1.找六大元素(is,am,are,have,has,can),没有找do/does,如果主语是三单,用does
2.抄剩余的,遇到some变any,你我要交换
3.句号变问号
例1:
Peterhasgotanewcar.(改成一般疑问句)
HasPetergotanewcar?
例2:
Peteriswashinghairinthebathroom.(改成一般疑问句)
IsPeterwashinghairinthebathroom?
例3:
Petercancookdinner.(改成一般疑问句)
CanPetercookdinner?
例4:
Peterlikeseatingoranges.(改成一般疑问句)
DoesPeterlikeeatingoranges?
三.改否定句
1.在六大元素后面加not或n’t,没有六大元素在动词前面加don’t或doesn’t,动词变原形
2.遇到some变any,and变or
例1:
Thereissomefoodonthetable.(改成否定句)
Thereisn’tanyfoodonthetable.
例2:
Peterlikeseatingoranges.(改成否定句)
Peterdoesn’tlikeeatingoranges.
例3:
Pleasetastesomecherries.(改成否定句)
Pleasedon’ttasteanycherries.
四.第三人称单数(三单)
(一)三单
除了I和you之外的所有单数都是第三人称单数,其后面的动词用三单形式,加s或es
(二)三单形式
1.一般情况下,动词+s,如:
plays,swims,cooks,
2.以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es,如:
guesses,washes,watches,goes,does
3.以辅音+y结尾,去y加ies,如fly—flies,study—studies
4.不规则:
have—has
例1:
Peterplays(play)badmintoninthebadmintonclub.
例2:
Peter’smotherwashes(wash)herhairinthebathroom.
Peter’sfatherwatches(watch)TVinthelivingroom.
例3:
Thebutterflyflies(fly)inthepark.
例4:
Peterhas(have)acat.
五.动词ing
(一)动词ing的形式
1.一般情况下动词后面直接加ing
2.以不发音e结尾,去e加ing
如:
dance—dancing,have—having,make—making,write—writing
3.最后只有一个辅音,中间只有一个元音,且元音不发自己的音,双写加ing。
如:
running,swimming,hopping,skipping,stopping,chatting,sitting,getting,putting,cutting,
(二)动词ing的位置
1.like后面加动词ing,likedoing
be动词后加动词ing,bedoing
go后面加动词ing,goswimming
2.放在句首当主语,作为动名词
如:
Swimmingisfun.
3.放在名词前,作为动名词,表示性质或用途,
如:
aswimmingclass,aswimmingpool,swimminggoggles
六.时态
现在进行时:
be+动词ing,表示正在进行的动作(有now)
一般现在时:
动词(有usually,often,sometimes,never)
例:
Peteriscookingdinnernow.(现在进行时)
Petercooksdinner.(一般现在时)
七.动词的适当形式
时态,三单,动词ing,原形,todo
1.时态现在进行时:
be+动词ing
一般现在时:
动词
2.三单(主语是除I和you之外的所有单数)
3.动词ing(like,be,go后加动词ing)
4.原形(祈使句,let’s,please,can,do/does后用原形)
5.todo(wanttodo,wouldliketodo)
八.Therebe句型
(一)therebe句型的单复数,由第一个名词决定。
[就近原则]
例:
Thereisalotoffoodonthetable.
Therearesomebiscuitsandfoodonthetable.
Thereissomefoodandbiscuitsonthetable.
(二)therebe句型的划线提问
1.划名词,用“What’s+介词词组”来提问
例:
Therearemanypeopleonthebeach.(划线提问)
What’sonthebeach?
2.划数量,用Howmany或Howmuch来提问
如果数量后面是可数名词,用“Howmany+名复+are+剩余的”来提问
如果数量后是不可数名词,用“Howmuch+不可数+is+剩余的”来提问
例1:
Thereissomemilkonthetable.(划线提问)
Howmuchmilkisthereonthetable?
例2:
Therearesomeapplesonthetable.(划线提问)
Howmanyapplesarethereonthetable?
