高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解2II.docx
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高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解2II.docx
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高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解2II
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解
(2)(II)
科普知识(阅读理解)由(xx安徽,C)改编
Sometimes,thesimplestideasarethebest.Forexample,toabsorbheatfromthesuntoheatwater,youneedlarge,flat,blacksurfaces.Onewaytodothatistobuildthosesurfacesspecially,ontheroofsofbuildings.Butwhygotoallthattroublewhencitiesarefullofblacksurfacesalready,intheformofasphalt(柏油)roads?
Tenyearsago,thisthoughtcameintothemindofAriandeBondt,aDutchengineer.Hefinallypersuadedhisbosstofollowitup.Theresultisthattheirbuildingisnowheatedinwinterandcooledinsummerbyasystemthatreliesonthesurfaceoftheroadoutside.
Theheat-collectorisasystemofconnectedwaterpipes.Mostofthemrunfromonesideofthestreettotheother,justundertheasphaltroad.Some,however,divedeepintotheground.
Whenthestreetsurfacegetshotinsummer,waterpumpedthroughthepipespicksupthisheatandtakesitundergroundthroughoneofthedivingpipes.Atadepthof100metresliesanaturalaquifer(蓄水层)intowhichseveralheatexchangers(交换器)havebeenbuilt.Thehotwaterfromthestreetrunsthroughtheseexchangers,warmingthegroundwater,beforereturningtothesurfacethroughanotherpipe.Theaquiferisthususedasaheatstore.
Inwinter,theworkingsystemischangedslightly.Waterispumpedthroughtheheatexchangerstopickuptheheatstoredduringsummer.Thiswatergoesintothebuildingandisusedtowarmtheplaceup.Afterperformingthattask,itispumpedundertheasphaltanditsremainingheatkeepstheroadfreeofsnowandice.
1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?
( )
A.AriandeBondtgothisideafromhisboss.
B.Large,flat,blacksurfacesneedtobebuiltincities.
C.TheDutchengineer’ssystemhasbeenwidelyused.
D.Heatcanalsobecollectedfromasphaltroads.
2.Forwhatpurposearethedivingpipesused?
( )
A.Toabsorbheatfromthesun.
B.Tostoreheatforfutureuse.
C.Toturnsolarenergyintoheatenergy.
D.Tocarryheatdownbelowthesurface.
3.Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthat .
A.somepipeshavetobere-arrangedinwinter
B.thesystemcandomorethanwarmingupthebuilding
C.theexchangerswillpickupheatfromthestreetsurface
D.lessheatmaybecollectedinwinterthaninsummer
4.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?
( )
A.Whatweshalldoifthesystemgoeswrong.
B.Whatweshalldoiftherearenoasphaltroads.
C.Howthesystemcoolsthebuildinginsummer.
D.Howthesystemcollectsheatinspringandautumn.
语篇解读:
城市的黑色柏油路有了用武之地,可以用来收集热量,起到冬暖夏凉的功效。
答案及剖析:
1.D 事实细节题。
根据第二段的最后一句可知。
2.D 事实细节题。
根据第四段第一句中的...takesitundergroundthroughoneofthedivingpipes.可知。
3.B 事实细节题。
根据第五段最后一句的Afterperformingthattask,itispumped...可知答案。
4.C 推理判断题。
文章主要从两方面阐述通过柏油路储热的好处,首先是冬天供暖,下面应该讲述夏天降温。
【长难句子分析】
。
结果是通过依靠外面的路面这样一种系统,他们的建筑物冬天得到供暖,夏天得到降温。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
【xx·潍坊5月模拟】
“Oh,youmusthavebeenaspoiled(宠坏的)kid.Youmustbereallybossy.Iwonderwhatyou’regoingtobeliketodealwith?
”That’softentheresponseAngelaHultgetswhenpeoplefindoutshe’sanonlychild,shetoldABCNews.Despitesuchnegative(消极的)remarks,Hulthasdecidedtohaveonlyonechildherself.Andshe’snotalone.
