牛津英语模块一Unit 1单元考点集训定语从句用法.docx
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牛津英语模块一Unit 1单元考点集训定语从句用法.docx
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牛津英语模块一Unit1单元考点集训定语从句用法
Chapter2模块一Unit1单元语法集训
——定语从句的用法
◆语法专题考点预览
1.定语从句的定义及相关术语
2.比较关系代词与关系副词的用法
3.“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句
(一)定义及相关术语
一、定义
1.定语从句:
修饰某一、或的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:
的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:
连接功能:
;
指代功能:
;
语法功能:
在定语从句中。
关系词依其在定语从句中的功能,分为和。
关系代词有等;关系副词有等。
该句中,whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句,修饰先行词theman,who是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词theman,在定语从句中作主语。
主语
宾语
表语
定语
指人
指物
二、定语从句的种类以及区别
定语从句分为定语从句和定语从句
1.限制性定语从句起限定作用,是主句不可缺少的部分,与先行词之间无逗号;翻译时常译成前置定语。
Thosewhowanttogo,pleasesigntheirnameshere.想去的人请在这儿签名。
2.非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,省去后不影响主句的意思,并且常用逗号与主句隔开;翻译时常译成并列的分句。
Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.
一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。
ThisnotewasleftbyJohn,whowashereamomentago.这张纸条是约翰留的,他刚才来过这儿。
请看下面例句的不同含义:
限制性:
她有两个当解放军的儿子。
ShehastwosonswhoareP.L.A.men.(MaybeshehasothersonswhoarenotP.L.A.men.)
非限制性:
她有两个儿子,他们都是解放军。
Shehastwosons,whoareP.L.A.men.(Shehasonlytwosons.TheyarebothP.L.A.men.)
关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句时,which可以指主句的全部内容,也可以是部分内容,从句只能位于先行词后。
Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,whichiswhathisparentsexpect.
Anyway,thatevening,whichI’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.
三、关系代词的用法
1.who在从句中作S或O,作O时可省略。
[练习1]HehasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
[练习2]Helaughslastlaughsbest.
[练习3]Theboysheloveddiedinthewar.
2.whom在从句中作O,与who通用,可省略。
当作介词O并将介词提前时,只能用whom,且不能省略。
[练习4]Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.
[练习5]Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof____invitedtohiswedding.
[练习6]Thewomanhehasbeenmarriedwasadoctor.
A.whoseB.whomC.towhomD.withwhom
[练习7]Thefootballteamhasfifteenmembers,is25yearsold.
A.someofwhomB.allofwhomC.bothofwhomD.theoldestofwhom
[练习8]Doyouknowtheman?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.which在从句中作S或O,作O时可省略。
当作介词O并将介词提前时,不能省略。
[练习9]Aplaneisamachinecanfly.
[练习10]Thecarmybrotherboughtisbeautiful.
[练习11]ThisistheroomLuXunusedtolivein.
[练习12]ThisistheroominLuXunusedtolive.
[练习13]Istillrememberthedayswespentinthesummercamptwoyearsago.
A.whichB.whenC.whatD.where
[练习14]Isthisthefactoryalotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?
A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom
4.that在从句中作S或O,作O时可以省略,但不能放在介词后面作介词O,此时应用whom或which.
(1)指人
[练习15]TheoldmanIvisitedyesterdayismyteacher.
(2)指物
[练习16]Thebagliesonthegroundishers.
[练习17]Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.what
[练习18]Doyouknowthedifficultyhehadthework?
A.onfinishingB.tofinishC.finishingD.havingfinished
[练习19]ThisisthefactoryIvisitedlastweek.
A.whatB.thatC.whereD.it
5.whose是代词的所有格,可指人也可指物,在从句中作定语,但有时只能用ofwhich或ofwhom。
[练习20]Isawawomanbagwasstolen.
[练习21]Shelivesinaroom,thewindowsfacesouth.
[练习22]Hereismyclassmatebicyclewaslostyesterday.
A.hisB.thatC.whoseD.which
[练习23]Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.
A.whoseB.whatC.whichD.that
whose引导的定语从句
▲ 先行词在从句中作定语,先行词既可指人也可指物
▲ whose后肯定有它所修饰的名词.
[练习24]Justlikeavoyageatsea,ourlifejourney,______daysarelimited,isfullofdifficulties.A.whoseB.thatC.itsD.whom
[练习25]Ivisitedthescientist____________nameisknownallovertheworld.
A.whoseB.thatC.itsD.whom
6.as引导定语从句的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句中的一部分或整个句子。
此种定语从句可以位于句首、句中,也可位于句尾。
位于句首时不用which引导。
[练习26]HemarriedMary,wasnatural
[练习27]herealized,Iwasveryusefultohim.
[练习28]Oxygen,weknow,isagas.
[练习29]Heisfromthesouth,wecanseefromhisaccent.
[练习30]isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.
A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As
as引导的非限制性定语从句有时类似插入语,译为“正如、就像”,which却没有。
常见的句式有asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asissaidabove等。
[练习31]isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
[练习32]weknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
(2)引导限制性定语从句,多位于thesame…as,thesameas,such…as,so…as,as…..as中。
[练习33]Ihavegotintothesametroublehe.
[练习34]Thereareasmanydictionariesareneeded.所需要的字典都有了。
[练习35]SuchwomenknowTomthoughthewascharming.
[练习36]Ihaveneverheardsuchstorieshetells.
[练习37]Wearefacingthesameproblemswedidyearsago.
[练习38]ThisisthesamewalletIlost.
