春季研究生阅读期末考试试题A卷.docx
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春季研究生阅读期末考试试题A卷.docx
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春季研究生阅读期末考试试题A卷
试卷一
PartIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Unlesswespendmoneytospotandpreventasteroids(小行星)now,onemightcrashintoEarthanddestroylifeasweknowit,saysomescientists.
Asteroidsarebiggerversionsofthemeteoroids(流星)thatraceacrossthenightsky.MostorbitthesunfarfromEarthanddon’tthreatenus.ButtherearealsothousandsofasteroidswhoseorbitsputthemonacollisioncoursewithEarth.
Buy$50millionworthofnewtelescopesrightnow.Thenspend$10millionayearforthenext25year5stolocatemostofthespacerocks.Bythetimewespotafatalone,thescientistssay,we’llhaveawaytochangeitscourse.
Somescientistsfavorpushingasteroidsoffcoursewithnuclearweapons.Butthecostwouldn’tbecheap.
Isitworthit?
Twothingsexpertsconsiderwhenjudginganyriskare:
1)Howlikelytheeventis;and2)Howbadtheconsequencesiftheeventoccurs.ExpertsthinkanasteroidbigenoughtodestroylotsoflifemightstrikeEarthonceevery500,000years.Soundsprettyrare—butifonedidfall,itwouldbetheendoftheworld.“Ifwedon’ttakecareofthesebigasteroids,they’lltakecareofus,”saysonescientist.“It’sthatsimple.”
Thecure,though,mightbeworsethanthedisease.DowereallywantfleetsofnuclearweaponssittingaroundonEarth?
“Theworldhaslesstofearfromdoomsday(毁灭性的)rocksthanfromagreatnuclearfleetsetagainstthem,”saidaNewYorkTimesarticle.
1.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutasteroidsandmeteoroids?
A)Theyareheavenlybodiesdifferentincomposition.
B)Theyareheavenlybodiessimilarinnature.
C)Therearemoreasteroidsthanmeteoroids.
D)Asteroidsaremoremysteriousthanmeteoroids.
2.WhatdoscientistssayaboutthecollisionofanasteroidwithEarth?
A)Itisveryunlikelybutthedangerexists.
B)Suchacollisionmightoccuronceevery25years.
C)CollisionsofsmallerasteroidswithEarthoccurmoreoftenthanexpected.
D)It’sstilltooearlytosaywhethersuchacollisionmightoccur.
3.Whatdopeoplethinkofthesuggestionofusingnuclearweaponstoalterthecoursesofasteroids?
A)Itsoundspracticalbutitmaynotsolvetheproblem.
B)Itmaycreatemoreproblemsthanitmightsolve.
C)ItisawasteofmoneybecauseacollisionofasteroidswithEarthisveryunlikely.
D)Furtherresearchshouldbedonebeforeitisprovedapplicable.
4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______________.
A)whilepushingasteroidsoffcoursenuclearweaponswoulddestroytheworld
B)asteroidsracingacrossthenightskyarelikelytohitEarthinthenearfuture
C)theworryaboutasteroidscanbelefttofuturegenerationssinceitisunlikelytohappeninourlifetime
D)workablesolutionsstillhavetobefoundtopreventacollisionofasteroidswithEarth
5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’stoneinthispassage?
A)Optimistic.
B)Critical.
C)Objective.
D)Arbitrary.
PassageTwo
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Believeitornot,opticalillusion(错觉)cancuthighwaycrashes.
Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripes,calledchevrons(人字形),paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.
NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.
Excessivespeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarethegreatest—curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.
Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.
Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.
6.Thepassagemainlydiscusses__________.
A)anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrol
B)anewpatternforpaintinghighways
C)anewapproachtotrainingdrivers
D)anewtypeofopticalillusion
7.Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat__________.
A)theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazards
B)theyaredrivinginthewronglane
C)theyshouldslowdowntheirspeed
D)theyareapproachingthespeedlimit
8.Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraight,horizontalbarsisthattheformer___________.
A)cankeepdriversawake
B)cancutroadaccidentsinhalf
C)willhavealongereffectondrivers
D)willlookmoreattractive
9.TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto__________.
A)tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareas
B)changetheroadsignsacrossthecountry
C)replacestraight,horizontalbarswithchevrons
D)repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns
10.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?
A)TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates
B)Theytendtobeignoredbydriversinashortperiodoftime.
C)Theyareapplicableonlyonbroadroads.
D)Theycannotbeappliedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.
PassageThree
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)wasexperiencingadownswinginridership(客运量)alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.
Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:
1)anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2)travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.
Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.).Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.
11.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?
A)Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience.
B)TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.
C)Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.
D)Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes.
12.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat________.
A)trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation
B)trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation
C)trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe
D)trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience
13.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized__________.
A)thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains
B)thepracticalaspectsoftraintravel
C)theadventurousaspectsoftraintrips
D)thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips
14.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause____________.
A)theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiences
B)theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprograms
C)theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percent
D)mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences
15.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofitsbecause___________.
A)theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised
B)itprovidedanexcitingtravelexper5ience
C)itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoors
D)itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersa
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