AccordingtotheUS’OfficeforNationalStatistics,womenapproachingtheendoftheirchildbearingyearshadanaverageof1.9childrenin2004,paredwith3.1fortheircounterpartsin1976.ThepercentageofonechildfamiliesinBritainhadrisenfrom18percentin1972to26percentinxx.
Buteventhoughonlychildrenarebeingincreasinglymon,thetraditionalviewthatthey’reselfish,spoiledandlacksocialskillsholdsstrong.Evenparentsofonlychildren,likeHult,aremadetofeelguiltyabouthavingonlyonechild.Worriedthatthey’rebeingselfishandendangeringtheirchild’sfuture,theyflocktoonlinediscussionforumsseekingadvice.Soon,however,theyaskthemselves:
isthissocialprejudicereallyreasonable?
“Therehavebeenhundredsandhundredsofresearchstudiesthatshowthatonlychildrenarenodifferentfromtheirpeers(同龄人),”SusanNewman,asocialpsychologistatRutgersUniversityintheUS,toldABCNews.
Thisraisesanotherquestion:
whyareonlychildrenstillviewedwithsuchsuspicion?
“Thereisabeliefthat’sbeenaroundprobablysincehumansfirstexistedthattohavejustonechildissomehowdangerous,bothforyouandforthecontinuationofyourrace,”ToniFalbo,aprofessorofeducationalpsychology,toldtheGuardian.“Inthepastalotofchildrendied.You’dhavehadtobecrazytoonlyhaveone.”
Times,ofcourse,havechangedandinfantmortality(婴儿死亡率)haslargelyreduced.Sowhatdoonlychildrenthemselvessay?
KayleyKravitz,abloggerforTheHuffingtonPost,grewupasanonlychildandhighlyremendstheexperience.“Beinganonlychildtaughtmethemostvaluableskillofall:
theabilitytobealone,”shesaid.
1.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Areonlychildrenlonely?
B.Areonlychildrenmon?
C.Areonlychildrendangerous?
D.Areonlychildrendifferent?
2.WhatdoesSusanNewmanmean?
A.Onlychildrenareasgoodastheirpeers.
B.Onlychildrenaremoreselfishandspoiled.
C.Parentsfeelguiltyabouthavingonlyonechild.
D.Parentswillendangertheironlychild’sfuture.
3.Whatisthemonbeliefsincehumanexisted?
A.Theinfantdeathratealwaysstayshigh.
B.Peoplearecrazytohaveonlyonechild.
C.It’seasyforonlychildrentoearntheirliving.
D.It’shardtocontinuethefamilylinewithonlyonechild.
4.AnonlychildlikeKayley________.
A.mustbedifficulttopersuade
B.canpossiblylearntobealone
C.shouldvaluespecialskills
D.needignorebadexperience
5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardshavingonlyonechild?
A.Neutral. B.Negative.
C.Positive. D.Doubtful.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。
尽管在英国越来越多的孩子都是独生子女,但很多人对独生子女的看法却依然如故,认为他们自私、娇气、缺少社交技能。
对此,独生子女们有他们的看法。
1.解析:
标题概括题。
本文主要讨论了独生子女是否就是英国传统观念中的自私、娇气,缺少社交技能的人,所以D项最适合做文章的标题,故选D。
答案:
D
2.解析:
细节理解题。
根据第四段SusanNewman所说的话可知,成百上千的研究表明独生子女和别的孩子没有什么区别,故选A。
答案:
A
3.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第六段中的“Thereisabeliefthat’sbeenaroundprobably...bothforyouandforthecontinuationofyourrace”可知,自从人类存在以来,人们就认为只生一个孩子不论对你自己还是对种族的延续来说都是很危险的,故选D。
答案:
D
4.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段中“Beinganonlychild...theabilitytobealone”可知,选B。
答案:
B
5.解析:
观点态度题。
文中提到不同人对于独生子女的不同观点,但并没有直接提到作者自己的看法,由此可知,应选A,中立的。
答案:
A。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
【xx·烟台3月诊断性考试】
FahadAzad,anengineerinIndia,inventedarobotnamedDuctBot.ThetoycarsizedDuctBotmeasured23centimetersinlength,19centimetersinwidthand9centimetersinheightandweighsjusttwokilograms.
