1、Biodiversity汇总BiodiversityConcept:Biodiversity refers to a certain range of living organisms (animals, plants, microorganisms) with a regular pattern of the composition of a stable ecological complex. The diversity of species diversity, the diversity of the species, the diversity of the species, the
2、 diversity of the species and the diversity of the ecosystem. Among them, the species diversity is the key to biological diversity, it not only reflects the complex relationship between the living and the environment, but also reflects the richness of the biological resources. We already know that t
3、here are about 2000000 species, and these species have a variety of biological species. Biological diversity is the sum of biological and ecological complex and various ecological processes related to environment, which is composed of genetic (gene) diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversi
4、ty. Genetic (genetic) diversity is the genetic factor and its combination of the genetic factors that determine the traits of the organism. Species diversity is the manifestation of biodiversity in the species, which can be divided into regional species diversity and community species (ecological) d
5、iversity. Ecosystem diversity is the diversity of the biosphere, the biological community and the ecological processes. Genetic diversity and species diversity is the basis of biodiversity research, and ecosystem diversity is the focus of biodiversity research.Biological diversity can help clean the
6、 air we breathe and drink water. Biodiversity provides us with food. Biological diversity provides the raw materials for the construction of our house. Biological diversity also brings us the endless beauty of the natural world. Is it an exaggeration? Not at a point. It is the biological diversity t
7、hat makes the life of the planet sustainable. By absorbing carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas, we can breathe the air. We have been able to drink the water from the soil, the soil, and the weather. All of the species, plants, animals, microbes, made up of life.Protective measures1 in situ protection
8、:In order to protect the biological diversity, the land or water body which contains a certain amount of protection object is divided into the protection and management. For example, the establishment of natural reserves to protect the implementation of local protection. Nature reserve is a represen
9、tative natural system, rare and endangered wild animals and plants species of natural distribution area, including natural monuments, land, water, sea and other different types of ecosystems. Nature Reserve also has the important function of scientific research, popular science propaganda, ecologica
10、l tourism.2 ex situ conservation:Ex situ conservation is a different form of conservation facilities in the biological diversity, by establishing a zoo, botanical garden, tree garden, wild zoo, seed bank, gene pool, aquarium, and other different forms of protection of the species, with ornamental va
11、lue of the species or their gene implementation by artificial assistance. The purpose of ex situ conservation is to find a temporary living space for the species to be extinct, to be recovered, to have a natural ability to live, or to let the protector be back to the ecosystem.3 set up the gene pool
12、:People have already begun to build the gene pool, to achieve the preservation of the wishes of the species. For example, in order to protect the crops of the species and their extinction of wild species, the establishment of a global network of gene pool. Most of the genes with storage of main crop
13、s in cereals, potatoes and beans and other seeds.4 to construct the legal system:People also must use legal means to improve the relevant legal system, to protect the biological diversity. For example, to strengthen the introduction of foreign species assessment and approval, to achieve unified supe
14、rvision and management. The establishment of the fund system, to ensure that the national special funds for personal, social and international organizations, donations and assistance, to provide a strong economic support for the practice of work.On the present situation and protection of Chinas biod
15、iversityChina is one of the richest countries in the world. There are 30000 species of higher plants, 10% of the world, and third in the world. 17300 kinds of higher plants which belong to our country. Animal, we are the 6347 species of vertebrates, accounting for 14% of the world. Among them, 1244
16、species of birds, 3862 species of fish, 667 species of vertebrates in China, are among the top in the world. The diversity of ecosystem in China is also very rich. Our country has a terrestrial ecosystem types, including forest, shrub, grassland and savanna, meadow, desert, alpine tundra. Because of
17、 the different climate, soil and other conditions, it is further divided into about 600 kinds of sub types. However, in the thirty years of reform and opening up, China has been creating the myth of GDP, the ecological environment has suffered great destruction, the loss of habitat, and the destruct
