届高考英语阅读之说明文训练二.docx
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届高考英语阅读之说明文训练二.docx
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届高考英语阅读之说明文训练二
2020-2021高考英语阅读之说明文训练
(二)
(A)
Zero-emissionlargepassengeraircraftpoweredbyhydrogenwillbetechnicallyavailableinfiveyears,accordingtoAirbus,buttheywillnotenterserviceforatleastadecadeasthepriceofthefuelneedstocomedown.
ThepredictioncomesfromGlennLlewellyn,vice-presidentofzero-emissiontechnologyatthepan-Europeanplane-maker.HesaidthatwhileAirbusplannedtodemonstratehydrogen-poweredaircraftin2025,overthenext10years,hydrogenwon'tbemoreeconomicthanthefossilfuelequivalent.“Tomakerealemissionsfreehydrogen-poweredplanes,whichgiveoutonlywaterandheat,theirfuelneedstocomefromhydrogenproducedviarenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar,”headded.Anotherbarrierisbuildinguptheecosystemthathydrogenaircraftwillneed”.
However,MrLlewellynpredictedthattherewasenoughinterestinthesectortomakethishappen.Inaninterview,MrLlewellynsaid,“Wealreadyseemassiveincreasesintheamountofrenewableenergybeingproducedacrosstheworld.Windenergyproductionhasmultipliedbytwooverthelastfiveyearsandsolarenergyproductionhasmultipliedbyfour.”Headded,“Thereareanumberofindependentinstitutesthathavemappedouthowhydrogencostscancomedownoverthenextdecades.Weseea30%reductioninrenewablehydrogencostsin2030comparedtowhereitistoday,anda50%reductioninrenewablehydrogencostsby2050.Theyareexactlythekindofcostfiguresthatareinterestingforus,becauseitmakeszeroemissionaircraftcommerciallyviable(可行的)inthe2030s.”
LastmonthUK-basedZeroAviaconductedtheworld’sfirstflightofacommercial-gradeaircraftpoweredbyhydrogen.Afewdaysbefore,Airbusannouncedaseriesofdesignproposalsforhydrogen-drivenaircraft,includinga“blendedwing”conceptthatprovidesgreaterstoragecapacity.Thisdesigncouldbekeytohydrogen-poweredaircraftasthefuelislessenergydense(密度大)thanconventionalfuelandsorequiresmorespacetomatchperformanceofexistingairplanes.
1.Whichcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?
A.ApredictionaboutZero-emissionaircraft.
B.Zero-emissionlargeaircraftwillbeavailable.
C.HowZero-emissionlargeaircraftwillbemade.
D.ThebarrierstomakeZero-emissionlargeaircraft.
2.WhatdoesParagraph2focuson?
A.Thefuturetomakehydrogen-poweredaircraft.
B.Theimportancetomakehydrogen-poweredaircraft.
C.Theproblemstomakehydrogen-poweredaircraft.
D.Thepossibilitytomakehydrogen-poweredaircraft.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“capacity"inthelastparagraphmean?
A.Space.B.Ability.C.Place.D.Capability.
4.WhatisMrLlewellyn'sattitudetowardsthefutureofZero-emissionlargeaircraft?
A.Cautious.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.
(B)
“Thepileoficeissothick;itextendsmorethan10,000feetabovetheocean.Andifallthaticeweretomeltandgointotheocean,globalsealevelswouldrisebyabout24feeteverywherearoundtheworld,”saidJasonBriner,ageologistwhostudiestheicesheetinGreenlandattheUniversityofBuffalo.Theicesheetofthebiggestislandintheworldismelting,andtheicesheetthatsitsatopitismassive.Theicesheetismelting,ofcourse.Butjusthowmuch,comparedtothepast?
Briner’steamdidacomputersimulation(模拟)ofthesouthwestpartoftheGreenlandicesheet—whichhesaysisagoodindicatorforicemeltingacrosstheentireicesheet.Theresearcherspluggedpastclimatedataintothatmodelto“hindcast,”ratherthanforecast,thepastactivityoftheicesheet.Theythencheckedthemodel’spredictionsofthepastshapeandsizeoftheicesheetbylookingatpilesofrocksanddirtonGreenlandtoday,whichoutlinetheedgesofancientice.Andthesimulationwasingoodagreementwiththeactualsituation.
Usingthatreconstructionoftheicesheetovertime,theteamcouldcomparetheicesheet’shistoriclossestothosehappeningtodayunderhuman-causedglobalwarming.AndtheydeterminedthatGreenlandisontracktolosemoreicethiscenturythanduringanycenturyinthepast12,000years—possiblyfourtimesasmuch.
Finally,it’suptoushowmuchiceactuallymelts.Iftheworldgoesnetcarbonzeroby2100,forexample,Brinersaysicelosscouldstopentirelyattheendofthecentury,accordingtoonemodel.“Thatwaswhatkeptmefrombeingcompletelydepressedaboutourstudy.”Dozensofcountrieshavealreadyannouncedgoalstogonetzerobythemiddleofthiscentury—sofartheU.S.isnotoneofthem.
1.WhatdoweknowabouttheGreenlandicesheet?
A.Itisasthickasover10,000feet.
B.Itisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.
C.Ithasraisedsealevelsby24feet.
D.Itisthelargesticesheetintheworld.
2.HowdidBriner’steamconducttheirresearch?
A.Bymodelingpartoftheicesheetoncomputer.
