独立主格专项讲解.docx
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独立主格专项讲解.docx
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独立主格专项讲解
独立主格专项讲解
在英语中,独立主格可以由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、名词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等”构成,其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式,起逻辑主语的作用,其后的“形容词、副词、名词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等”起逻辑谓语的作用。
注意,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
由“名词(代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格
以下介绍“名词或代词+介词短语”的用法。
Hewaswaiting,hiseyesonherback.他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。
Thesoldiersdashedin,rifleinhand.士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
Theoldwomansatdown,tracesoftearsstillonhercheeks.老太太坐了下来,面颊上还带有泪痕。
Wewalkedout,onebehindtheother.我们一个接一个地走了出来。
Agirlcamein,bookinhand.一个少女进来了,手里拿着书。
Everyafternoonaveryoldwomanhobbledpasttheoldhouse,avastloadoffirewoodonherback.每天下午,一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。
注意:
在“名词或代词+介词短语”这类独立主格结构中,当其中的介词是in时,其前后的两个名词通常不加任何修饰语(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。
但如果是其他介词,则不受此限制。
由“名词(代词)+名词”构成的独立主格
以下介绍“名词或代词+名词”的用法。
Hisfirstshotfailure,hefiredagain.他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪。
Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。
Hisbooknowabestseller,hefeltpleasedwiththeworld.他的书成了畅销书,他对一切都满意了。
由“名词(代词)+副词”构成的独立主格
以下介绍“名词或代词+副词”的用法。
在“名词或代词+副词”这类独立主格结构中,其中的副词主要是over,on,off,up,down等这类小品词,一般不用-ly这类方式副词。
如:
Themeetingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。
Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。
Shesatatthetable,collaroff,headdown,andpeninhand,readytobeginthelongletter.她坐在桌前,衣领已解掉,头低了下来,拿好钢笔,准备开始写一封长信。
由“名词(代词)+形容词”构成的独立主格
以下介绍“名词或代词+形容词”的用法。
Heenteredtheroom,hisfacepale.他走进屋来脸色苍白。
Computersverysmall,wecanusethemwidely.电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。
Shestooderect,herbodystiffwithfury.她站得笔直,身子气得发僵。
Hesatinthefrontrow,hismouthhalfopen.他坐在前排,嘴半开着。
Thepeople,theirlivelihoodsecure,nowhavetheleisuretotakeupsports.现在人民生活有了保障,就有时间参加体育活动了。
Thefirm,itselfimmense,didnotdisdainthepettyretaildealing.这家公司尽管规模很大,但并不轻视这笔小零售生意。
TheTrojansasleep,theGreeksoldierscreptoutofthehollowwoodenhorse.特洛伊人睡着了,于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。
由“名词(代词)+不定式”构成的独立主格
以下介绍“名词或代词+不定式”的用法。
在“名词/代词+动词不定式”这类独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。
如:
Wedividedthework,hetocleanthewindowandItosweepthefloor.我们分了工,他擦窗户,我扫地。
Heisleavingfortheconferencenextweek,allexpensestobepaidbyhiscompany.他下周去参加一个会议,所有费用由他的公司支付。
Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabor,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook.我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
由“名词(代词)+过去分词”构成的独立主格
以下介绍“名词或代词+过去分词”的用法。
Fiveyearslater,hereturnedhome,hischaractergreatlychanged.五年后回返回家乡,性格大变了。
Theywalkedalongholdinghands,theirfingersinterlocked.他们手指交错,携手而行。
Thejobfinished,wewenthome.工作结束后我们就回家了。
Everyonehelped,Johnnotexcepted.大家都来帮忙,约翰也不例外。
Everythingconsidered,hisplanseemsbetter.从各方面考虑,他的计划似乎好一些。
Thatdone,heputonhissweaterandwentout.做完这事他穿上毛衣出去了。
Thequestionsettled,theywentbacktotheirrespectiveposts.这问题解决后,他们就回到各自的岗位上去了。
Allthingsconsidered,IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoGeorge.各方面考虑起来,我想我们应当把工作交给乔治。
Charlescamein,hiseyesswollen.查尔斯走了进来,眼睛肿着。
Thisdone,wewenthome.做完此事,我们就回家了。
Itrainedandrained,vehiclesboggeddownandbridgeswashedout.雨不断地下,车辆陷入泥沼,桥梁被水冲走。
由“名词(代词)+现在分词”构成的独立主格
以下介绍“名词或代词+现在分词”的用法。
Thechildrenplayingintheroom,Icouldn’tgetdowntostudying.孩子们在屋里玩,我没法学习。
Motherbeingill,Ihadtostayathomelookingafterher.母亲病了,我只好呆在家里照顾她。
Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。
Nightenshroudingtheearth,nobodycouldmakeoutwhatthedarkmasswasfromadistance.黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
Sheranuptome,herhairflyinginthewind.她向我跑来,秀发在风中飘扬着。
Allthistime,theywerefastasleep,allofthemknowingnothingaboutwhathadhappened.那段时间,他们都很快就入睡了,没有人知道发生了什么事。
Weatherpermitting,we’llhavethematchtomorrow.天气允许的话,我们将于明天进行比赛。
独立主格结构考题小练
1.Ihavealotofbooks,halfof________novels.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.them
2.________moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,manyanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.
