高中英语unit3 amazing peoplegrammar and usage学案牛津译林版必修2.docx
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高中英语unit3 amazing peoplegrammar and usage学案牛津译林版必修2.docx
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高中英语unit3amazingpeoplegrammarandusage学案牛津译林版必修2
Unit3GrammarandusagePeriodOnePresentperfecttense
Teachingaim:
Togiveabriefintroductiontothepresentperfecttense
Teachingprocedures:
1GooverthenewsstoryonPage2andfindthesentencesusingthepresentperfecttense.
Pleaseexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences.
2Theformofthepresentperfecttense
3Talkabouttheusesofthepresentperfecttense
AWeusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast,butareconnectedtothepresent.
ThedisappearanceofJustinhasmadeKellyveryunhappy.
BWealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepast,andisstillhappeningnow.
IhavenotseenJustinsincelastFridaynight.
CWeusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant.Weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas:
alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyet
Weusealreadyforaffirmativestatementsandyetfornegativestatements.
Weusefor+aperiodoftimeandsince+apointintime.
DWeusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago.Inthiscase,justisused.Payattentiontothepositionofjust.
Hehasjustgoneout.(=Hewentoutafewminutesago.)
Weusethepresentperfecttenseheretotellothersthatheisn’therenow.
Ihavejustheardthenews.(NowIknowthenews.)
EWecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,thatis,weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce/twice/threetimes…
FActionsoccurringinanincompleteperiodmightbeindicatedbytodayorthismorning/afternoon/evening/week/month/year/centuryorallday/night/week,allthetime,alwaysetc.
Tomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisstillinthemorning.)
Tomrangupthreetimesthismorning.(Nowitisnotstillinthemorning.)
Completethefollowingsentenceswiththepropertense.
AWehavestudied(study)Englishforaboutfiveyears.
BTheyhavelived(live)inthesouthsincetheirdaughterwasborn.
CIhaveread(read)yourarticlethreetimes.It’swellwritten.
DThestudenthasfinished(finish)herhomeworkalready.
EErichasgone(go)backtohishometowntoday.
FThepolicehavejustfinished(finish)searchingthearea.
4Comparethesimplepasttenseandthepresentperfecttense
Lookatthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused.
AWehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegantostudyitfiveyearsago.
BTheymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen.
CEriclefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback.
EJustinhasbeenawayfromhomeforseveraldays.HedisappearedlastFriday.
FTheyboughtthishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen.
Gmybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek.Hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth.
Completethefollowingsentences:
a‘Haveyouseenmypen?
’‘Yes,Isawitonyourdeskjustnow.’
b‘Haveyouhaddinner?
’‘Yes,IhaditwithMary.’
CHasthepostmancomeyet/thismorning?
DDidthepostmancomethismorning?
EIhaveknownhimforalongtime.
FHello!
Ididn’tknowyouwerehereinNanjing.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Notes:
1)Thepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod,butwiththepastsimpletense,weusetimeexpressionswhichafixedpointinthepast.
c.f.
Wehaven’tseenJustinforaweek.(Heisstillmissing.)
Justindisappearedlastweek.(ItmaymeanthatthisweekJustinishere.)
Hehassmokedsinceheleftschool.(Hestillsmokes.)
Hesmokedforsixmonths.(Itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen.
2)Sometimes,however,theactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking.
Ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutit’sjustbeginningtogetwarmer.
3)Onmeetingsomeone,youmaysay:
Ihaven’tseenyouforages.(ButIseeyounow.)
4)Forapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepresent.
Tomhashadabadcarcrash.(He’sprobablystillinhospitalnow.)
Tomhadabadcarcrash.(Buthe’sprobablyoutofhospitalnow.)
Thelifthasbrokendown.(Wehavetousethestairs.)
Theliftbrokedown.(Butit’sprobablyworkingagainnow.)
5Readthediaryentryandthencompleteitusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.
Answers:
(2)saw(3)hasvisited(4)loves(5)hasn’tvisited(6)hasswum(7)hasnevermet(8)hasdived(9)hasfound(10)hasn’tfound(11)Has,been
6Assignment
PeriodTwoPresentperfectcontinuoustense
Teachingaim:
Togiveabriefintroductiontothepresentperfectcontinuoustense
Teachingprocedures:
1GooverthenewsstoryonPage2andfindthesentencesusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.
Pleaseexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences.
2Theformofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense
3Talkabouttheusesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense
WesometimesusethePresentperfectcontinuoustense
totalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing,orhavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway.
