计算机科学导论全英版课后问答.docx
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计算机科学导论全英版课后问答.docx
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计算机科学导论全英版课后问答
CHAPTER1
1.Explainthefivepartsofaninformationsystem.Whatpartdopeopleplayinthissystem?
Aninformationsystemhasfiveparts:
people,procedures,software,hardwareanddata.
People:
Areenduserswhouseputertomakethemselvesmoreproductive.
Procedures:
Specifyrulesorguidelinesforputeroperations.
Software:
Providesstep-by-stepinstructionsforputerhardware.
Hardware:
Processesthedatatocreateinformation.
Data:
Consistofunprocessedfactsincludingtext,numbers,imageandsounds.
Peoplearethemostimportantpartofanyinformationsystem.
2.Whatissystemsoftware?
Whatkindsofprogramsareincludedinsystemsoftware?
Systemsoftwarehelpstheputermanageitsowninternalresources.Itincludesthreekindsofprograms:
operatingsystems,utilitiesanddevicedriversprograms.
3.Defineandparebasicandspecializedapplicationsoftware.Describesomedifferenttypesofbasicapplicationsoftware.Describesometypesofspecializedapplications.
Basicapplicationsarethekindsofprogramstobeconsideredputerpetent.
Specializedapplicationsaremorenarrowlyfocusedonspecificdisciplinesandoccupations.
Basicapplicationshavesometypes,suchasbrowser,wordprocessor,spreadsheet,andsoon.
Alsospecializedapplicationshavemanytypes,someofthebestknownaregraphics,audioandvideo,multimedia,Webauthoring,andartificialintelligenceprograms.
4.Describethedifferenttypesofputer.Whatisthemostmontype?
Whatarethetypesofmicroputers?
Therearefourtypesofputers:
superputers,mainframeputers,miniputers,andmicroputers.
Superputersarethemostpowerfultypeofputer.
Mainframeputersoccupyspeciallywired,air-conditionedrooms,theyarecapableofgreatprocessingspeedsanddatastorage.
Miniputersarerefrigeratorsizedmachines.
Microputersaretheleastpowerful,yetthemostwidelyusedandfastest-growing,typeofputer.
Microputersarethemostmontypeofputers.
Therearefourtypesofmicroputers:
Desktopputers,Notebookputers,HandheldputersandPDA.
5.Whatisconnectivity?
Howarethewirelessrevolutionandconnectivityrelated?
Whatisaputernetwork?
WhatistheInternet?
WhatistheWeb?
Connectivityisthecapabilityofyoumicroputertosharetheinformationwithotherputers.
Wirelessrevolutiondramaticallyaffectconnectivity.
Aputernetworkisamunicationssystemconnectingtwoormoreputers.
Internetisthelargestnetworkintheworld.
TheWebprovidesamultimediainterfacetothenumerousresourcesavailableontheInternet.
CHAPTER2
1.DiscusstheusesoftheInternet.Whichactivitieshaveyouparticipatedin?
Whichonedoyouthinkisthemostpopular?
ThemostmonusesoftheInternetarethefollowing:
municating,shopping,searching,entertainment,education,andsoon.Ihaveparticipatedinalmostallofthem.Ithinkmunicatingisthemostpopular.
2.Explainthedifferencesbetweenthetwomostmontypesofproviders.
ThetwomostmontypesofprovidersareNationalandwireless.
Nationalserviceprovidersprovideaccessthroughstandardtelephoneconnections.
WirelessserviceprovidersprovideInternetconnectionsforputerswithwirelessmodemsandawidearrayofwirelessdevices.
3.Whatarethebasicelementsofanmessage?
Atypicalmessagehasthreebasicelements:
header,messageandsignature.
4.Whatissocialnetworking?
Describethethreetypesifsocialnetworkingsites.
Socialnetworkingisthegroupingofindividualsintospecificgroups.Therearethreebasiccategoriesofsocialnetworkingsites:
reuniting,friend-of-a-friendandmoninterest
Reunitingsitesaredesignedtoconnectpeoplewhohaveknownoneanotherbuthavelosttouch.
Friend-of-a-friendsitesaredesignedtobringtogethertwopeoplewhodonotknowoneanotherbutshareamonfriend.
moninterestsitesbringtogetherindividualsthatsharemoninterestsorhobbies.
5.Describethedifferenttypesofsearchengines.Givenanexampleofthetypeofsearcheachengineisbestfor.
Therearethreetypesofsearchengines:
crawler-basedsearchengines,metasearchenginesandspecializedsearchengines
Crawler-basedsearchengines,suchasGoogle,createtheirlistingsautomatically.
Metasearchenginesareprogramsthatautomaticallysubmityoursearchrequesttoseveralenginessimultaneously.Themetasearchenginesreceivestheresults,eliminatesduplicates,ordersthehits,andthenprovidestheeditedlisttoyou.oneofthebestknownisDogpile.
Specializedsearchenginesfocusonsubject-specificWebsites.suchasEnvironment.
CHAPTER3
1.Explainthedifferencebetweengeneral-purposeandspecial-purposeapplications.
General-purposeapplicationarewidelyusedinnearlyeverydisciplineandoccupation.Theyincludewordprocessors,spreadsheets,databasemanagementsystemsandpresentationgraphics.