Therobotisdesignedtosnakethroughdark,narrowairconditioningducts(管道)andcleanthem.ApairofLEDsfittedontherobotlightupthedirtyscenery,soitcanbecaptured(抓拍)byacamera.
Inordertocontrolitmoreeasily,MrAzadchoosestofixDuctBotonwheels.Therobotcancleanofflotsofdirt,aswellasdeadpigeonsandinsects.Keepingindoorairingoodqualityandmonitoringcarbondioxidelevelsinbuildingswithcentralairconditioningisachallenge.Itisimportantinsomeplaceswherecleanaircanmeanadifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,suchashospitals.Dirtyairhasabadinfluenceonpeople’shealth.
EPSCO,aDubaibasedpanywhichspecializesinimprovingindoorairquality,readaboutMrAzad’sinventioninanationalnewspaperafterhehadwonaninternationalroboticspetition.EPSCOhadcleaningequipment,butitneededsomeonetogetintothoseductstodothedirty,dangerouswork.AcrossIndia,forexample,thetaskstillfallstochildren.Theyaresmallenoughtogothroughthoseducts.
Inxx,MrAzadwhowasstillatuniversitydecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Sixyearslaterhisownpany,RobosoftSystems,hasBluestar,EPSCOandtheIndianNavy,someleadingairconditionmakers,aspartners.
MrAzadandhistenemployeesarecurrentlyexploringrobotdesignstoexamineoiltanksorsewage(污水)pipes.Theirbiggestchallengeistomaketherobotsuserfriendlyenough.MrAzadhopesthattherobotcouldeventuallybeoperatednotbyengineersbutbyworkers.Therewillbelotsofdifficultiestheyneedtoovereinthefuture.
1.WhatcanwelearnaboutDuctbot?
A.Itisatoycarandpopularwithchildren.
B.Itisdesignedtomovelikeasnakeintheducts.
C.manyLEDsarefittedonittotellitslocation.
D.Itisactuallyacameratocapturedirtyscenery.
2.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refersto“________”.
A.thecamera B.theconditioningduct
C.theLEDlight D.thedirtyscenery
3.WhatcantheDuctbotdoforus?
A.Cleanoffthedirtintheducts.
B.Controlthecentralconditioning.
C.Reducecarbondioxideinbuildings.
D.Protectmoreanimalsincity.
4.Accordingtothetext,EPSCO________.
A.haswonaninternationalroboticspetition
B.hiredchildrentocleanthedirtyductsinthepast
C.istheonlypartnerofRobosoftSystems
D.specializesinimprovingpeople’shealth
5.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?
A.OnlyengineerscanoperatetheDuctbotnow.
B.Newwayshavebeenfoundtoexamineoiltanks.
C.Azad’sdifficultiesareimpossibletoovere.
D.Azad’steamareworkingtoimprovetheirrobotdesigns.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。
主要介绍了印度的一名工程师发明了一种可以进入空调管道来清理空调灰尘的机器人。
1.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第二段第一句“Therobotisdesignedtosnakethroughdark,narrowairconditioningducts(管道)andcleanthem.”可知,它像蛇一样在管道中行走。
答案:
B
2.解析:
指代判断题。
根据文章第二段第二句“ApairofLEDsfittedontherobotlightupthedirtyscenery”并结合下文可推知,此处的it代指的是thedirtyscenery,故答案D符合文意。
答案:
D
3.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第二段第一句“Therobotisdesignedtosnakethroughdark,narrowairconditioningducts(管道)andcleanthem.”和第三段的第二句“Therobotcancleanofflotsofdirt...”可知,这种机器人可以清理管道里的垃圾。
答案:
A
4.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第四段的
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