Negation反译法.docx
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Negation反译法.docx
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Negation反译法
Negation(反译法)
TransferoftheNegative(转移否定)
Anegativemaybetransferredfromacertainpartofthesentencetoanotherintranslation.
TransferoftheNegativefromtheMainClausetotheSubordinateThat-Clause(把主句的否定转移到that-从句)
AstrangefeatureofthesyntaxofsubordinationincolloquialEnglishisthetransferofthenegativefromasubordinatethat-clause,wheresemanticallyitbelongs,tothemainclause(Quirk1972:
789).Thus“Ithinkhewillnotcome”islessoftenseenthan“Idon’tthinkhewillcome”.InChinese,however,weusuallysay“我想他不会来”insteadof“我不想他会来”,hencethetransferofthenegativeintranslation.
Inthiscase,transferrednegationislimitedtothoseverbsofbelieforassumption,suchasthink,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,fancy,reckon.
Examples:
1.Wedon’tbelievethatourmothertongueisinferiortoanyotherlanguageintheworld.
我们相信,祖国的语言并不亚于世界任何其他语言。
2.Idon’tthinkFatherwillfancylivinganidlelifelikethat.
我想爸爸不会喜欢过那样清闲的生活。
3.IdonotthinkanyonewritessowellthathecannotlearnmuchfromFowler’sDictionaryofModernEnglishUsage.(W.S.Maugham:
Lucidity,Simplicity,Euphony)
我觉得任何人如果不能从福勒的《现代英语用法辞典》中多学点东西的话,他是写不出好文章来的。
/我认为,任何人无论文章写得多好,也不能不从福勒的《现代英语用法辞典》中得到许多教益。
Drills9.1.1
4.IdonotthinktheCouncilcanorshouldremainindifferenttothesemostseriousviolationsofhumanrights.
5.Itisnotourview(opinion)thatthesubstanceorthetoneofhisremarksthismorningwillcontributetocreatingalastingpeaceintheMiddleEast.
6.Idon’tfeelIcanstanditmuchlonger.(ArnoldBennett)
7.Idon’tsupposeyouneedtoworry.
8.Idon’tthinkso.
Notallverbsinthesemanticfieldofbelief,uncertainty,etc,taketransferrednegation.Itisnotable,forexample,thatnegationcannotbetransferredfromverbslikeassume,surmise,andpresume:
Ican’tassumethathecame.我不能假定他来了。
cf.Iassumethathecouldn’tcome.我猜想他不能来。
Thenegativesometimescanbetransferredfromthefiniteverbtootherpartsofthesentence:
Oddlyenough,hedidn’tseemtorememberhisownbirthday.(=Itseemedthathedidn’trememberhisownbirthday.)
说也奇怪,他似乎不记得自己的生日了。
TransferoftheNegativefromtheFiniteVerbtotheAdverbial(把谓语动词的否定转移到状语)
Whenanegativesentencecontainsanadverbial,careshouldbetakenthatthenegativewordactuallymodifiestheadverbial(i.e.negativefocus)inmeaningevenifitappearstomodifytheverbinform:
Examples:
1.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.(=Romewasbuiltnotinaday.)
罗马非朝夕建成。
/伟业非一日之功。
2.Hedoesnotworkatthisfactory.(cf.Hedoesnoworkatthisfactory.)
他不在这家工厂工作。
3.Icannotconsiderthematterasinanywayurgent.(=Iconsiderthematterasinnowayurgent.)
我认为此事毫不紧急。
4.Wedonotlivetoeat,buteattolive.
我们活着不是为了吃饭,而吃饭是为了活着。
/我们不是为吃饭而活着,而是为活着而吃饭。
5.Justbecauseshedoesn’tcomplainyoushouldnotsupposethatsheissatisfied.
你不可只因为他不发怨言,就以为她心满意足了。
Drills9.1.2
6.Hedidn’thappentobetherethatday.(=Hehappenednottobetherethatday.)
7.Shedidnotcometoschoolbybus.
8.Idonotcometoteaseyou.
9.Wehavenotfoughtforsomanyyearstosuccumbtothelackeyoftheenemyintheend.
10.Shedidnotleavetheletterhereonpurposeforyoutoread.
11.Peopledidnotshakeoffcolonialist’syokeinordertoputonthehegemonist’s.
12.Youcannotpolitelyturndowntheinvitationtotheconference.