九.名词的适当形式
(一)名词的单复数
1.一般情况+s
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾加es,如:
watches,buses,
3.以辅音+y结尾,去y加ies,如:
family—families,baby—babies,
以元音+y结尾,直接加s,如:
monkey—monkeys,toy—toys,boy—boys,
4.以fe,fe结尾,去f,fe加ves如:
knife——knives,leaf—leaves
5.以o结尾,有生命加es,无生命加s
如:
photo—photos,tomato—tomatoes
6.单复数同形sheep,deer
7.复数名词people,shorts,glasses,googles,
8.不规则child—children,man—men,policeman—policemen,mouse—mice,foot—feet,tooth—teeth
(二)主格、宾格、所有格、反身代词
主格
宾格
所有格
反身代词
I
me
my
myself
you
you
your
yourself
he
him
his
himself
she
her
her
herself
it
it
its
itself
we
us
our
ourself
you
you
your
yourselves
they
them
their
themsleves
1.句子主语用主格(I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they)
2.动词后面用宾格(动宾结构),介词后面用宾格(介宾结构)
in,on,under,infrontof,behind,between,beside,with,for,of,
3.名词前面的名词用所有格人’s
my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their,
十.感叹句
1.What+名词!
例:
Whatabeautilbeach!
Whatniceflowers!
2.How+形容词!
例:
Howhappy!
十一.like的用法
likedoing(长期的爱好)
liketodo(偶尔一次的爱好)
like是动词,还可以作介词,表示“像”
Youarelikeme.(你像我)
Youlikeme.(你喜欢我)
十二.do的用法
do动词,“做”
助动词,放在动词前面,没实际意义
例:
Whatdoyoudo?
助动词动词
十三.频度副词
always一直
usually通常
often经常
sometimes有时
never从不
放在is,am,are,do,does后面,动词前面
如:
Iusuallyplaybadminton.
Iamalwayshere.
十四.Howmuch和Howmany
Howmuch多少+不可数名词
金钱
Howmany多少+可数名词复数
十五.alotof和alot
alotof修饰名词+可数复数,如:
alotoforanges
+不可数,如:
alotofjuice
alot修饰动词,如:
tellmealot
十六.some和any
some+可数复数,如:
someoranges
+不可数,如:
somemilk
疑问句和否定句中,some变any
固定搭配:
aglassof一杯
apairof一副,一双
abowlof一碗
howabout=whatabout怎么样
not…atall一点也不
notanymore不再
gotoschool去上学
sitaround围坐在一起
sitby坐在…旁边
sitatthedesk/table坐在桌旁边
put…in..把…放入…
onthebeach在沙滩上
onthewall在墙上
onthefloor在地板上
onthelawn在草坪上
onthepath在小径上
ofcourse当然
takeoff脱下
puton穿上
take…to…把…带到…
wanttodo=wouldliketodo想要干什么
wouldlovetodo=…’dloveto乐意干什么
overthere在那里
growlong/short/变长/短
inthemorning在早上
intheevening在傍晚(六点到十点)
atnight在晚上(十点到午夜)
atnoon在中午
atseveno’clock在七点钟
gowith…和谁一起去
gooff消失
turnoff关(电器)
turnon开(电器)
infrontof在…前面
behind在…后面
walkdown走下来
lookback回头看
lookat看
belike像(like作介词)
playwith和…一起玩
play+球类
playbadminton,playbasketball,playtabletennis,playvolleyball,playfootball,playbeachball,
fallinto掉进
falldown掉下来
cryinfear害怕地哭
burstintotears嚎啕大哭
havetea喝茶
jointheclub参加俱乐部
likedoing喜欢做某事(长期或习惯)
liketodo喜欢做某事(偶尔)
talkwith谈话
chatwith聊天
getin进
getinto进入
enjoyoneself玩得开心
(myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves)
foraswimmingclass准备一节游泳课
intheswimmingclass在游泳课上
makeyouhealthyandstrong使你健康强壮
inmysparetime空闲的时候
put…inaline排成一条直线
climbonto爬上
jumpoff跳下来
runaway逃跑
gobackto回到
goswimming去游泳
wanttobe想要成为…
howtoadd怎么加
dohomework做作业
makeamodelplane做模型飞机
cookdinner做晚饭
washhair洗头
comeandhelp来帮忙
havealook看一看
watchTV看电视
tellsb.sth.告诉某人某事
tellsb.sth.aboutsth.告诉某人有关某事的某事
haveaholiday度假
makenonoise不发出任何噪音=don’tmakeanynoise
inthesand在沙子里
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