18、ion of human land reclamation and expansion, desertification, environmental pollution, climate change, over use and consumption, biological invasion, large-scale agricultural production. Today, under the guidance of sustainable development strategy, we should pursue the harmony between man and natur
19、e, protect the biological diversity, and take the road of sustainable development.First, the status quo of biological diversity(a) the biodiversity crisis, though, brings the endless happiness to mankind. But the modern, especially the industrial revolution and the revolution of science and technolo
20、gy, the activities of human beings are increasingly affecting the natural environment of the earth. Biological diversity is suffering from unprecedented destruction, the world every hour on a species disappear. This is a major loss of the earths resources, because once the species disappeared, it wo
21、uld never be regenerated. The lost species will not only cause the human to lose one kind of natural resources, but also through the food chain to cause other species to disappear. We are faced with the greatest biodiversity crisis following the extinction of the dinosaurs 6500000 years ago.(two) bi
22、ological diversity is estimated that the loss of species is 1000 times faster than that of human beings before intervention. According to the United Nations Environment Programme estimates that in the next 20-30 years, 25% of the total biodiversity of the earth will be in danger of extinction. In 19
23、90-2020 years, the loss of the species, due to deforestation, may account for 5-25% of the worlds total species, or loss of 15000-50000 species, or loss of 40-140 species per day. If we dont save it, we will see the animals like pandas and tigers in the future.(three) a large number of species are t
24、hreatened with extinction1 mammalThe extinction rate of animals is increasing. Over the past 400 years, the world has totally destroyed 58 species of mammals, but in twentieth Century the earth has become extinct 23 kinds of mammals. Mammals in seventeenth Century, every 5 years an extinction, by tw
25、entieth Century the average every 2 years there is a kind of animal extinction. Cave lion, once the biggest lion in the earth, in 2000 before the extinction, is known as the European cave lion or lion. Through fossils and rich prehistoric art, it is known that the cave lion is an extinct subspecies
26、of lion. This subspecies is one of the largest of the lions.2 birdsIn the worlds 9000 species of birds, only 290 species of birds have been threatened by extinction in 1978, and now the number has risen to more than 1000, about 11% of the total. The great auk is all auk birds in the largest, in 1844
27、 extinction, it is razorbills only fly species, huge in size. From the Atlantic, survived until the contemporary, unfortunately, now has not seen the great auk figure.3 amphibians and reptilesIn recent years, with the increase of the understanding of amphibians and reptiles, it has been found that a
28、mphibians and reptiles are the most endangered species in the biological group. Threatened amphibians accounted for 32% of the studied amphibians, and 61% of the threatened reptiles had been studied. The Yangtze River Basin Chinese habitat of the alligator is the 23 most endangered species of crocod
29、iles in the world.4 marine and freshwater organismsAlthough the available information on the extinction of marine and freshwater species is very limited, the preliminary evidence from North America suggests that many of the species are extinct, and the ability to tolerate the threat of marine life i
30、s less than that of the original. The blue whale is the biggest animal once lived on the earth, the oceans overlord. But because of human hunting, at present, the world only live less than 50 head of the blue whale5 plantsAbout 270000 species of higher plants, 12.5% of which are considered to be ext
31、inct. These plants belong to 369 families, distributed in 200 countries or regions in the world. In China, a large number of plant species with medicinal value are known to disappear, such as the species of 75% species of the genus species are important anticancer drugs, but they are threatened by e
32、xtinction. Aspirin was extracted from the plants of the family, but the species of the family was threatened by 12%. 5.IUCN 2009 red list published in 2009 in the red list, in 2008 the world has 2496 species of animals, 8457 kinds of plants under the threat of extinction.Many of the endemic species,
33、 such as chimpanzees, whales, panda, panda, the Siberian tiger, the South China tiger, Asia elephants, deer, rhinoceros, the Tibetan antelope, the Red Crowned Crane, the alligator, Chinese sturgeon, metasequoia, ginkgo, yew, broad-leaved cycads, Pinus sylvestriformis and so on are facing the threat of extinction.Two, the cause