13.Wewillnotbegoingtheretoconductanegotiationonbehalfofourgovernment.
14.Don’tthinkillofmebecauseIuseherhelp.(C.Dickens)
15.Hedidnotdothisbecausetherewerenotanyproofreaders,butbecausehedidnotwantanymistakestoslipintothenewspapers.
16.Ididn’tleavehomebecauseIwasafraidofmyfather.(R.Quirk)
cf.Ididn’tleavehome,becauseIwasafraidofmyfather.
NOTES
Thescopeofthenegationnormallyextendsfromthenegativeworditselftotheendoftheclause,ortothebeginningofafinaladjunct.Whenanadverbialisfinal,however,itmayormaynotlieoutsidethescope(Quirk1972:
381):
Iwasn’tˇlisteningallthe`time.(=Forthewholetime,Iwasn’tlistening.)
我整段时间都没听。
Iwasn’tlisteningalltheˇtime.(=ItisnottruethatIwaslisteningallthetime.)
我并不是整段时间都在听。
Thedifferenceofscope,whichisheremarkedbyintonation,reflectsanimportantdifferenceofmeaning.
TransferoftheNegativetotheVerbfromOtherPartsoftheSentence(把句子其他成分的否定转移到动词)
Examples:
1.Nomodulatedsignalisdetected.
没有检到调制的信号。
(not检到了没有调制的信号)
2.Whengasolineburns,nothingvisibleremains.
汽油燃烧时,看不见有什么东西剩下。
3.Hegavemenotevenamomenttocollectmythoughts.
他甚至不给我片刻时间去集中一下思想。
4.Thewholesubjectissoobscure,thatIhavesucceededinthrowinghardlyanylightonit.(Darwin)
这整个问题是如此深奥难解,我几乎未能对它作任何阐明。
5.Shelovesyousowellthatshehasthehearttothwartyouinnothing.(Gilbert)
她这样爱你,决不忍心在任何事情上让你不顺心。
Drills9.1.3
6.Shegavemenoanswer.
7.Postnobills.
8.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.(proverb)
9.Undernocircumstanceswouldwegiveupourprinciples.
10.Shefoundthatshecouldcountcertaintyuponnobody.(Hewlett)
11.OfcourseLyndonJohnsoncoulddoitlikenootherman.(TheBestandtheBrightest)
12.Iturnedasidetovisitnoobjectsofinterest.(HughConway)
9.2ConversionoftheAffirmativeintotheNegative(肯定形式译成否定形式)
By“theaffirmative”inEnglishwemeanthatsentenceshaveneithersuchnegativewordsas“no”,“not”,“never”,“none”,“neither”,“nobody”,“nothing”,“nowhere”,“nowise”,norwordswithsuchnegativeprefixesorsuffixesas“dis-”,“im-”,“in-”,“ir-”,“non”,“un-”,“-less”.
By“thenegative”inChinesewemeanthatsentenceshavesuchnegativecharactersas“不”,“非”,“否”,“无”,“没(有)”,“未”,“别”,“勿”,“莫”,“休”,“甭”.
Itissometimesadvisableandevennecessarytoconvertaffirmatives(oftenimplyingnegation)inEnglishintonegativesinChineseduetodifferencesinthewayofthinkingandinthemodeofexpression.
Examples:
Words
AffirmativeForm
NegativeForm
difficult
困难的
不容易的
certain
肯定,确信
无疑,毫无疑问
extraordinary
特别的
不平常的
dying
奄奄一息的,垂死的
还没咽气的
Drills9.2a
GiveChineseequivalentsinthenegativeformforthefollowing:
1.anxiety
2.predictably
3.failure
4.supremeauthority
5.withdignity
6.abarrentractofland
7.beataloss
8.absent-minded
9.proveworthyofourtrust
10.safeandsound
11.exactly
12.befatallyill
13.aforcetobereckonedwith
14.soonenough
15.wetpaint
16.lifesentence(imprisonment)
17.feelworried
18.keep…withinbounds
Examples:
1.Ihatetogetpersonal,butyou’remucholderthanByron.
我不喜欢过问私事,不过你比拜伦要大得多。
2.Oh,stopfumbling.I’llfinishthetopbuttons.
唉,别笨手笨脚地乱摸了,上面的扣子我来扣吧。
3.Takeitorleaveit.
买不买随你。
4.Thenameslippedfrommymemory.
