托福听力模拟试题及答案卷十.docx
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托福听力模拟试题及答案卷十.docx
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托福听力模拟试题及答案卷十
2021年托福听力模拟试题及答案(卷十)
TheprincipaldifferencebetweenurbangrowthinEuropeandintheNorthAmericancolonieswastheslowevolutionofcitiesintheformerandtheirrapidgrowthinthelatter.InEuropetheygrewoveraperiodofcenturiesfromtowneconomiestotheirpresenturbanstructure.InNorthAmerica,theystartedaswildernesscommunitiesanddevelopedtomatureurbanisminlittlemorethanacentury.
IntheearlycolonialdaysinNorthAmerica,smallcitiessprangupalongtheAtlanticCoastline,mostlyinwhatarenowNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstatesintheUnitedStatesandinthelowerSaintLawrencevalleyinCanada.ThiswasnaturalbecausetheseareaswerenearesttoEnglandandFrance,particularlyEngland,fromwhichmostcapitalgoods(assetssuchasequipment)andmanyconsumergoodswereimported.Merchandisingestablishmentswere,accordingly,advantageouslylocatedinportcitiesfromwhichgoodscouldbereadilydistributedtointeriorsettlements.Here,too,werethefavoredlocationsforprocessingrawmaterialspriortoexport.Boston,Philadelphia,NewYork,Montreal,andothercitiesflourished,and,asthecoloniesgrew,thesecitiesincreasedinimportance.
ThiswaslesstrueinthecolonialSouth,wherelifecenteredaroundlargefarms,knownasplantations,ratherthanaroundtowns,aswasthecaseintheareasfurthernorthalongtheAtlanticcoastline.Thelocalisolationandtheeconomicself-sufficiencyoftheplantationswereantagonistictothedevelopmentofthetowns.Theplantationsmaintainedtheirindependencebecausetheywerelocatedonnavigablestreamsandeachhadawharfaccessibletothesmallshippingofthatday.Infact,oneofthestrongestfactorsintheselectionofplantationlandwasthedesiretohaveitsfrontonawaterhighway.
WhentheUnitedStatesbecameanindependentnationin1776,itdidnothaveasinglecityaslargeas50,000inhabitants,butby1820ithadacityofmorethan10,000people,andby1880ithadrecordedacityofoveronemillion.Itwasnotuntilafter1823,afterthemechanizationofthespinninghadweavingindustries,thatcitiesstarteddrawingyoungpeopleawayfromfarms.SuchmigrationwasparticularlyrapidfollowingtheCivilWar(1861-1865).
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(A)FactorsthatslowedthegrowthofcitiesinEurope.
(B)TheevolutionofcitiesinNorthAmerica
(C)TradebetweenNorthAmericanandEuropeancities
(D)TheeffectsoftheUnitedSates'independenceonurbangrowthinNewEngland.
2.Theword"they"inline4refersto
(A)NorthAmericancolonies
(B)cities
(C)centuries
(D)towneconomies
3.ThepassagecomparesearlyEuropeanandNorthAmericancitiesonthebasisofwhichofthefollowing?
(A)Theireconomicsuccess
(B)Thetypeofmerchandisetheyexported
(C)Theirabilitytodistributegoodstointeriorsettlements
(D)Thepaceoftheirdevelopment
4.Theword"accordingly因此"inline11isclosestinmeaningto
(A)asusual
(B)incontrast
(C)tosomedegree
(D)forthatreason
5.Accordingtothepassage,earlycolonialcitieswereestablishedalongtheAtlanticcoastlineofNorthAmericadueto
(A)anabundanceofnaturalresources
(B)financialsupportfromcolonialgovernments
(C)proximitytopartsofEurope
(D)afavorableclimate
6.Thepassageindicatesthatduringcolonialtimes,theAtlanticcoastlinecitiespreparedwhichofthefollowingforshipmenttoEurope?
(A)Manufacturingequipment
(B)Capitalgoods
(C)Consumergoods
(D)Rawmaterials
7.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaspectsoftheplantationsysteminfluencedthegrowthofsoutherncitiesEXCEPTthe
(A)locationoftheplantations
(B)accessofplantationownerstoshipping
(C)relationshipsbetweenplantationresidentsandcityresidents
(D)economicself-sufficiencyoftheplantations
8.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,incomparisonwithnortherncities,mostsoutherncitieswere
(A)moreprosperous
(B)smaller
(C)lesseconomicallyself-sufficient
(D)tiedlesscloselytoEnglandthantoFrance
9.Theword"recorded"inline26isclosestinmeaningto
(A)imagined
(B)discovered
(C)documented记录
(D)planned
10.Theword"drawing拉"inline28isclosestinmeaningto
(A)attracting
(B)employing
(C)instructing
(D)representing
11.ThepassagementionstheperiodfollowingtheCivilWar(line29)becauseitwasatimeof
(A)significantobstaclestoindustrialgrowth
(B)decreaseddependenceonforeigntrade
(C)increasednumbersofpeopleleavingemploymentonfarms
(D)increasedmigrationfromnorthernstatestosouthernstates
BBDDCDCBCAC
1.TheMoon,whichhasundergoneadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistorypresentsastrikingappearance.
