Biodiversity汇总.docx
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Biodiversity汇总.docx
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Biodiversity汇总
Biodiversity
Concept:
Biodiversityreferstoacertainrangeoflivingorganisms(animals,plants,microorganisms)witharegularpatternofthecompositionofastableecologicalcomplex.Thediversityofspeciesdiversity,thediversityofthespecies,thediversityofthespecies,thediversityofthespeciesandthediversityoftheecosystem.Amongthem,thespeciesdiversityisthekeytobiologicaldiversity,itnotonlyreflectsthecomplexrelationshipbetweenthelivingandtheenvironment,butalsoreflectstherichnessofthebiologicalresources.Wealreadyknowthatthereareabout2000000species,andthesespecieshaveavarietyofbiologicalspecies.Biologicaldiversityisthesumofbiologicalandecologicalcomplexandvariousecologicalprocessesrelatedtoenvironment,whichiscomposedofgenetic(gene)diversity,speciesdiversityandecosystemdiversity.Genetic(genetic)diversityisthegeneticfactoranditscombinationofthegeneticfactorsthatdeterminethetraitsoftheorganism.Speciesdiversityisthemanifestationofbiodiversityinthespecies,whichcanbedividedintoregionalspeciesdiversityandcommunityspecies(ecological)diversity.Ecosystemdiversityisthediversityofthebiosphere,thebiologicalcommunityandtheecologicalprocesses.Geneticdiversityandspeciesdiversityisthebasisofbiodiversityresearch,andecosystemdiversityisthefocusofbiodiversityresearch.
Biologicaldiversitycanhelpcleantheairwebreatheanddrinkwater.Biodiversityprovidesuswithfood.Biologicaldiversityprovidestherawmaterialsfortheconstructionofourhouse.Biologicaldiversityalsobringsustheendlessbeautyofthenaturalworld.Isitanexaggeration?
Notatapoint.Itisthebiologicaldiversitythatmakesthelifeoftheplanetsustainable.Byabsorbingcarbondioxide,thegreenhousegas,wecanbreathetheair.Wehavebeenabletodrinkthewaterfromthesoil,thesoil,andtheweather.Allofthespecies,plants,animals,microbes,madeupoflife.
Protectivemeasures
1insituprotection:
Inordertoprotectthebiologicaldiversity,thelandorwaterbodywhichcontainsacertainamountofprotectionobjectisdividedintotheprotectionandmanagement.Forexample,theestablishmentofnaturalreservestoprotecttheimplementationoflocalprotection.Naturereserveisarepresentativenaturalsystem,rareandendangeredwildanimalsandplantsspeciesofnaturaldistributionarea,includingnaturalmonuments,land,water,seaandotherdifferenttypesofecosystems.NatureReservealsohastheimportantfunctionofscientificresearch,popularsciencepropaganda,ecologicaltourism.
2exsituconservation:
Exsituconservationisadifferentformofconservationfacilitiesinthebiologicaldiversity,byestablishingazoo,botanicalgarden,treegarden,wildzoo,seedbank,genepool,aquarium,andotherdifferentformsofprotectionofthespecies,withornamentalvalueofthespeciesortheirgeneimplementationbyartificialassistance.Thepurposeofexsituconservationistofindatemporarylivingspaceforthespeciestobeextinct,toberecovered,tohaveanaturalabilitytolive,ortolettheprotectorbebacktotheecosystem.
3setupthegenepool:
Peoplehavealreadybeguntobuildthegenepool,toachievethepreservationofthewishesofthespecies.Forexample,inordertoprotectthecropsofthespeciesandtheirextinctionofwildspecies,theestablishmentofaglobalnetworkofgenepool.Mostofthegeneswithstorageofmaincropsincereals,potatoesandbeansandotherseeds.
4toconstructthelegalsystem:
Peoplealsomustuselegalmeanstoimprovetherelevantlegalsystem,toprotectthebiologicaldiversity.Forexample,tostrengthentheintroductionofforeignspeciesassessmentandapproval,toachieveunifiedsupervisionandmanagement.Theestablishmentofthefundsystem,toensurethatthenationalspecialfundsforpersonal,socialandinternationalorganizations,donationsandassistance,toprovideastrongeconomicsupportforthepracticeofwork.
OnthepresentsituationandprotectionofChina'sbiodiversity
Chinaisoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Thereare30000speciesofhigherplants,10%oftheworld,andthirdintheworld.17300kindsofhigherplantswhichbelongtoourcountry.Animal,wearethe6347speciesofvertebrates,accountingfor14%oftheworld.Amongthem,1244speciesofbirds,3862speciesoffish,667speciesofvertebratesinChina,areamongthetopintheworld.ThediversityofecosysteminChinaisalsoveryrich.Ourcountryhasaterrestrialecosystemtypes,includingforest,shrub,grasslandandsavanna,meadow,desert,alpinetundra.Becauseofthedifferentclimate,soilandotherconditions,itisfurtherdividedintoabout600kindsofsubtypes.However,inthethirtyyearsofreformandopeningup,ChinahasbeencreatingthemythofGDP,theecologicalenvironmenthassufferedgreatdestruction,thelossofhabitat,andthedestructionofhumanlandreclamationandexpansion,desertification,environmentalpollution,climatechange,overuseandconsumption,biologicalinvasion,large-scaleagriculturalproduction...Today,undertheguidanceofsustainabledevelopmentstrategy,weshouldpursuetheharmonybetweenmanandnature,protectthebiologicaldiversity,andtaketheroadofsustainabledevelopment.