B.Bydoingasimulationofthewholeicesheet.
C.Bystudyingtheancientrocksanddirt.
D.Byforecastingthefutureclimatechange.
3.WhatcanweinferabouttheGreenlandicesheetinthelastparagraph?
A.Itsstatushasalreadybeenacknowledged.
B.Itsgrowthcanbeimprovedbythemodel.
C.Thespeedofitsmeltingwillbeincreasinglyfast.
D.Theextentofitslossdependsonhumanactivities.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.RisingGlobalSeaLevels
B.ClimateChangeisSpeedingUp
C.Greenland—theBiggestIslandisMelting
D.NetCarbonZero—aGlobalGoalby2100
(C)
Ifbusinessesaretogetworkersbackintotheoffice,findingwaystokeepsocialdistancing(社会隔离)willbeimportant.AnIsraelicompanythinksitcanhelp,usingsmartsensorsinstalledonworkplaceceilings.
PointGrabdevelopeditstechnologybeforeCOVID-19tohelpworkspacemanagersoptimize(优化)howemployeesuseofficespace.Aboutthesizeofasmokealarm,thesensorscanrecordtheexactnumberandlocationofpeopleinbuildingsincludingoffices,hotelsandrestaurants.Oneofthecompany'sfirstclientswasDeloitte,whichinstalledthesystematitsLondonofficelastyear.PointGrabssensorswereconnectedtoscreensinthebuildingtoshowtheavailability(利用率)ofdesksandsharedareasinrealtime.PointGrabCEODoronShacharsaysitwasoneofaseriesofinnovationsthathelpedDeloittefit30%morepeopleinto3%lessspace.
Nowtopreventthecoronavirusspreadingfacetoface,PointGrabhasadaptedthetechnologytosomedegreesothesensorscanalsomonitorsocialdistancingbykeepingtrackofhowfarapartpeopleare,andwhetherthey'retravelinginonedirectionaroundabuilding.Workspacemanagerscansetupalarmforwhentwopeoplearecloserthantwometersformorethan30seconds,forexample.Thesensorshavebeenincludedinthe“sixfeetoffice”conceptcreatedbyacompanyCushman&Wakefieldtoencourageemployeestopracticesocialdistancing.TheyarecurrentlybeingusedinthiswayatauniversityintheNetherlands,andataninnovationcentreinBelgium.Whilethesocialdistancinginnovationisnew,PointGrabhasinstalledmorethan10,000sensorsforworkspaceoptimization,includingintheofficesofCoca-Cola,FacebookandDell.
Workersmightnotliketheideaofbeingmonitored,butPointGrabsaysnoimagesoridentifyingfeaturesarerecorded.Instead,eachemployeeisrepresentedasadotonascreen.“Thesensordoesnotviolatepeople’sprivacy,”Shacharsays.Thisisextremelyimportantintheworkspace.
1.WhatwerethesensorsusedtodobeforeCOVID-19?
A.Toidentifyemployees.B.Torecordlocations.
C.Tokeeptrackofemployees.D.Tomakebetteruseofofficespace.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adapted”probablymeaninParagraph3?
A.Introduced.B.Adjusted.
C.Formed.D.Boomed.
3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A.Smartsensorsgiveawaypeople’sprivacy.
B.PointGrabisingoodconditions.
C.Workersareinfavorofthecompanymanagement.
D.Workerappearancewillnotshowclearlyonthescreen.
4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Howwecangetworkersbackintotheiroffice
B.Howwecanimprovetheemployees’efficiency
C.Smartsensorsmakeofficesocialdistancingeasier
D.Smartsensorsareakeytechnologicalinnovation
(D)
IfyouwalkedbyJamesFasulo’sbedroom,inQueens,NewYork,youmighthearthe8-year-oldtalking.Youmightthinkhewasspeakingwithafriend,orwithhis4-year-oldsister,Anna.Morelikely,Jameswouldbetalkingtohissmartspeaker,anEchoDot.“Iuseitdaily,”hesays.
JamesoftenaskshisDottotelljokes,reportthetimeandtemperature,andplaymusic.Andhissister?
“SheasksittoplaysongsfromFrozen,”hesays.
AsofDecember2017,therewereabout67millionsmartspeakersinhouseholdsintheUnitedStates,accordingtoastudybyNationalPublicRadioandEdisonResearch.Ayearlater,thatnumberhadjumpedtonearly119million.That’sa78%increase.
“Familiesareveryinterestedintryingtheseproducts,”saysCarolineKnorrofCommonSenseMedia.KidslikeJamesandAnnaalsolovethattheyarefun.
Smartspeakersincludedevices(设备)suchasGoogleHomeandAmazonEcho.CommonSenseMediamadeasurveyofmorethan1,000parentswithkidsages2to8.Thesurveyaskedabouthowkidsusesmartspeakers.Italsoaskedaboutprivacy.
Nearlyhalfoftheparentssaidtheirkidsusethespeakers,andhalfofthosekidsusethemdaily.Ofparentswhohave,atsomepoint,turnedoffasmartspeaker’smicrophone(麦克风),aboutone-thirdofthemdiditbecausetheydidn’ttrustthedevice.
“Asmartspeakermightbehavelikeahumaninsomeofthewaysitanswersus,”saysFlorianSchaub,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofMichiganSchoolofInformation.“Butthat’sreallyacompanycollectingdata(数据)aboutyou.Everythingyousaytoasmartspeakerisrecordedbythesecom
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