我一时想不起这个名字。
5.Mymotheris86,butshecarriesheryearseasily.
我母亲86岁了,可并不显老。
6.ThiswasaviewwhichseemstohaveescapedthePrimeMinister.
首相似乎没有看到这一点。
7.ThismakesthetaskoftheNegroamorehealthfulandreasonableone.(UncleTom’sCabin)
这使得黑人所干的活比较不伤身体,也比较合乎情理。
8.I’llchaseyoudownandbringyouunder,you’llsee!
我要迫得你无路可走,把你制服住,你瞧着吧!
9.Socheerup,Captain;andbuyafloweroffapoorgirl.(BernardShaw:
Pygmalion)
别发愁了,长官,买咱穷女孩的一枝花吧。
10.ThattimewhenwecaughtMollyIdoubledupwithlaughter.(UncleTom’sCabin)
我们抓住莫莉那一回,我笑得直不起腰来。
11.“IsupposeImust,”saidMissSharpcalmly,andmuchtothewonderofMissJemima.(VanityFair)
“我想这是免不了的,”夏普小姐说得不慌不忙,吉米玛小姐觉得很惊奇。
Drills9.2b
12.Makeyourselfathome.
13.Shewaspersistentwhenexecuted.
14.Shesawhimcomingbutsheignoredhim.
15.Hehasgrownintoquiteanothercreaturefromwhathewas.
16.Mindyourownbusiness.
17.Ourworkisstillalongwayfromperfection.
18.Hiswordsandactionsareinconflict.
ConversionoftheNegativeintotheAffirmative(否定形式译成肯定形式)
ConversionofEnglishWordswithNegativePrefixesorSuffixesintoAffirmativeForms(把含有前后缀否定的词译成肯定形式)
Thisconversionsometimessoundsbetterthanthecombinationofthenegativewordandtheaffirmativerootword.e.g.“混乱”for“disorder”,“疏忽”or“粗心大意”for“carelessness”,“文盲”for“illiterate”,“忘我”for“selfless”,etc.
Compareandfillintheblanks:
Words
NegativeForm
AffirmativeForm
incomplete
不完全的
残缺的
infrequent
不经常的
偶尔有之的
unasked
未经邀请的
自告奋勇的
infelicitous
不完善的
有缺点的
dishonorably
不体面地
丢面子
unprecedented
前所未有的
空前的
indecisive
犹豫不决的
优柔寡断的
demobilize
displeased
dislike
disbelief
undisguised
noiseless
Examples:
1.YesterdaythePresidentgaveanunpreparedspeechbeforeabigaudience.
昨天总统在大庭广众面前即席致辞。
2.Aren’ttheyfine,thesethreemenaregoingoffintonowherelikethat?
这三人真行,前途茫茫,就这样去了。
Drills9.3.1
3.Wewatchedthediminishingpileofmoneywithbreathlessinterest.
4.Shewentintotheunsafebuilding.
5.Todaytheybecomeevenmoremerciless.
ConversionofNegativeSentencesintoAffirmatives(否定句译成肯定句)
Examples:
1.Myovercoatwouldnotwearout.
我的大衣十分耐穿。
2.Mr.Shelby,youcannotbeserious.(UncleTom’sCabin)
雪尔贝先生,你这话准是说着玩的吧!
/你这话不可能是当真的吧?
3.Ifthatisn’twhatIwant!
我所要的就是这个呀!
4.Youwouldn’trecognizetherivers;theywerefeedingreservoirsthathadnotbeentherebefore.
河流灌入了新修的水库,你都认不出来了。
5.Whatevermoneydoesn’tgoforfoodisspentforvisitstothehealthclinic.(W.Mooneyham:
WhatDoYouSaytoaHungryWorld?
)
除了伙食开支,剩下的钱都用来跑诊所了。
6.Nothingismoredeceitfulthantheappearanceofhumility.(Austen)
谦卑的外表是最易使人上当的。
7.“Ah,mylord,”shesaid,“youdon’tknowallIhavetosufferandbearinsilence!
”(VanityFair)
“唉,勋爵,”她说,“你哪里知道我暗地里要受多少苦啊!
”
TranslationofEnglishQuestionsandAnswers(英语问答句译法)
TranslationofAnswerstoNegativeQuestions(回答否定问句的译法)
Thesameanswertoanegativequestionisexpresseddifferentlyinthetwolanguages.Careshouldbetakennottom
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