A.becauseB.asC.WithD.Since
3.Thebuswascrowdedwithpassengersgoinghomefrommarket,mostof________carryingheavybagsandbasketsfulloffruitandvegetablestheyhadboughtthere.
A.themB.whoC.whomD.which
4.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout200,000silverpennies,allof________over600yearsold.
A.whichB.thatC.themD.it
5.Thecave________verydark,helitsomecandles________light.
A.was;givenB.was;togiveC.being;givenD.being;togive
6.Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand________agunandhisface________withsweat.
Aheld;coveredB.holding;coveringC.holding;coveredD.held;covering
7.Thegirlinthesnapshotwassmilingsweetly,herlonghair_________.
A.flowedinthebreezeB.wasflowinginthebreeze
C.wereflowinginthebreezeD.flowinginthebreeze
8.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_________fortheday.
A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished
9.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogetherjoking.
A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that
10.TheSmithsarerichandtheyhavethreecars,oneaToyota,________LandRoverofthelatest.
A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.theothers
11.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent_______attheendoflastMarch.(2007年山东卷)
A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunched
C.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched
12.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_________inayear.
A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed
13.Allthings_________,IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoGeorge.
A.consideredB.consideringC.toconsiderD.beingconsidered
14.Theriver_________inthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.
A.toriseB.roseC.havingrisenD.beingrisen
15.Moretime_________,weshouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.
A.togiveB.giveC.beinggivenD.given
16.Weshallplaythematchtomorrow,weather_________.
A.permitsB.permittingC.topermitD.permitted
17.Themonitor_________ill,we’dbetterputthemeetingoff.
A.beingB.tobeC.beenD.tohavebeen
18.Animportantlecture_________giventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.
A.tobeB.beingC.beenD.tohavebeen
19.Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishands_________underhishead.
A.tocrossB.crossedC.crossingD.tobecrossing
20.Tom_________lateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.
A.havingbeenB.beenC.tobeD.tobeing
21.Otherthings_________equal,Iwouldbuytheblackdressnotthewhiteone.
A.beingB.tobeC.beenD.havingbeen
22.Notfarfromtheschooltherewasagarden,_________ownerseatedinitplayingchesswithhislittlegrandsoneveryafternoon.
A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.that
23.Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_________translatedintoforeignlanguages.
A.itB.themC.thisD.that
24.ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_________beingforeigners.
A.whichB.themC.whomD.that
25.Thethiefstoodbeforethepoliceman,__________admittingwhathehaddone.
A.withhisdroopingheadB.droopinghishead
C.raisinghisheadD.withhisheaddown
26.__________,hecan'tgooutforawalkasusual.
A.WithsomuchworktodoB.Withsomuchworkdoing
C.WithsomuchworkdoneD.Withoutsomuchworktodo
27.It'squitestrangethatthemansleepswithhismouth__________andhiseyes__________.
A.closed;openB.closed;opened
C.closing;openD.closing;opening
28.Allthings__________,theplantripwillhavetobecalledoff.
A.beconsideredB.considered
C.consideringD.havingconsidering
29.__________,wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightaway.
A.AstherewasnotimeleftB.Thereisnotimeleft
C.TherebeingnotimeleftD.Theretobenotimeleft
30.__________yesterday,wewentoutforawalk.
A.AsafinedayB.Itwasafineday
C.ItbeingafinedayD.Foritwasafineday
31.Theoldmanstoodthere,__________.
A.withbackagainstthewallB.withhisbackagainstthewall
C.withbackagainstwallD.hisbackagainstwall
答案:
1-5DCACD6-10CDBAD11-15BCACD16-20BAABA21-25AABBD
26—30AABCC31B
32.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.
A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.Becausetherebeing
33.____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.
A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time'spermitting
34._____,weallwenthomehappily.
A.GoodbyewassaidB.Goodbyehadbeensaid
C.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid
35._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.
A.ItbeingfineweatherB.Itfineweather
C.ItwasfineweatherD.Itbeingafineweather
36.____,thebusstartedatonce.
A.ThesignalwasgivenB.Thesignalgiving
C.ThesignalgivenD.Whenthesignalgiven
37.Shestoodthere,_____fromhercheeks.
A.tears’rollingdownB.tearsrolleddown
C.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown
38.____,theleavesareturninggreen.
A.WhenspringcomingonB.Springcomingon
C.SpringcameonD.Springbeingcomeon
39._____,Ihadtobuyanewone.
A.MydictionarylosingB.Mydictionaryhavingbeenlost
C.MydictionaryhadbeenlostD.Becausemydictionarylost
40.Iusedtosleepwiththewindow_____.
A.openedB.openC.openingDtoopen
41.____,thehunterwentintotheforest.
A.AgunonshoulderB.Agunwasonhisshoulder
C.GunonshoulderD.Agunbeingonshoulder
42.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.
A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through
43.Withalotofwork____,Ihavetosituptonight.
A.doB.doingC.doneD.todo
44.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips_____.
A.tremblingB.trembledC.were
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