信息专业英语复习提纲给学生docxWord文档格式.docx
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信息专业英语复习提纲给学生docxWord文档格式.docx
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26.inheritance
27.polymorphism
28.reusability
29.dynamicbinding
30.JavavirtualmachineJava
31.concurrencycontrol
32.probabilisticordeterministicmodels
33.semistructuredproblem
34.unstructuredproblem
35.managementcontrol
36.ComputerIntegratedManufacturing
37>
ExecutiveInformationSystem
38.GeneralProblemSolver
39.inferenceengine
4O.islandsofinformation
41.vacuumtubes
42.floatingpointdata
43.ultravioletlight
44.dot-matrixprinter
45.assemblylanguage
二、专业术语汉译英
1•数字计算机
2.计算机系统
3.硕件系统
4•软件系统
5.个人计算机
6•存储容量
7.微型计算机
&
独立计算机
9.巨型计算机
10•存储单元
11.指令格式
12.触摸屏
13•喷墨打印机
14.激光打印机
15.输入输出接口
16.向量中断
17.算法
伪码
19•自下而上
20.二维数组
21.程序计数器
22.程序设计语言
23.软件工程
24•机器语言
25.程序测试
26.面向对象程序设计
27.成员变量
2&
封装
29.可视化编程
30•派生类
31.恢复
32.职能信息系统
33.结构化问题
34•战略计划
35.运行控制
36.静态或动态模型
37.人力资源管理
38.知识系统
39.知识库
40.销售和营运计划
41•桌面印刷
42.寻址方式
43.主存
44•内存
45.二叉树
三、写出下列缩略语的英文全称
I.CPU
2.IC
3.LSI
4.CLS1
5.DBMS
6.LAN
7.ALU
8.RAM
9.ROM
10.BIOS
II.DMA
12.FIFO
13.LIFO
14.RAD
15.AI
16.HTML
17.TPS
18.MIS
19.DSS
20.CIMS
21.ES
22.ERP
23.CRM
24.MRP
25.BPR
26.ALU
27.DRAM
28.SRAM
29.PROM
30.ADT
四、填空题
1.isdesignedtoaccomplishreal-worldtasksinfields.
2.controlsthecomputerandenablesittorunthehardwareandapplicationsoftware.
3.Acomputersystemconsistsofand•
4.Listfourtypesofcomputers:
,,and.
5.ThecomputerhardwareconsistsofthreemajorpartswhicharetheCPU,thememorysubsystem,
6.Therearetwomajortypesofmemory:
RandomAccessMemory(RAM)and.
7.Thecachememoryinpersonalcomputersisconstructedfrom•
8.rovidesamethodfortransferringinformationbetweeninternalstorageandexternal
I/Odevices.
9.DatatransferbetweenthecentralcomputerandI/Odevicesmaybehandledinavarietyofmodes.
ThesemodesareprogrammedI/O,anddirectmemoryaccess(DMA).
10-Aisanotationalsysteminwhichideascanbeexpressedinformallyduringthe
algorithmdevelopmentprocess.
11.Eachprimitiveconsistsoftwoparts:
ands.
12.Theisrefertothecomputationaltimerequiredbyanalgorithm.
13.Wedefinetheworstcaserunningtimeofanalgorithmtobetherunningtimeofthat
algorithmoverallpossibleinputsofsizen.
14.Aisoneofthemostfundamentaldatastructuresusedtostoreacollectionofdata
items.
15.Inprogramming,thedocumentationisclassified,and.
16.Aisalistofinstructionsorstatementsfordirectingthecomputertoperformarequired
data-processingtask・
17.Thelowestlevelofprogramminglanguagesis•
18.Very-high-levellanguagesareoftencalled•
19-allowquestionsorcommandstobeframedinamoreconversationalwayorin
alternativeforms.
20.ADSSshouldassistmanagersinmakingdecisiontosolveproblems.
21.TheseesTPSasalargenumberofinteractiveusersaccessingshareddatabases.
22.InDSS,produceinformationasaresultofeithersimulationsthatinvolvesoneormore.
23.ADSSmodelincludes:
mathematicalmodels,and.
24.OneobjectiveofaDSSisimprovingthemanager^decision-makingeffectivenessratherthan
its•
25.Alisbeingappliedinbusinessintheformofknowledgesystems,whichusetosolve
problem.
26.enablestheusertointeractwiththeexpertsystem.
27.housestheaccumulatedknowledgeoftheparticularproblemtobesolved.
Theinferenceengineprovidestheabilitythatinterpretsthecontentsofthe.
29.Anexpertsystemisacomputerprogramthatattemptstorepresenttheofhumanexpertsin
theformof.
30-ERPbeganlifeinthe1960sas,anoutgrowthofearlyeffortsinbillofmaterial
processing.
31.EnterpriseResourcesPlanning(ERP)predictsandbalancesdemandand.
32.ThegoalsofERPincludehighlevelsofcustomersservice,productivity,costreduction,
and•
33.Closed-loopMRPhasprovisionsforfromtheexecutionfunctionbacktotheplanning
functions.Planscanthenbealteredwhennecessary,therebykeepingprioritiesvalidasconditionschange.
34.EnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP)isanenterprise-widesetofforecasting,planning,and
schedulingtools,which:
Linkscustomersandsuppliersintoacompleteemploysproven
processforandcoordinatessalesmarketing,operations,logistics,finance,
productdevelopment,andhumanresources.