First,thestatusquoofbiologicaldiversity
(a)thebiodiversitycrisis,though,bringstheendlesshappinesstomankind.Butthemodern,especiallytheindustrialrevolutionandtherevolutionofscienceandtechnology,theactivitiesofhumanbeingsareincreasinglyaffectingthenaturalenvironmentoftheearth.Biologicaldiversityissufferingfromunprecedenteddestruction,theworldeveryhouronaspeciesdisappear.Thisisamajorlossoftheearth'sresources,becauseoncethespeciesdisappeared,itwouldneverberegenerated.Thelostspecieswillnotonlycausethehumantoloseonekindofnaturalresources,butalsothroughthefoodchaintocauseotherspeciestodisappear.Wearefacedwiththegreatestbiodiversitycrisisfollowingtheextinctionofthedinosaurs6500000yearsago.
(two)biologicaldiversityisestimatedthatthelossofspeciesis1000timesfasterthanthatofhumanbeingsbeforeintervention.AccordingtotheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeestimatesthatinthenext20-30years,25%ofthetotalbiodiversityoftheearthwillbeindangerofextinction.In1990-2020years,thelossofthespecies,duetodeforestation,mayaccountfor5-25%oftheworld'stotalspecies,orlossof15000-50000species,orlossof40-140speciesperday.Ifwedon'tsaveit,wewillseetheanimalslikepandasandtigersinthefuture.
(three)alargenumberofspeciesarethreatenedwithextinction
1mammal
Theextinctionrateofanimalsisincreasing.Overthepast400years,theworldhastotallydestroyed58speciesofmammals,butintwentiethCenturytheearthhasbecomeextinct23kindsofmammals.MammalsinseventeenthCentury,every5yearsanextinction,bytwentiethCenturytheaverageevery2yearsthereisakindofanimalextinction.Cavelion,oncethebiggestlionintheearth,in2000beforetheextinction,isknownastheEuropeancavelionorlion.Throughfossilsandrichprehistoricart,itisknownthatthecavelionisanextinctsubspeciesoflion.Thissubspeciesisoneofthelargestofthelions.
2birds
Intheworld's9000speciesofbirds,only290speciesofbirdshavebeenthreatenedbyextinctionin1978,andnowthenumberhasrisentomorethan1000,about11%ofthetotal.Thegreataukisallaukbirdsinthelargest,in1844extinction,itisrazorbillsonlyflyspecies,hugeinsize.FromtheAtlantic,surviveduntilthecontemporary,unfortunately,nowhasnotseenthegreataukfigure.
3amphibiansandreptiles
Inrecentyears,withtheincreaseoftheunderstandingofamphibiansandreptiles,ithasbeenfoundthatamphibiansandreptilesarethemostendangeredspeciesinthebiologicalgroup.Threatenedamphibiansaccountedfor32%ofthestudiedamphibians,and61%ofthethreatenedreptileshadbeenstudied.TheYangtzeRiverBasinChinesehabitatofthealligatoristhe23mostendangeredspeciesofcrocodilesintheworld.
4marineandfreshwaterorganisms
Althoughtheavailableinformationontheextinctionofmarineandfreshwaterspeciesisverylimited,thepreliminaryevidencefromNorthAmericasuggeststhatmanyofthespeciesareextinct,andtheabilitytotoleratethethreatofmarinelifeislessthanthatoftheoriginal.Thebluewhaleisthebiggestanimaloncelivedontheearth,theocean'soverlord.Butbecauseofhumanhunting,atpresent,theworldonlylivelessthan50headofthebluewhale
5plants
About270000speciesofhigherplants,12.5%ofwhichareconsideredtobeextinct.Theseplantsbelongto369families,distributedin200countriesorregionsintheworld.InChina,alargenumberofplantspecieswithmedicinalvalueareknowntodisappear,suchasthespeciesof75%speciesofthegenusspeciesareimportantanticancerdrugs,buttheyarethreatenedbyextinction.Aspirinwasextractedfromtheplantsofthefamily,butthespeciesofthefamilywasthreatenedby12%.5.IUCN2009redlistpublishedin2009intheredlist,in2008theworldhas2496speciesofanimals,8457kindsofplantsunderthethreatofextinction.
Manyoftheendemicspecies,suchaschimpanzees,whales,panda,panda,theSiberiantiger,theSouthChinatiger,Asiaelephants,deer,rhinoceros,theTibetanantelope,theRedCrownedCrane,thealligator,Chinesesturgeon,metasequoia,ginkgo,yew,broad-leavedcycads,Pinussylvestriformisandsoonarefacingthethreatofextinction.
Two,thecause
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