Theword"undergone"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)altered
(B)substituted
(C)experienced
(D)preserved
2.ItisnowknownthatthevastmajorityoftheMoon'scraterswereformedbytheimpactofsolidbodieswiththelunarsurface.
Theword"vast"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)special
(B)Known
(C)varied
(D)great
3.Theterm"latentheat"referstotheenergythathastobeusedtoconvertliquidwatertowatervapor.
Theword"convert"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)mix
(B)change
(C)adapt
(D)reduce
4.Intheatmosphere,alargeportionoftheSun'sincomingenergyisusedtoevaporatewater,primarilyinthetropicaloceans.
Theword"primarily"intheline19isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)chiefly
(B)originally
(C)basically
(D)clearly
5.Otherspeciesmaybecomebetteradaptedtoanenvironment,resultingincompetitionand,ultimately,inthedeathofaspecies.
Theword"ultimately"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)exceptionally
(B)dramatically
(C)eventually
(D)unfortunately
参考答案:
1C
2D
3B
4A
5C
6.readilychangeitsorientation,orphase.Catsknowthisinstinctively,butscientistscouldnotbesurehowithappeneduntiltheyincreasedthespeedoftheirperceptionsathousandfold.
Theword"readily"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)only
(B)easily
(C)slowly
(D)certainly
7.ThechangingprofileofacityintheUnitedStatesisapparentintheshiftingdefinitionsusedbytheUnitedStatesBureauoftheCensus.In1870thecensusofficiallydistinguishedthenation's"urban"fromits"rural"populationforthefirsttime.
Theword"distinguished"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)differentiated
(B)removed
(C)honored
(D)protected
8.EachSMSAwouldcontainatleast(a)onecentralcitywith50,000inhabitantormoreor(b)twocitieshavingsharedboundariesandconstituting,forgeneraleconomicandsocialpurposes,asinglecommunitywithacombinedpopulationofatleast50,000,thesmallerofwhichmusthaveapopulationofatleast15,000.
Theword"constituting"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)locatednear
(B)determinedby
(C)callingfor
(D)makingup
9.TheAnasazilivedinhousesconstructedofadobeandwood.Anasazihouseswereoriginallybuiltinpitsandwereenteredfromtheroof.
Theword"pits"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)stages
(B)scars
(C)seeds
(D)holes
10.Eachkivahadafirepitandholethatwasbelievedtoleadtotheunderworld.Thelargestpuebloshadfivestoriesandmorethan800rooms.
Theword"stories"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)articles
(B)tales
(C)levels
(D)rumors
参考答案:
6DB
7A
8D
9D
10C
1.Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornonadaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.
Theword"tolerate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)endure
(B)replace
(C)compensate
(D)reduce
2.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.
Theword"obtain"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)digest
(B)carry
(C)save
(D)get
3.In1979SantaMonica'smunicipalgovernmentorderedlandlordstorollbacktheirrentstothelevelschargedin1978.Futurerentscouldonlygoupbytwothirdsasmuchasanyincreaseintheoverallpricelevel.
Thephrase"rollback"inlines11-12isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)credit
(B)measure
(C)vary
(D)reduce
4.Inanyhousingmarket,rentalpricesperformthreefunctions:
(1)promotingtheefficientmaintenanceofexistinghousingandstimulatingtheconstructionofnewhousing.
Theword"stimulating"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)experimentingwith
(B)identifying
(C)estimating
(D)encouraging
5.Oneresultofrentcontrolisadecreaseintheconstructionofnewrentalunits.RentControlshaveartificiallydepressedthemostimportantlong-termdeterminantofprofitability-rents.
Theword"depressed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)saddened
(B)created
(C)lowered
(D)defeated
6.Inthesameyear,inSanFrancisco,California,only2,000unitswerebuilt.SanFranciscohasonlya1.6percentvacancyratebutstringentrentcontrollaws.
Theword"stringent"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?
(A)straightforw
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