7.修饰物体时关系代词that和which的区分
(1)只能使用that的情况:
①当先行词即有人又有物时;
[练习39]Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywell—known.
②当先行词被thevery,theright,thenext,theonly;形容词最高级、序数词所修饰;先行词为数词时;
[练习40]ThefirstAmericanmovieIwatchedwastheTitanic.
[练习41]ThisistheverybookIlostyesterday.
[练习42]Afterthebigfire,theoldcaristheonlythingheowns.
[练习43]CornwasnottheonlyplanttakentoEurope
A.thatwasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.whichwere
③当先行词是everything,nothing,anything,all,each,few,little,much,none,theone等不定代词时;
[练习44]Allcanbedonehasbeendone.
[练习45]Thereseemstobenothingisimpossibletohimintheworld.
[练习46]HaveyousetdowneverythingMrLisaid?
[练习47]Isthereanythingelseyourequire?
A.whichB.thatC.whichD.what
④当先行词被all,any,every,each,some,no,oneof等不定代词修饰时;
[练习48]There'snodifficultywecan'tovercome.
[练习49]I'vereadallthebookscanbeborrowedhere.
⑤当先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时;
[练习50]Shanghaiisn'tthecityitusedtobe60yearsago.
[练习51]Heisnolongerthemanheusedtobe.
⑥当主句是who或which开头的疑问句时。
[练习52]Whoisthemaniswaitingattheschoolgate?
[练习53]Whichisthebookyouboughtyesterday?
[练习54]Whichisthecarranoveradogyesterday?
(2)只能使用which的情况。
①非限制性定语从句中。
[练习55]Maryhasabook,isveryprecious.
[练习56]WhoMovedMyCheese?
isabestseller,iswrittenbySpencerJohnson
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.it
[练习57]MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.
A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that
②在介词之后。
[练习58]Thisisahouseinlivesanoldman.
8.修饰人时关系代词that和who,whom的区分。
①先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时,宜用who;
[练习59]Onehasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestosaytruth.
[练习60]Anyonebreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
②在Therebe开头的句字中,宜用who;
[练习61]Therearemanypeopleareagainsthim.
③先行词指人,且关系代词前有介词时,只用whom;
[练习62]SheisthegirlwithIwentthere.
比较Sheisthegirlwhom/who/thatImetattheparty.
四、关系副词的用法
语法功能
先行词
引导词
时间状语
时间词
when(=in等+which)
地点状语
地点词
where(=in等+which)
方式状语
way
that/inwhich/省略
原因状语
reason
why(=for+which)
1.先行词是时间词语,可用when引导定语从句,when在句中作时间状语。
[练习63]DoyoustillrememberthedayswespentinQingdao?
[练习64]DoyoustillrememberthedayswespentthesummerholidaysinQingdao?
[练习65]LiHuastillrememberedthemomenthebecameastudentofBeijingUniversity.
A.whereB.whichC.whyD.when
[练习66]Doyouthinkthere’llbetimewecanbeatalldiseases?
A.a;thatB.the;thatC.a;whenD.the;when
2.先行词是地点词语,定语从句用where引导,where在从句中作地点状语。
[练习67]IgrewupinthesmallvillageIwasbornin.
[练习68]IgrewupinthesmallvillageinIwasborn.
[练习69]IgrewupinthesmallvillageIwasborn
[练习70]We’vebookedaroominthecentreoftownforthegueststheycanstayforthreedays.
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom
3.先行词为reason时,定语从句用why引导,why在从句中作原因状语,可用forwhich或that代替why,that可以省略。
[练习71]Tomexplainedtoherteacherthereasonshecamelate.
4.先行词为way时,定语从句的关系词在从句中作状语,通常用that引导定语从句,that常省略;也可用inwhich引导。
[练习72]Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayhesaidit.
[练习73]Thewayheexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.
[练习74]Thewayheexplainedtouswasquitesimple.
五、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.英语中,关系代词作定语从句中介词的宾语时,介词可位于定语从句中,在正式文体中的介词也可位于关系代词的前面。
介词位于关系代词前面时,关系代词往往是whom或which,有时也用whose。
[练习75]ThelittlecreaturescientistsareinterestedisET.
[练习76]TherewasateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofmouththeteawassupposedtocome.
[练习77]Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,fromeffectthepeoplearestillsuffering.
2.介词的确定:
(1)先行词的习惯搭配或需要。
[练习78]Thespeedlighttravelsis3000,000kmpersecond.
(2)介词是从句谓语动词的一部分或动词所需要的搭配。
[练习79]ThewomanSpielbergismarriedisanactress.
[练习80]Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyerIwentforadvice.
A.bywhomB.bywhoC.towhomD.towho
(3)表示所有关系或整体的一部分,常用ofwhich。
[练习81]Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestisTaiwan.
巩固提高(多选)
1.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice____peopleexpected.
A.likeB.asC.thatD.which
2.____isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
3.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.
A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which
4.Thegentleman____youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.
A.whoB.aboutwhom
C.whomD.withwhom
5.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,____leadingactorisworld-famous?
A.itsB.it’sC.whoseD.which
6.Idon'tliketheway_____youspeaktoher.
A.\B.thatC.inwhichD.AllA,B,andC
7.Isthisbook____youwanttoborrowfromthelibrary.
A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.\
8.Itistheabilitytodothejob___mattersnotwhereyoucomeformorwhatyouare.
A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it
课后巩固练习
练习一、单项填空
1.Ithinkyou’regottothepoint_______achangeisneeded,otherwiseyou’llfail.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which
2.Thehours_______thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubte
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