精品推荐考研英语真题及解析.docx
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精品推荐考研英语真题及解析.docx
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精品推荐考研英语真题及解析
2
014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语
(一)试题
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,Cor
DonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhat
theyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember
name,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain
moments."seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(an)
professional,social,andpersonal
Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalot
thatcanbedone.Itoutthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtheright
mentalcansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive.Thinkingisessentiallyaofmaking
connectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdrive
intelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientists
believethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.
Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep13
program"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental
TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.The
programkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceand
improvement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthe
20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvary
1
weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance's
werefertotheseoccurrencesas"senior
impactonour
2
3
4
5
.
6
7
8
9
anddevelopedthefirst"braintraining
14
.
strengthsyouaredeveloping--muchlikea(n)
yourmuscleuse.
1.
[
A]why
.[A]improves[B]fades
.[A]While[B]Unless
.[A]uneven[B]limited
[B]when
[C]that
[D]where
[D]recovers
[D]If
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
1
1
1
1
[C]collapses
[C]Once
[C]damaging
[D]obscure
.[A]relationship[B]environment[C]wellbeing[D]outlook
.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures
.[A]responses[B]roundabouts[C]workouts[D]associations
.[A]genre[B]criterion[C]circumstances[D]functions
.[A]channel[B]process
0.[A]excel[B]feature
1.[A]However[B]Moreover
2.[A]insteadof[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]accordingto
3.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around
4.[A]framework[B]stability[C]sharpness[D]flexibility
[C]sequence
[C]persist
[D]condition
[D]believe
[C]Otherwise[D]Therefore
1
1
1
1
1
5.[A]hurries
6.[A]order
7.[A]to
[B]reminds
[B]track
[B]on
[C]forces
[C]hold
[C]for
[D]allows
[D]pace
[D]with
8.[A]constantly[B]habitually
[C]irregularly[D]unusually
1
2
9.[A]carry
0.[A]risky
[B]put
[B]familiar
[C]build
[C]idle
[D]take
[D]effective
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.
MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOsbome,Chancellorofthe
Exchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV
registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreport
weeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?
Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.
“
Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’redoingthese
thingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster”Help?
Really?
Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,complete
with“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofind
work,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamental
fairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimants
receivedtheirbenefits.
Losingajobishurting:
youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedatthe
prospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifyingpsychologicallyembarrassing
andyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportis
minimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromthework
environmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyour
familyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:
ajob.
ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency-permanentdependencyifyoucanget
it-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsof
thejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthat
youcaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisaster
happens.Eventheveryphrase‘jobseeker’sallowance’-inventedin1996-isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa
“
jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurance
contributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;no
entitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.
21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto_____.
[
A]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily
2
[
[
[
B]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits
C]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking
D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits
22.Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans_____.
[
[
[
[
A]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment
B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance
C]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre
D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram
23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?
[
[
[
[
A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.
B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.
C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.
D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.
24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel_____.
[
[
[
[
A]insulted
B]uneasy
C]enraged
D]guilty
25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?
[
[
[
[
A]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.
B]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.
C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.
D]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.
Text2
Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthe
possibleexceptionofjournalism.Buttherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthan
America.
Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastas
inflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.
Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfiler
thatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.
Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.Thereisjustonepathfora
lawyerinmostAmericanstates:
afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbythe
AmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-school
graduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetowork
fearsomelyhard.
Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundfora
longtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.One
ideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronly
3
twoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansitit
earliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbya
third.
Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.Except
intheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovation
slow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsist
thatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclients
ethically.
Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicesto
customers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimproving
firms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegal
professions.Americashouldfollow.
26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto_____.
[
[
[
[
A]thegrowingdemandfromclients
B]theincreasingpressureofinflation
C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms
D]theattractionoffinancialrewards
27.W
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