五、匹配下列术语及其定义
(l)ALU
(2)RAM(3)E2PROM(4)DMA
1.anelectricallyerasablePROM.
2.Atransfermodethatcanbeimprovedisthetransferofdatabetweenmemory
andI/Odevices.
3.Theunitwhichperformsmostarithmeticandlogicaloperations.
4.Memorythatiserasedwhenthecomputeristurnedoff.
(1transaction
(2)MIS(3)EIS(4)HRIS
1.Anatomicunitofexecutionthatmanipulatessystemresources.
2.executiveinformationsystem.
3.Acomputer-basedsystemthatmakesinformationavailabletouserswith
similarneeds.
4.humanresourcesinformationsystem.
(l)artificialintelligence
(2)theinferenceengine
(3)forwardreasoning(4)case-basedreasoning(CBR)
1.whichuseshistoricaldataasthebasisforidentifyingproblemsand
recommendingsolutions.
2.therulesareexaminedoneafteranotherinacertainorde匚
3.theportionoftheexpertsystemthatperformsreasoningbyusingthecontentsoftheknowledgebaseinaparticularsequence.
4.usingthecomputerfortasksthatnormallyrequirehumanintelligence.
(l)ERP
(2)MRP(3)Closed-LoopMRP(4)MRPII
1.TechniquesforhelpingplancapacityrequirementsweretiedinwithMaterial
RequirementsPlanning.
2.Anoutgrowthofearlyeffortsinbillofmaterialprocessing.
3.Amethodfortheeffectiveplanningofallresourcesofamanufacturing
company.
4.Anenterprise-widesetofmanagementtoolsthatbalancesdemandand
supply.
六、根据所学课文内容,用英文简要回答问题
1.Howmanytypesofcomputersdoyouknow?
Nameatleastfourofthem.
(1)supercomputers
(2)mainframecomputers
(3)minicomputers
(4)microcomputers
2.Listthreemajorpartofthehardware.
(1)inputandoutputdevices;
(2)acentralprocessingunit;
(3)memory
3.Nameatleastfourofalgorithmtechniques.
(1)Brute-forceAlgorithms;
(2)Divide-and-ConquerAlgorithms;
(3)DynamicProgramming;
(4)GreedyAlgorithms;
(5)RandomizedAlgorithms.
4.Howmanyclassesofdatastructuresdoyouknow?
(1)arrays
(2)lists
(3)LinkedList
(4)StacksandQueues
(5)Tree
5.Howmanytypesofprogramminglanguagesdoyouknow?
(1)Machinelanguage;
(2)assemblylanguage;
(3)high-levellanguages;
(4)very-high-levellanguages;
(5)naturallanguages
6.Listthreecategoriesofthedatatype.
(1)Numericdata;
(2)Booleandata;
(3)Characterdata
7.Identifythetypesofdatatransfermodes.
(1)programmedI/O
(2)interrupts
(3)directmemoryaccess(DMA)
8.Listthestepsinvolvedinadivide-and-conqueralgorithm.
(1)First,dividetheoriginalproblemintoanumberofsubproblems.
(2)Next,solvethesubproblems.Ifthesubproblemsaresmallenough,theyshouldbesolvesdirectly;
otherwise,theyshouldbesolvedrecursively.
(3)Finally,combinethesolutionstothesubproblemstoproducethefinalsolution.
9.Listapproachthatisoftenusedtosolveoptimizationproblem.
10・Describedifferencesbetweenabinarytreeandatree.
(1)Abinarytreecanbeempty,whereasatreecannot;
(2)Eachnodeinabinarytreehasexactlytwosubtrees,whichinatreecanhaveanynumberofsubtrees;
(3)Thesubtreesofeachnodeinabinarytreeareordered.Thesubtreesinatreeareunordered.
11.Listthefivestepsofprogramming.
(1)Problemdefinition;
(2)Programdesign;
(3)Programcoding;
(4)Programtesting;
(5)Programdocumentationandmaintenance.
12.Howmanytypesofprogramminglanguagesdoyouknow?
Traditionally,computerprogramminglanguagesaredividedintofivelevelsorgenerations,whichareasfollows.
(1)Firstgeneration-machinelanguage.
(2)Secondgeneration-assemblylanguage.
(3)Thirdgeneration-high-levellanguage.
(4)Fourthgeneration-very-high-levellanguage.
(5)Fifthgeneration-naturallanguage.
13.Listdifferencesbetweencompilationprocessandassemblyprocess.
(1)High-levellanguageprogramsarecompiled,andassemblylanguageprogramsareassembly;
(2)High-levellanguagesareplatform-independent.Thesamehigh-levelsourcecodecanbecompiledtorunondifferentmicroprocessorsandoperatingsystems,orcomputingplatforms.Assemblylanguageprogramsusuallyrunononlyoneplatform.
(3)Ahigh-levellanguagestatementisusuallyconvertedtoasequenceofseveralmachinecodeinstructions.Eachassemblylanguageinstructioncorrespondstooneuniquemachinecodeinstruction.
14.Describetheexpertsystemmodel.
Themodelofanexpertsystemconsistsoffourmainparts.
(1)Theuserinterfaceenablestheusertointeractwiththeexpertsystem.
(2)Theknowledgebasehousestheaccumulatedknowledgeoftheparticularproblemtobesolved.
(3)Theinferenceengineprovidesthereasoningabilitythatinterpretsthecontents
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