Specializedapplicationincludesthousandsofotherprogramsthataremorenarrowlyfocusedonspecificdisciplinesandoccupations.
2.Discussthemonfeaturesofmostsoftwareprograms.Describethenewinterfacetowhat-ifanalysis?
MostapplicationsuseaGUI,usewindowstodisplayinformation,andhavemenustopresentmands.
3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenafunctionandaformula?
Howisaformularelatedtowhat-ifanalysis?
Aformulaisaninstructiontocalculateorprocess.Functionsareprewrittenformulas.Aformularelatedtowhat-ifanalysisiscalledrecalculation.
4.Whatarepresentationgraphicsprograms?
Howaretheyused?
Presentationgraphicsareprogramsthatbineavarietyofvisualobjectstocreateattractive,visuallyinterestingpresentation.Peopleinavarietyofsettingandsituationsusepresentationgraphicsprogramstomaketheirpresentationsmoreinterestingandprofessional.
5.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanintegratedpackageandasoftwaresuite?
Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesodeach?
Anintegratedpackageisasingleprogramthatprovidesthefunctionalityofawordprocessor,spreadsheet,databasemanager,andmore.Theprimarydisadvantageofanintegratedpackageisthatthecapabilitiesofeachfunctionarenotasextensiveasintheindividualprograms.Theprimaryadvantagesarecostandsimplicity.
Asoftwaresuiteisacollectionofseparateapplicationprogramsbundledtogetherandsoldasagroup.Itissignificantlylessexpensivetobuyasuiteofapplicationsthantobuyeachapplicationseparately
CHAPTER4
1.Describegraphics,includingdesktoppublishers,imageeditors,illustrationprograms,imagegalleries,andgraphicssuites.
Graphicsarewidelyusedtoanalyzedataandtocreateprofessional-lookingpresentations;Desktoppublishersfocusonpagedesignandlayoutandprovidegreaterflexibility;Imageeditorsareprogramsforcreatingandeditingbitmapimages;Illustrationprogramsareusedtocreateandtoeditvectorimages;Imagegalleriesarelibrariesofelectronicimages.Theseimagesareusedforawidevarietyofapplicationsfromillustratingtextbookstoprovidingvisualinteresttopresentations;
Graphicssuitesaresomepaniesbiningtheirseparategraphicsprogramsingroups.
2.Discussaudioandvideoeditingsoftware.
Audioeditingsoftwareallowsyoutocreateandeditaudioclips,mostsoftwareallowyoutoaddaudioeffectstoyourtracks.Videoeditingsoftwareallowsyoutoreorganize,addeffects,andmoretoyourdigitalvideofootage.
3.Whatismultimedia?
Howaremultimediapresentationsdeveloped?
Multimediaistheintegrationofallsortsofmediaintoonepresentation.Thecreationofinteractivemultimediapresentationsfollowsseveralsteps:
Plan,Design,CreateandSupport.
4.DescribeWebauthoring,includingWebsitedesignandWebauthoringprograms.
CreatingasiteiscalledWebauthoring.Awebsitedesignisaninteractivemultimediaformofmunication,designingawebsitebeginswithdeterminingthesite’soverallcontent,theoverallsitedesignismonlyrepresentedinagraphicalmap.Morespecializedandpowerfulprograms,calledWebauthoringprograms,aretypicallyusedtocreatesophisticatedmercialsites.
5.Discussthreeareasofartificialintelligence.
Thethreeareasofartificialintelligencearevirtualreality,knowledge-basedsystemsandrobotics.Virtualrealityisanartificial,orsimulated,realitygeneratedin3-Dbyaputer.Knowledge-basedsystemsareatypeofartificialintelligencethatusesadatabasetoprovideassistancetousers.Roboticsisthefieldofstudyconcernedwithdevelopingandusingrobots.
CHAPTER5
1.Describesystemsoftware.Whatarethefourtypesofsystemprograms?
Systemsoftwareworkswithendusers,applicationsoftware,andputerhardwaretohandlethemajorityoftechnicaldetails.Itconsistsoffourtypesofprograms:
operatingsystems,utilities,devicedriversandlanguagetranslators.
2.Whatarethebasicfunctionsofeveryoperatingsystem?
Whatarethethreebasicoperatingsystemcategories?
Thebasicfunctionsofeveryoperatingsystemare:
managingputerresources,providingauserinterface,andrunningapplications.Thethreebasicoperatingsystemcategoriesare:
embedded,networkandstand-alone.
3.ExplainthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenWindows,MacOS,andLinux.
Windowsisbyfarthemostpopularmicroputeroperatingsystemtoday.ItesinavarietyofdifferentversionsandisdesignedtorunwithIntelandIntel-patiblemicroprocessors.MacOSisnotnearlyaswidelyusedastheWindowsoperatingsystem.Itisapowerful,easy-to-useoperatingsystemthatispopularwithprofessionalgraphicdesigns,desktoppublishers,andmanyhomeusers.WhileWindows,theMacOSareproprietaryoperatingsystems,Linuxisnot.Itisopensourcesoftwarefreeandavailablefrommanysources,includingtheWeb.
4.Discussutilities.
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