AI’vebeenwaitingforanhourandhestillhasn’tturnedup.
BI’msosorryI’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?
GooverPoints1and2onpage9.
4Exercisesonpage9
Answers:
(2)havebeentalking(3)havebeentaking(4)havebeenwatching
(5)haveseen(6)havebeenwriting
5Comparethepresentperfectandthepresentperfectcontinuoustense
LiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge.
LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.
Inthefirstsentence,itmeanstheactionreadisn’tstillcontinuing,andLiJiaknowswhatthebookisaboutnow,butinthesecondsentence,itmeanstheactionreadisstillcontinuing.
c.f.I’vecleanedthehouse.
I’vebeencleaningthehouse.
ReadPoint1onpage10.
Notes:
1)IhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth.
IhavebeentouringEgyptfortwomonths.
Thepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan’tbeusedwithtimeexpressionssuchastwiceorhowmanytimes,becauseinthistensetheactioniscontinuous,notstoppedandstartedagain.
Wecanusethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensefornon-stopactions.
2)Howmanytimeshaveyouswuminthelake?
Howlonghaveyoubeenswimminginthelake?
Weusuallyusethepresentperfecttensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowmany/much,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowlong.
3)I’venevervisitedParis.
I’vealreadybeentoParis.
always,never,yet,alreadyandevercan’tbeusedinacontinuoustense.
4)IhavenotbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome.
I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.
Wecanuseforandsincewiththethepresentperfectcontinuoustense.
5)Bothpresentperfecttenseandpresentperfectcontinuoustense
Anactionwhichbeganinthepastandisstillcontinuingorhasonlyjustfinishedcan,withcertainverbs,beexpressedbyeitherthepresentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuous.Verbswhichcanbeusedinthiswayincludeexpect,hope,learn,lie,live,sleep,sit,study,wait,want,rain,etc.
HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?
Or
HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?
Ithassnowedforalongtime.
Ithasbeensnowingforalongtime.
6Astateverboranactionverb
Ihavehadthiscameraforfiveyears.(stateverb)
IhavetakenphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.(actionverb)
IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOswiththiscamera.(actionverb)
Anactionmeanssomethinghappeningorchanging.Astatemeanssomethingstayingthesame.Someexamplesofactionverbsaredo,go,andplay.Someexamplesofstateverbsarelike,knowandexist.
Astateverbdoesn’tmeananaction,soitcan’tbeusedinacontinuoustense.
They’vealwayshadabiggarden.
Howlonghaveyouknowneachother?
He’sbeeninhospitalsincehisaccident.
7Exercisesonpage11:
Answersonpage11
A
(1)heard
(2)beendoing(3)beenresearching(4)beendoing(5)started(6)done(7)
read(8)found(9)started(10)beendoing(11)beenmaking
Sampleanswers
B1Hehasbeenwaitingatanundergroundstation.
2TheyhavebeentravelinginanUFO.Itlookslikeasaucer.
3Theyprobablyhavetalkedtoanimalsorplantsontheearthaswellascreaturesonotherplants.
4TheyhavevisitedMars,Venus,Jupiterandsomeotherplanets.
8Assignment
Grammarandusage
一、单项选择(共20分,每小题1分)
1.Shesaidthatshe________muchprogresssinceshecamehere.
A.makes B.made C.havemade Dhadmade
2. I _________ there for five years when the new leader came.
A. had worked B. worked C. was working D. have worked
3. Oh, you have bought a new bicycle. Where _________ it?
A. had you bought B. have you bought C. did you buy D. to buy it
4.---We______thatyouwouldfixtheTVsetthisweek.
---I’msorry.I______tofixitthisweek,butI’vebeentoobusy.
A.hadexpected;hadintended
B.areexpecting;hadintended
C.expect;intend
D.expected;intend
5.---Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.
---Really?
Where______?
A.hasshebeen B.hadshebeen
C.hasshegone D.hadshegone
6.---Wheredoyouthink______he______thecomputer?
---Sorry.Ihavenoidea.
A.has;bought B.不填;bought
C.did;buy D.不填;buys
7.---______Bettythismorning?
---Notyet,butsheissuretobeherebeforenoon.
A.Haveyouseen B.Willyousee
C.Doyousee D.Didyousee
8.---Eachofthestudents,workinghardattheirlessons,______thebook.
---SohaveI.
A.isreading B.reads C.reading D.hasread
9.Thestudents___busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe___intheoffice.
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